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2022屆重慶市七校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期11月月考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whenwillthelecturebegiven?A.OnJune10th.B.OnJune11th.C.OnJune12th.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Istodaythe10thofJune?Howtimeflies!M:Yes,andIhaveonemorelecturetogivethedayaftertomorrow.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatcausedthecompanysalestoincrease?A.Theonlinemarketingcampaign.B.Theextrasalespeople.C.Thediscountprices.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Howarethesalesfigureslooking?W:They’regreat!Wehadasharpriseaftertheonlinemarketingcampaignbegan.It’sbetterthanhiringextrasalespeople.M:Good!NowI’mthinkingofofferingsomediscountnextseason.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatisJimmydoing?A.Readingastorybook.B.Doinghishomework.C.Playingcomputergames.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whydon’tyougotobed,Jimmy?Areyoureadingthatstorybook?M:Oh,IjustrememberedIhadn’tdonemysciencehomeworkyet.I’msearchingonlineforsomeinformationaboutthat.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Forgivetheplayer.B.Kicktheplayerout.C.Apologizetotheplayer.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ikickedaplayeroutofourteamforhismisbehaviorlastweek.W:Iheardheapologizedandpromisednottodothatagain.Whynotgivehimasecondchance?M:Maybeyouareright.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoesthewomanusuallygetthebook?A.Intheshop.B.Inthesupermarket.C.OntheInternet.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Iwouldenjoylookingaroundthebookshop.It’sreallyenjoyable.W:Metoo.Ialwaysfindthebookintheshoporthesupermarketandthenbuyitonline!It’softenalotcheaper.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選岀最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thepreparationsforacamping.B.Thechangeableweather.C.Theirfavoritefood.7.Whatwillthemantake?A.Bread.B.Hamburgers.C.Cards.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Silvia.Areyougoingcampingwithus?W:Surely,yes.M:Great.Itshouldbegoodfununlesstheweathergetsbad.W:WhatdoIneedtotake?M:Well,whenIgethome,I’lltextyouthelistI’vemade.Youdon’tneedtoworryaboutfoodthough.I’vepackedenoughhamburgers.That’stheeasiestthingtomake.W:Fine.Incasewerunoutofhamburgers,I’lltakesometinsandbread.M:Goodidea.Ifyouwant,bringsomecards.Wecouldplayatnight.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題?!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatiswrongwiththewoman?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.C.Shehasasleepingproblem.9.Whatdidthewomandolastnight?A.Shepreparedforameeting.B.Sheattendedameeting.C.Shewenttobedearly.10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Quitthejob.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Havearest.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【解析】【原文】M:What’swrongwithyou?W:Myheadhurtsbadly.M:Doyouhaveafever?W:No.M:Howlonghasitbeenlikethis?W:Sincethenightbeforeyesterday.M:Doyouhaveasleepingproblem?W:No.Ialwaysgotobedearlyandsleepsound,uh,exceptlastnight.Iworkedlateintothenightpreparingforameeting.M:Ithinkyou’dbetterhaveafurtherexam,andbeforetheresultcomesout,trytorelax.W:Doyouhaveanymedicinetokillthepain?Ihavetoattendameetingthisafternoon.M:Beforetheresultcomesout,Ican’tgiveyouanymedicine.Iinsistyouhaveagoodrestfirst.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atatheater.B.Atahotel.C.Atasnackbar.12.Whatwouldthemanprobablydoat6p.m.tomorrow?A.Celebratetheirweddinganniversary.B.Attendaweddingceremony.C.Spendhis20thbirthday.13.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$100.B.$200.C.$300.