高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法課件

Aguidetowordformation構(gòu)詞法

Whydowelearnwordformation?Becauseitcreatesaseaofwords.……木楊、榕、桂、杉钅鐵、釘、錢、銀讠說、話、講、談InChinese,InEnglish，構(gòu)詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）縮略法（Abbreviation）addingaprefixorsuffixchangingthepartofspeechcombiningtwoormorewordsshorteningsomewords

派生法（Derivation）Prefix前綴Root詞根Suffix后綴Derivation（派生）anewwordunbelievableableun詞根root前綴prefix后綴suffixWhatprefixesandsuffixeshavewelearnt?un-否定前綴dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible前綴含義例詞rewrite;remarry,rethinkex-husband;ex-loverforeword（前言）;forethought(先見)post-reading;post-election;post-warpre-reading,pre-prepared,pre-adolescentmidnight,midsummer,midautumn前綴含義例詞re-rewrite;remarry,rethinkex-ex-husband;ex-loverforeforeword（前言）;forethought(先見)postpost-reading;post-election;post-warpre-pre-reading,pre-prepared,pre-adolescentmid-midnight,midsummer,midautumntimeandorderagain,backformerbeforeafterbeforemiddle前綴含義例詞transtranslate,transportinter-international;internetex-export,exitforeforehead,forearm,forelegunderunderground,underlinein,im-inside,importfromoneplacetoanotherbetween,amongoutfrontpartofbelowLocative

前綴含義例詞monomonologue(獨白)，bi-bicycle,bilateral(雙邊的，雙方的)tri-triangle（三角形）,tricolorsemi-semicircle（半圓）;semifinal（半決賽）;multi-multi-national;multi-media;multi-culturalNumber

onetwothreehalfmany前綴含義例詞mini-mini-bus;mini-bike;mini-cameraover-over-anxious;over-active;over-confidentextra-extra-solar;extra-curriculum;micro-microfilm;microcomputersuper-supermarket;superpower,superman,out-outnumberoutperformlittleexcessive過于(beyond超出范圍...以外)verysmallmorethan,beyondDegreeorSizebeyond2.suffixes

Noun后綴例詞+erteacher,worker,reader,farmer,writer+ordoctor,visitor,actor,inventor+essactress,hostess,waitress+istscientists,artist,dentist+arbeggar+eseChinese,Japanese,+icianmusician,physician(醫(yī)生)people后綴例詞v.+mentargument;judgment;entertainment;-nesshappiness;illness-shipleadership;friendship;ownershipn.+fulmouthful;handful;spoonful;glassful-ismsocialism;materialism-alrefusal;arrival;approval;Noun.Adj.后綴例詞-alnational;personal;industrial-anAmerican;African;European-ernwestern;eastern;northern-ablereasonable,believable,unbearable-fuluseful;careful;cheerful;beautiful-ishchildish;selfish;foolish-iveactive;creative,positive后綴例詞-ousvarious;anxious,;nervous-sometroublesome;lonesome,tiresome-likechildlike;womanlike;fatherlike-lyfriendly,lovely,orderly-lesscareless,harmless,homelessVerb后綴例詞-enwiden,strengthen,shorten,quicken-fybeautify,simplify,purify,satisfyizeorganize,realize,nationalize(國有化)

前綴prefix

后綴suffix否定前綴其它前綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴動詞后綴位置數(shù)量程度、大小時間、順序(1)觀察以上組別的單詞，加了前綴、后綴之后單詞的詞義與詞性(partofspeech)改變了嗎？(2)一個前綴只有一種含義嗎？（3）同一后綴只有一種詞性嗎？Rules:1.加前綴一般只改變_____________.

加后綴往往改變了______________.2.一個前綴可以有

個意思；一個后綴也可以使單詞有

種詞性。詞義詞性多多總結(jié)規(guī)律：warprewarinterwarpostwar戰(zhàn)前的兩次戰(zhàn)爭期間的戰(zhàn)后的Howtouseit???pre-before

在……前的pre+view=previewpre+pay=prepay(預(yù)習(xí))(預(yù)付)inter-between

在……之間，相互interpersonalinternational（人與人之間的）（國際間的）post-after在……后的

postgraduatepostgame（研究生）（賽后）activityreactactoractiveactionactactressreaction反應(yīng)

合成法(Compounding)把兩個或兩個以上的詞素放到一起構(gòu)成一個新的詞匯batman＋＝sleep-walk夢游pain-killer＋＝止痛藥Those“l(fā)adies”arebeautiful.shemaleshe+maleGender(性別):MaleorFemale?lady+boyladyboy

