2020英語六級段落匹配題專項練習(xí)題(五)

2020英語六級段落匹配題專項練習(xí)題(5)

Earthquakes

A)Anearthquakeisoneofthemostterrifyingphenomena

thatnaturecandishup.Wegenerallythinkofthegroundwe

standonas“rock-solid”andcompletelystable.An

earthquakecanshatter(粉碎)thatperceptioninstantly,and

oftenwithextremeviolence.

B)Upuntilrelativelyrecently,scientistsonlyhad

unprovenguessesastowhatactuallycausedearthquakes.Even

todaythereisstillacertainamountofmysterysurrounding

them,butscientistshaveamuchclearerunderstanding.There

hasbeenenormousprogressinthepastcentury.Scientists

haveidentifiedtheforcesthatcauseearthquakes,and

developedtechnologythatcantellusanearthquake's

magnitudeandorigin.Thenexthurdleistofindawayof

predictingearthquakes,sotheydon,tcatchpeopleby

surprise.Inthisarticle,we'11findoutwhatcauses

earthquakes,andwe'11alsofindoutwhytheycanhavesuch

adevastatingeffectonus.

C)Anearthquakeisavibration(震動)thattravelsthrough

theearthJscrust.Technically,alargetruckthatrumbles

downthestreetiscausingamini-earthquake,ifyoufeel

yourhouseshakingasitgoesby;butwetendtothinkof

earthquakesaseventsthataffectafairlylargearea,such

asanentirecity.Allkindsofthingscancauseearthquakes：

volcaniceruptions,meteor(流星)impacts,underground

explosions(anundergroundnucleartest,forexample),

collapsingstructures(suchasacollapsingmine)*Butthe

majorityofnaturally-occurringearthquakesarecausedby

movementsoftheearth,splates.

D）Weonlyhearaboutearthquakesinthenewseveryonce

inawhile,buttheyareactuallyaneverydayoccurrenceon

ourplanet.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,

morethan3millionearthquakesoccureveryyear.That's

about8,000aday,oroneevery11seconds!Thevastmajority

ofthese3millionquakesareextremelyweak.Thelawof

probabilityalsocausesagoodnumberofstrongerquakesto

happeninuninhabitedplaceswherenoonefeelsthem.Itis

thebig

quakesthatoccurinhighlypopulatedareasthatgetour

attention.

E）Earthquakeshavecausedagreatdealofproperty

damageovertheyears,andtheyhaveclaimedmanylives.In

thelasthundredyearsalone,therehavebeenmorethan1.5

millionearthquake-relatedfatalities*Usually,it'snotthe

shakinggrounditselfthatclaimslives;it'stheassociated

destructionofman-madestructuresandothernatural

disastersitcauses,suchastsunamis,avalanches（雪崩）and

landslides.

F）Thebiggestscientificbreakthroughinthehistoryof

seismology一thestudyofearthquakes一cameinthemiddleof

the20thcentury,withthedevelopmentofthetheoryofplate

tectonics（筑造學(xué)）.Scientistsproposedtheideaofplate

tectonicstoexplainanumberofpeculiarphenomenaonearth,

suchastheapparentmovementofcontinentsovertime,the

clusteringofvolcanicactivityincertainareasandthe

presenceofhugeridgesatthebottomoftheocean.

G)Thebasictheoryisthatthesurfacelayerofthe

earth一thelithosphere一iscomprisedofmanyplatesthat

slideoverthelubricating(潤滑的)asthenospherelayer.At

theboundariesbetweenthesehugeplatesofsoilandrock,

threedifferentthingscanhappen.

H)Platescanmoveapart.Iftwoplatesaremovingapart

fromeachother,hot,moltenrockflowsupfromthelayersof

mantlebelowthelithosphere.Thismagma(巖漿)comesouton

thesurface(mostlyatthebottomoftheocean),whereitis

calledlava(熔巖),Asthelavacools,ithardenstoformnew

lithospherematerial,fillinginthegap.Thisiscalleda

divergentplateboundary.

I)Platescanpushtogether.Ifthetwoplatesaremoving

towardeachother,oneplatetypicallypushesundertheother

one.Thisplatebelowsinksintothelowermantlelayers,

whereitmelts.Atsomeboundarieswheretwoplatesmeet,

neitherplateisinapositiontopushundertheother,so

theybothpushagainsteachothertoformmountains.The

lineswhereplatespushtowardeachotherarecalled

convergentplateboundaries.