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,MovieCenter.HowmayIhelpyou?M:Goodmorning.ThisisVinsonfromRoom808.I’dliketoknowsomethingaboutyourtheater.W:Verywell,Mr.Vinson.Wehavethreetheaters,onepublictheater,andtwoprivatetheatersforfivepeopleandtwopeoplerespectively.M:Emm…h(huán)owdoyouchargefortheprivateone?W:Thechargeforprivatetheateris$50perhourperperson.Drinksandsnacksareextra.M:Verywell.I’dliketoreservetheonefortwopeoplefrom6:00to9:00tomorrowevening.Tomorrowisthe20thanniversaryofourmarriage.Wewantacelebration.W:Whatexcitingnews!Congratulations,Mr.Vinson!M:Thankyouverymuch.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Herbrotherisdisturbingher.B.Shehasnodictionarytouse.C.Herparentscan’tgiveheranyadvice.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Tellherbrothertostop.B.Gotothelibrarytostudy.C.Askherparentsforhelp.17.Whatisthewomanembarrassedat?A.RememberinglittlefromHistory.B.Reviewingbysinginghernotes.C.Writingdownwhatshehasread.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Georgia.Howareyou?W:Hi.Notsogood.I’mgettingreallyannoyedwithmylittlebrotherJimatthemoment.I’mtryingtoreviewformyexamsandhekeepsstoppingmefromworking.Sometimeshelistenstomusiclateatnightwithhisradioonloudly;sometimesheborrowssomethingfrommethatIneedtouseforstudying,likemydictionaryorcomputer.Ican’tconcentrateonmyworkformorethanafewminutes.It’sterrible.M:Youshouldaskyourparentstodealwithyourbrother.Yourexamsaremoreimportant.Yourparentsshouldunderstandthat.W:That’sagoodidea,Matthew.I’llaskmydadforhelptonight.Mybrotherwilllistentohim.AndI’llalsothinkaboutgoingtothelibraryattheweekend.It’snicetohaveachangesometimeswhenyou’restudying.How’syourreviewgoing,Matthew?M:MyproblemisIjustcan’trememberanythingfromHistory.IreadapageandthentenminuteslaterI’veforgottenit.W:That’snotunusual.Youshouldtrywritingdownwhatyou’vejustread.It’samazinghowmuchmoreyouwillrememberthatway.SometimesIevensingmynotes.It’sabitembarrassing,butitwillhelptorememberlotsofinformation.M:Yes.I’lltrythoseideas.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,回答以下小題?!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.WhatwasthemainmealforpeopleinPrussiainthe18thcentury?A.Rice.B.Potatoes.C.Bread.19.Howdidpeoplefeelaboutthepotatoesinthepalacegarden?A.Disappointed.B.Curious.C.Anxious.20.Whatcanwelearnabouttheking?A.Hewasverysmart.B.Helikedmakingjokes.C.Hewascrazyaboutpotatoes.【答案】18.C19.B20.A【解析】【原文】M:OK!SomytalktonightiscalledPsychologyinAdvertising,butI’mgoingtostartwithalittlestory.Inthe18thcentury,hardlyanyoneinPrussiaatepotatoesorrice,becausethemainmealforalmosteveryonewasbread.Buttherewasaproblemwithbread:inthosedays,sometimesthewheatdidn’tgrowverywell,people,especiallypoorpeople,wouldhavenothingtoeat.SowhenthekingcalledFrederickheardaboutthepotato,heimmediatelyorderedeveryoneinthecountrytostartgrowingpotatoes.Buttohissurprise,theyrefused.Frederickwasaverycleverman,andalthoughtherewerenopsychologistsin1774,hecertainlyhadatalentforunderstandingthepsychologyofhispeople.Sohesooncameupwithaveryinterestingplan.First,heplantedpotatoesinhispalacegarden.Next,hesentsoldierstoguardit.Assoonaspeoplesawthegardenandthesoldiers,theystartedaskingeachother“Whatcouldbeinthatfieldthatisworthsomuch?”Andofcourse,assoonastheyfoundoutthatthefieldwasfullofpotatoes,theyallwantedsome.Yousee,oncepeoplebelievedtheywerenotallowedtoeatpotatoes,theyimmediatelywantedtohavethem.Andthat’sagoodpsychology.