Brainstormsunsunglassessunlightsunrisesunshinesunburntsunsetsunflowersunbathsuncream…1．合成名詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞＋名詞名詞＋動詞名詞＋動詞-ing形式名詞＋介詞名詞＋介詞＋名詞代詞＋名詞動詞＋名詞動詞＋副詞動詞-ing形式＋名詞形容詞＋名詞副詞＋名詞介詞＋名詞weekend周末daybreak黎明handwriting書法looker-on旁觀者editor-in-chief總編輯she-wolf母狼typewriter打字機sit-up仰臥起坐reading-room閱覽室gentleman紳士overcoat大衣afternoon下午小紅本P5[即時測試1]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的構(gòu)成方式及含義(1)(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Anewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurban城市的

areasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.構(gòu)成方式：____________________含義：___________(2)(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.構(gòu)成方式：________________含義：______________(3)(人教選必二U2)WhenIgotlost,Ihadtoaskpassers-by

forhelp,butpeopleherespeakfastandusewordsI'mnotfamiliarwith.構(gòu)成方式：________________含義：____________(4)(譯林必修二U2)Strengthtraining,suchaspull-upsandweightlifting,increasesmusclestrengthandencouragesbonedevelopment.構(gòu)成方式：________________含義：________________副詞＋名詞幸福名詞＋名詞去公園的人小紅本P5名詞＋介詞路人動詞＋副詞引體向上2．合成形容詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞＋形容詞名詞＋動詞-ing形式名詞＋介詞＋名詞名詞＋動詞-ed形式數(shù)詞＋名詞數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞數(shù)詞＋副詞動詞＋副詞snow-white雪白的English-speaking講英語的face-to-face面對面的man-made人造的one-way單行的two-year-old兩歲的first-ever首次的see-through透明的構(gòu)成方式例詞形容詞＋名詞形容詞＋形容詞形容詞＋動詞-ing形式副詞＋形容詞副詞＋動詞-ing形式副詞＋動詞-ed形式副詞＋名詞high-class高級的light-blue淺藍色的good-looking相貌好看的ever-green常青的hard-working勤勞的well-known著名的downhill下坡的[即時測試2]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的構(gòu)成方式及含義(1)(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Hedevelopedagreenhouse-like

facilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.構(gòu)成方式：____________________含義：________________(2)(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Inafollow-up

studywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.構(gòu)成方式：__________________含義：__________________(3)(2023·全國甲卷)Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-lit

dinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.構(gòu)成方式：___________________含義：______________(4)(2023·全國乙卷)Afterwefoundacrazy-looking

roadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.構(gòu)成方式：______________________含義：______________名詞＋形容詞類似溫室的動詞＋副詞后續(xù)的小紅本P6樣子古怪的名詞＋動詞-ed形式點著蠟燭的形容詞＋動詞-ing形式3．合成動詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞＋動詞形容詞＋動詞副詞＋動詞sleep-walk夢游white-wash粉刷uplift鼓勵；激勵[即時測試3]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的構(gòu)成方式及含義(1)(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.構(gòu)成方式：______________含義：______________(2)(2022·全國甲卷)Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-started

whatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.構(gòu)成方式：______________含義：______________(3)(2021·全國甲卷)It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.構(gòu)成方式：_____________

含義：_______________名詞＋動詞自我修復(fù)名詞＋動詞啟動形容詞＋動詞把……列入黑名單小紅本P64．合成副詞構(gòu)成方式例詞形容詞＋名詞形容詞＋副詞副詞＋副詞介詞＋名詞介詞＋副詞hot-foot匆忙地everywhere到處however盡管如此beforehand事先forever永遠混成法/混合法(Blending)

混成法，即將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞的構(gòu)詞方法。后半部分表示主體；前半部分表示屬性。newsbroadcast→newscast

新聞廣播televisionbroadcast→telecast

電視廣播smokeandfog→smog

煙霧

helicopterairport→heliport

直升機場

轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）春風(fēng)又綠江南岸。驢不勝怒，蹄之。形容詞動詞名詞動詞單詞可從一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化前后的意義聯(lián)系密切。2.Therainpoureddown.rain動詞rain名詞1.Itrainscatsanddogs.Guessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandtheirpartofspeech(詞性)1.TaylorSwiftisherfavourite

singer.2.ShelovesalotofsingersbutTaylorSwiftisherfavourite.