J)Platesslideagainsteachother.Atotherboundaries,

platessimplyslidebyeachother一onemovesnorthandone

movessouth,forexample.Whiletheplatesdon'tdrift

directlyintoeachotheratthesetransformboundaries,they

arepushedtightlytogether.Agreatdealoftensionbuilds

attheboundary.

K)Weunderstandearthquakesalotbetterthanwedid

even50yearsago,butwestillcan,tdomuchaboutthem.

Theyarecausedbyfundamental,powerfulgeologicalprocesses

thatarefarbeyondourcontrol.Theseprocessesarealso

fairlyunpredictable,soit'snotpossibleatthistimeto

tellpeopleexactlywhenanearthquakeisgoingtooccur.The

firstdetectedearthquakewaveswilltellusthatmore

powerfulvibrationsareontheirway,butthisonlygivesus

afewminutes,warning,atmost.

L)Sowhatcanwedoaboutearthquakes?Themajor

advancesoverthepast50yearshavebeeninpreparedness,

particularlyinthefieldofconstructionengineering.In

1973,theUniformBuildingCode,aninternationalsetof

standardsforbuildingconstruction,7added?specifications7

to7strengthen?buildings?against?the7force?of7

earthquake?waves.7This7includes?strengthening?support7

material?as7well?as7designingbuildingssotheyare

flexibleenoughtoabsorbvibrationswithoutfallingor

deteriorating.It'sveryimportanttodesignstructuresthat

canundergothissortofattack,particularlyinearthquake-

proneareas.

M)Anothercomponentofpreparednessiseducatingthe

public.TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS)andother

governmentagencieshaveproducedseveralbrochures

explainingtheprocessesinvolvedinanearthquakeandgiving

instructionsonhowtoprepareyourhouseforapossible

earthquake,aswellaswhattodowhenaquakehits.

N)Inthefuture,improvementsinpredictionand

preparednessshouldfurtherminimizethelossoflifeand

propertyassociatedwithearthquakes.Butitwillbealong

time,ifever,beforewe'11bereadyforeverysubstantial

earthquakethatmightoccur.Justlikesevereweatherand

disease,earthquakesareanunavoidableforcegeneratedby

thepowerfulnaturalprocessesthatshapeourplanet.Allwe

candoisincreaseourunderstandingofthephenomenonand

developbetterwaystodealwithit.

1.Earthquake-relatedfatalitiesareusuallycausedby

buildings,collapseandotherensuingnaturaldisasters,not

bytheshakinggrounditself.

2.Besidesmovementsoftheearth'splates,otherforces

suchasvolcaniceruptions,meteorimpactsandsoon,can

alsocauseearthquakes.

3.Earthquakesactuallyoccureveryday;mostofthemare

notbigenoughtogetourattention.

4.Peoplegenerallythinkthegroundbeneaththeirfeet

iscompletelystable,butearthquakesshatterthatideainno

time.

5.Wecannotpreventearthquakesbutwecanactivelyfind

betterwaystofacethem.

6.Earthquakesarehardlypredictable,andpeoplecannot

betoldwhenanearthquakeisgoingtooccur.

7.Scientistshavefoundoutforcesthatcause

earthquakesthroughyearsofefforts.

8.Architectsnowhavedesignedflexiblebuildingsto

minimizethedamagesofearthquakes.

9.Scientistsusethetheoryofplatetectonicsto

explaintheapparentmovementofcontinentsovertime.

10.Theconvergentplateboundariesrefertothelines

whereplatespushtowardeachother.

文章精要

地震危害巨大，了解地震對減少其帶來的損失有著重要意義。本

文講解了引發(fā)地震的因素、與地震相關(guān)的地殼板塊運動和地震的危害,

并指出即使人類還無法準確預(yù)測地震，但一些必要的防御措施能夠減

少地震帶來的損失。

答案解析

LE本題是對E段最后一句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。定位關(guān)鍵詞是

Earthquake-relatedfatalities。原文用it'snot.,,thatclaims

lives;it's...結(jié)構(gòu)指出“通常不是地殼晃動引起的死亡，而是伴

隨而來的房屋倒塌或其他自然災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致的死亡”，題目用...be

causedby...notby...結(jié)構(gòu)表達了同樣的意思。

2.C本題是對C段最后兩句的歸納，題目將兩句話的含義概括為

一句話。定位關(guān)鍵詞是movementsoftheearth$splates,

volcaniceruptions,meteorimpactso

3.D本題是對D段的總結(jié)。定位關(guān)鍵詞是getourattention。D

段首句就提到每天都會發(fā)生地震，最后一句提到只有大地震才能引起

人們的注意，本題就是