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),每小題2.5分,滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題,每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ALongIsland'shikingtrails(路線)offeranescapeforfamilytime.It'sarelaxingthingtodointhestressfultime,soopenyoursenses.SouthamptonTrailsManyguidedtrailsareruninHamptons,somesuitableforkids.BehindtheSouthForkNaturalHistoryMuseumisasmallfieldwithbutterfliesandbirdsflyingabout.Uponarrival,checkoutthepostedmapthatshowsthetrailsthroughthefieldswithaconnectionthatgoesallthewaytoSagHarbor.ArboretumStateHistoricPark,OysterBayHalftheparkiswoodlandthatincludesnaturewalksandagreenhouse.You'llseelotsofwildlifefromfoxestobirds,adelightforkids.PickupamaponthewebsiteandenjoythehistoricGoldCoastproperty.Walkerscanselectfromdifferentpaths,coveringaboutsixmilesintotal,aswellasalldifferentlengthstoaccommodatedifferentagesandabilities.RichardD.FowlerPreserve,SouthamptonApleasantshorthikerightinSouthamptonVillage.ThetrailbeginsneartheintersectionofWickapogueRoadandNarrowLaneandheadsthroughawoodedareawithariver.Dressproperly,foritcouldbealittlemuddy.Thetrailfeatureshedges(樹(shù)籬)alongonesideandplantingsalongtheother.Itreachesthesitewherethefirstsettlersspenttheirfirstwinterabout1640.Thistrailtakesaboutonehour.DownsFarmPreserve,CutchogueThisfamily-friendlyplaceisaneasywalkwiththetrailamilelong.It'saverypeacefullocationtoseewildlifeandbirds.Thetrailisflatandpushchair-friendly.You'llalsofindDownsRiver,withchairsalongthewaytorest.HometothedefenceworksoftheCorchaugIndians,thepreserveisontheNationalParkRegisterofHistoricPlacesandisconsideredancientland.21.WhatdoSouthamptonTrailsandArboretumStateHistoricParkhaveincommon?A.Theydistributefreetouristmaps.B.They'reconvenienttogetto.C.Theyofferguidedtrailsforallages.D.They'reidealplacesforbirdwatching.22.WhatcanyoudoinDownsFarmPreserve?A.Visitahistoricalsite.B.Appreciatethehillylandscape.C.Feedwildanimalsatrandom.D.CommunicatewithlocalIndians.23.Inwhichhikingtrailisappropriateclothingsuggested?A.SouthamptonTrails.B.ArboretumStateHistoricPark.C.RichardD.FowlerPreserve.D.DownsFarmPreserve.【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了長(zhǎng)島的四處適合徒步的旅游路線及景點(diǎn)?!?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SouthamptonTrails中的“BehindtheSouthForkNaturalHistoryMuseumisasmallfieldwithbutterfliesandbirdsflyingabout.”(在南??俗匀粴v史博物館后面是一個(gè)小場(chǎng)地,蝴蝶和鳥(niǎo)兒在那里飛來(lái)飛去)及ArboretumStateHistoricPark,OysterBay中的“You'llseelotsofwildlifefromfoxestobirds,adelightforkids.”(你會(huì)看到很多野生動(dòng)物,從狐貍到鳥(niǎo)類(lèi),孩子們都很喜歡)可知,SouthamptonTrails和ArboretumStateHistoricPark共同點(diǎn)是它們是觀鳥(niǎo)的理想場(chǎng)所。故選D項(xiàng)?!?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DownsFarmPreserve,Cutchogue中的“HometothedefenceworksoftheCorchaugIndians,thepreserveisontheNationalParkRegisterofHistoricPlacesandisconsideredancientland.”(該保護(hù)區(qū)是科爾喬格印第安人防御工程的所在地,被列入國(guó)家公園歷史遺跡名錄,被認(rèn)為是古老的土地)可知,在DownsFarmPreserve,人們可以參觀歷史遺跡。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RichardD.FowlerPreserve,Southampton中的“Dressproperly,foritcouldbealittlemuddy.”(穿合適的衣服,因?yàn)榭赡苡悬c(diǎn)泥濘)可知,在RichardD.FowlerPreserve這條路線中建議要穿合適的衣服。故選C項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】BAnITcompanyfromFinlandhasdevelopedanewfont(字體)whichusesmachinelearningtorewritebadlanguageintokinderwords.Morethanathirdofbullyingtakesplaceonline,andthenumbersareontherise,accordingtoareportbytheUnitedNations'educationalorganizationUNESCO.TietoEVRYdevelopedthePoliteTypefontasanewtooltodealwithonlinebullyingamongkids,pointingoutharmfullanguageandcausinguserstopickkinderwords.AsuserstrytowritehurtfulEnglishwords,thefontwillautomaticallyreplacethem.Writing"Ihateyou"would,forexample,resultinthemilder"Idisagreewithyou"whenPoliteTypeisusedonthecomputer.Sentencessuchas"youareugly"isreplacedwith"youarenottraditionallybeautiful"whilerudewordsareblurred(使模糊)completely.Thecompanysaysitisthefirstexamplewhereablurhasbeenusedasasymbolinafontpackage.Racialslurs(種族歧視語(yǔ))arereplacedwiththeracialgrouptheslurisrelatedto,ratherthanblurringthewordentirely.Thevocabularyofthefontwasco-createdwithteenagersfromFinland.Thefont'slibraryofwordswaschosentoincludelanguagefromdifferentorigins,religions,andworldviews,andwillmakeadjustmentsasmorepeopleandbusinessesuseit.Inthefuture,TietoEVRYsuggeststhatmachinelearningcouldbeusedtoteachthefonttounderstandhowlanguageisused.PoliteTypecanbenowdownloadedandusedforfree."Wewantbulliestorethinkthewordstheyuseandtheactualmeaningbehindthem,"saidKiaHaring,globalheadofcommunicationandsustainabilityatTietoEVRY."Ihopethatourcauseactsasawake-upcallforallaudiencestoconsiderhowbullyingcouldbehandled."24.WhatisspecialaboutthePoliteTypefontaccordingtothetext?A.Itincludesawidervocabulary.B.Itconsistsofwordsandsymbols.C.Ithidesalltheunusualexpressions.D.Itpreferslongsentencestoshortones.25.WhatcanweexpectofthePoliteTypefontinthefuture?A.Itwillbeconstantlyupdated.B.Moreracialgroupswilluseit.C.Itwillhavemorewordsblurred.D.Userswillbechargedwithusingit.26.WhatdoesKiaHaringthinkofcreatingthePoliteTypefont?A.Imperfect.B.Unsuccessful.C.Difficult.D.Inspiring.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PoliteType:theself-developingfontB.AfontautomaticallyavoidsracialslursC.AfontdesignedtofightonlinebullyingD.Showotherskindnessbyusinganewfont【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了一種專(zhuān)門(mén)用來(lái)對(duì)付網(wǎng)上欺凌的字體?!?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AsuserstrytowritehurtfulEnglishwords,thefontwillautomaticallyreplacethem.(當(dāng)用戶試圖寫(xiě)傷人的英語(yǔ)單詞時(shí),該字體會(huì)自動(dòng)替換它們。)”以及“Thecompanysaysitisthefirstexamplewhereablurhasbeenusedasasymbolinafontpackage.(該公司表示,這是第一個(gè)在字體包中使用模糊符號(hào)的例子。)”可知,PoliteType字體的特別之處是它既包含單詞也包含符號(hào)。故選B?!?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thefont'slibraryofwordswaschosentoincludelanguagefromdifferentorigins,religions,andworldviews,andwillmakeadjustmentsasmorepeopleandbusinessesuseit.Inthefuture,TietoEVRYsuggeststhatmachinelearningcouldbeusedtoteachthefonttounderstandhowlanguageisused.(該字體的詞匯庫(kù)包括了來(lái)自不同起源、宗教和世界觀的語(yǔ)言,并將隨著更多的人和企業(yè)使用它而做出調(diào)整。TietoEVRY認(rèn)為,在未來(lái),機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)可以用來(lái)教字體理解語(yǔ)言是如何使用的。)”可知,在未來(lái),PoliteType這種字體會(huì)不斷更新。故選A。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wewantbulliestorethinkthewordstheyuseandtheactualmeaningbehindthem,(我們希望欺凌者重新思考他們使用的詞語(yǔ)和背后的實(shí)際含義)”以及“Ihopethatourcauseactsasawake-upcallforallaudiencestoconsiderhowbullyingcouldbehandled.(我希望我們的事業(yè)為所有受眾敲響警鐘,讓他們考慮如何應(yīng)對(duì)欺凌。)”可知,KiaHaring認(rèn)為PoliteType字體的創(chuàng)建是具有啟發(fā)意義的。故選D。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。閱讀全文尤其第二段的“TietoEVRYdevelopedthePoliteTypefontasanewtooltodealwithonlinebullyingamongkids,pointingoutharmfullanguageandcausinguserstopickkinderwords.(TietoEVRY開(kāi)發(fā)了這款PoliteType字體,作為一種新的工具來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)孩子們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌,指出有害的語(yǔ)言,并促使用戶選擇更友好的詞語(yǔ)。)”可知,本文主要介紹了一款應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的字體——PoliteType。C選項(xiàng)(一種旨在對(duì)抗網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的字體)為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。CSportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parentsandotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreatetoomuchanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindflawsinthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsopayattentionthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsettingyoungathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.Positivesupportshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivesupportmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Againcriticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.28.Aneffectivewaytopreventthebumoutofyoungathletesis________.A.tomakesportlesscompetitiveB.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccessC.toreducetheirmentalstressD.tomakesportmorechallenging29.Accordingtothepassage,sportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat________.A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyB.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesC.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiencesD.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves30.Accordingtothepassage,parentsandcoachesshould________.A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportB.helpchildrentowineverygameC.trainchildrentocopewithstressD.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsport31Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutB.topersuadechildrennottoworryaboutcriticismC.tostresstheimportanceofpositivesupporttochildrenD.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement【答案】28.C29.C30.A31.C【解析】【分析】本文為一篇議論文。體育運(yùn)動(dòng)既是對(duì)人的體力的挑戰(zhàn),也是對(duì)人的心理的挑戰(zhàn)。在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中,父母和教練應(yīng)對(duì)孩子多鼓勵(lì),少批評(píng),讓孩子用積極的心態(tài)去迎接挑戰(zhàn)?!?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.(壓力可以是身體上的,情感上的,也可以是心理上的,研究表明它會(huì)導(dǎo)致精疲力竭)”可知,減少青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員的心理壓力是防止其身心疲勞的有效途徑。故選C項(xiàng)?!?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.(運(yùn)動(dòng)環(huán)境是一個(gè)可以獲得寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)的地方)”可知,年輕人喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)是因?yàn)樗梢詾樗麄兲峁氋F的經(jīng)歷。故選C項(xiàng)?!?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.(在如今的青少年體育環(huán)境中,年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員可能更擔(dān)心誰(shuí)會(huì)贏,而不是享受自己和這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。在一場(chǎng)比賽之后,許多家長(zhǎng)和教練都會(huì)關(guān)注比賽的結(jié)果,并對(duì)孩子們的表現(xiàn)挑刺)”可推斷,家長(zhǎng)和教練正確的做法是讓孩子們享受體育活動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)?!?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容,尤其第三段“positivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.(積極的鼓勵(lì)比批評(píng)更能激勵(lì)學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有更大的影響)”可知,作者通過(guò)陳述壓力對(duì)孩子參加運(yùn)動(dòng)的諸多負(fù)面影響,使父母和教練意識(shí)到只有多鼓勵(lì)、少批評(píng),才能讓孩子喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此推知,作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)鼓勵(lì)孩子的重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。DIfhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霜)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight—darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowsonEarth-iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁鐵).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.32.Whichofthefollowingshasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedword“diurnal”inParagraph1?A.Everyday.B.Routine.C.DaytimeD.Nighttime.33.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto________.A.provideexamplesofanimalprotectionB.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined34.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat________.A.lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse35.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagicLight.B.TheOrangeHaze.C.TheDisappearingNight.D.TheRhythmsofNature.【答案】32C33.B34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如今人類(lèi)使夜晚充滿了人造光線,使得夜晚不再黑暗,但這么做所造成的光污染對(duì)人與動(dòng)物的危害是巨大的?!?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的)speciesonthisplanet.”(如果人類(lèi)真的在月亮和星星的光下呆在家里,我們也可以快樂(lè)地生活在黑暗中,午夜的世界對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)是可見(jiàn)的,就像對(duì)大量夜間活動(dòng)的生物一樣。)和第二句“Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.”(相反,我們是白天活動(dòng)的生物,眼睛適應(yīng)在陽(yáng)光下生活。)可知,前一句假設(shè)人類(lèi)也像夜間生物一樣,后一句轉(zhuǎn)折,人類(lèi)并不是夜間生物而是白天活動(dòng)的生物。由此可知?jiǎng)澗€詞diurnal(白天的;日間活動(dòng)的)與選項(xiàng)C.Daytime意思相近。故選C?!?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.”(這種效應(yīng)是如此強(qiáng)烈,以至于科學(xué)家們說(shuō),陸地上的探照燈或海洋石油平臺(tái)上的氣體照明彈發(fā)出的光,會(huì)“捕捉”到鳴禽和海鳥(niǎo))以及第五段第一句“Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.”(生活在燈火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙在夜間受到比平時(shí)高出一百萬(wàn)倍的強(qiáng)光照射,幾乎使它們的所有行為都失常了,包括它們?cè)谝归g繁殖時(shí)發(fā)出的叫聲。)可以推知,作者提到鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和青蛙來(lái)說(shuō)明光污染是如何影響動(dòng)物的。故選B?!?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.(從非常真實(shí)的意義上說(shuō),光污染使我們看不見(jiàn)自己在宇宙中的真實(shí)位置,忘記了我們自身的規(guī)模,而這個(gè)規(guī)模是最好的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是用銀河系——我們星系的邊緣——拱形的頭頂上的黑夜的維度來(lái)衡量的)”可推斷,最后一段暗示人類(lèi)應(yīng)該反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故選D?!?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)設(shè)計(jì)了人造光改變了宇宙自然平衡,描述了光污染對(duì)人與動(dòng)物造成的危害。再結(jié)合第一段最后一句“Yetit'stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe'vedonetothenight:we'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.(然而,這是我們對(duì)夜晚所做的唯一解釋?zhuān)何覀兺ㄟ^(guò)讓它充滿設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)的光來(lái)接受我們”)可知,選項(xiàng)C.TheDisappearingNight.(正在消失的夜晚)可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C?!军c(diǎn)睛】第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thesunflower,nativetoNorthAmerica,isnowcultivatedworldwide,withAntarcticatheonlycontinentwhereitisnotgrown.___36___Theyfoundthisplantcouldprovidethemwithavarietyofusefulproducts.Bypointingorgrinding,theseedswereturnedintoflourandusedtomakebread.Oil,alsousedinbreadmaking,wasobtainedbysqueezingtheseeds.Thenativepeopleenjoyedeatingtheseedsasahealthysnackfood.___37___.NativeAmericansalsousedtheoilsofthesunflowerforhairgrooming.Purpleandyellowhairdyesweremadefromsunflowersandusedasbodypaintandawaytodecoratetextilesandbaskets.Thedriedstalks,beinglightandstrong,wereidealforuseasabuildingmaterial.___38___Theybelieveditwasagooddressingforwoundsandcouldtreatsnakebiteseffectively.Todaythereareoversixtyvarietiesofsunflowerswhichareusedtoproduceawiderangeofproductsforbothhumanandanimalconsumption.___39___Thematerialwhichisleftafterthepressingiscalled"presscake"andisusedtomakefeedforlivestock.Thesunflowerseedsmakeanexcellentsnackfoodwhenroastedorevenraw.Theentireseedisoftenusedincommercialbirdseedmixturesfordomesticandwildbirds.___40___Industryusessunfloweroilintheproductionofpaint,soaps,candlesandmanyotherproducts.However,rememberinghowbeautifulthesunflowerlooks,whatgardenerwouldn'tlovetohavesomeofthesetall,showyplantstobeautifyhisorhergarden?A.Sunfloweroilforcookingisobtainedbypressingtheseeds.B.Manypeopleenjoythehealthybreadproducedfromsunflowerseedflour.C.Thenutrientsintheseseedsmayreduceyourriskofcommonhealthproblems.D.ThesunflowerfollowsthesuninitstravelsacrosstheskyfromDawsonuntildusk.E.ThesunflowerwasalsousedbyNativeAmericansforavarietyofmedicinalpurposes.F.NativepeopleofNorthAmericastartedcultivatingthesunflowerover5,000yearsago.G.However,thesunflowerprovidedmanyproductswhichwerenotusedinfoodapplications.【答案】36.F37.G38.E39.A40.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了向日葵的種植以及一些從向日葵中產(chǎn)出的產(chǎn)品?!?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thesunflower,nativetoNorthAmerica,isnowcultivatedworldwide,withAntarcticatheonlycontinentwhereitisnotgrown.(向日葵原產(chǎn)于北美洲,現(xiàn)在全世界都有種植,南極洲是唯一一個(gè)不種植它的大陸)”可知,上文提到了向日葵在北美洲的種植情況,F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中NorthAmerica對(duì)應(yīng)上文中NorthAmerica。故F選項(xiàng)“北美的原住民在5000年前就開(kāi)始種植向日葵了”符合語(yǔ)境,且下文的They就指代的是北美洲的原住民。故選F。【37題詳解】根據(jù)后文“NativeAmeric
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