n.意為“最喜愛的東西或人”a.意為“最喜愛的”3.TouristsmusttryhotpotwhentheyvisitSichuan.4.Hotpotisa

mustforalltouriststotasteinSichuan.n.意為“必須做（買、看）的事”v.意為“必須做”5.Thechildwaslookingatthechocolatecakewithhisgreedyeyes.6.Thechildwaseyeingthechocolatecakegreedily.v.意為“注視”n.意為“眼睛”動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞[即時測試]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的詞性及含義1．master

v．掌握；精通n．大師；碩士(1)(人教必修一U3)Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.____________(2)Theprogramrequiresstudentstomasteratleasttwobasicphysicalexerciseskillsanddosportsforatleastonehouraday.____________(3)(人教必修二U5)Hegraduatedfromuniversityin1995,andthenreceivedamaster'sdegreeinmusicalcomposition創(chuàng)作，作曲

fromtheJuilliardSchoolinNewYorkin1997.____________n.大師v.掌握n.碩士小紅本P42．cover

v．覆蓋；涵蓋；包括n．封皮(1)(外研必修一U6)Duringautumn,thesesamemountainsaregold,andinwintertheyarecoveredinsheets被單，片材ofwhitefrost霜.____________(2)(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Toserveitsfunction發(fā)揮作用,abookmustbeactivated激活byauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted分離,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.____________(3)(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill風(fēng)車房,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.____________v.覆蓋n.封皮v.涵蓋；包括小紅本P4名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞物件、身體部位、某類人的名詞某些抽象名詞[即時測試]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的詞性及含義3．honour

n．榮譽；榮幸vt.尊敬，尊重；給予表揚；紀(jì)念(1)Nextmonth,thecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribleearthquake.____________(2)(人教選必三U4)Shackletonwasoneofthemostfamousexplorersofhisdayanditwasconsideredagreathonourtobepartofhisexpeditions探險.____________(3)(人教選必二U1)On31October2009,thewholecountrywassaddened使悲傷byQian'sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.

____________vt.紀(jì)念n.榮幸vt.尊敬，尊重小紅本P44．power

n．權(quán)力；能力；有影響力的大國v．驅(qū)動，推動(1)(人教選必三U2)Youhavethepowertobuildahappyandhealthylifefullofgoodhabits!____________(2)(人教選必一U1)Circumstances環(huán)境，條件changedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.____________(3)Inthepastmostmotorvehicleswerepoweredbyburningpetrol,whichproducesgreenhousegases.____________(4)Thisyearwasmarkedbyamajoradjustmentintherelationsbetweenworldpowers._____________________n.能力n.權(quán)力v.驅(qū)動，推動n.有影響力的大國小紅本P4名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞名詞可以直接用作定語修飾另一個名詞，即不需要加形容詞詞尾，也不需要任何格式的變化。[即時測試]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的詞性及含義5．expert

n．專家adj.熟練的；內(nèi)行的(1)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattended陪同；處理，照料；出席，參加QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.____________________(2)(人教必修二U1)Experts

investigated偵查，調(diào)查theissue,conducted實施severaltests,andthenmadeaproposal提議，建議

forhowthebuildingscouldbesaved.____________adj.熟練的；內(nèi)行的n.專家小紅本P46．flat

n．公寓，套房adj.平躺的；平坦的；撒了氣的(1)Britishpeopletendtouseflat

whileAmericangenerallyuseapartment.____________(2)(人教必修一U2)PERUisacountryonthePacific太平洋(的)coastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas：narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest._________________(3)Wehadaflattyre(輪胎)andIwastryingtochangethewheel._________________n.公寓，套房adj.平坦的adj.撒了氣的小紅本P4形容詞詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞/副詞有些形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞，表示“使……變得、成為”形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞時常用于修飾介賓短語[即時測試]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的詞性及含義7．a(chǎn)verage

adj.平均的，普通的v．平均(1)(人教選必三U3)Thenwhatiscausingtheincrease增加，增長

intheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?____________(2)(人教選必二U4)Edmontonisfreezing極冷的，冰凍的coldinwinter,withdailytemperaturesaveraging

－10℃.____________(3)(外研選必四U6)Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents,allthreeastronautsoftheApollo11mission使命，指責(zé)，重要任務(wù)

madeitsafelybacktoEarth.____________adj.平均的v.平均adj.普通的小紅本P48．right

adj.正確的；恰當(dāng)?shù)腶dv.正好(在某個位置)(1)(2023·全國甲卷)Thebesttableinthistwo-story兩層樓的

colonial/k??l??ni?l/殖民地的

Thaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen.________________________(2)(人教選必二U3)Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.____________________(3)(人教必修二U1)Findingandkeepingtherightbalancebetweenprogress進步

andtheprotectionofculturalsites文化遺址canbeabigchallenge.____________adv.正好(在某個位置)adj.正確的adj.恰當(dāng)?shù)男〖t本P4一詞多義

除了術(shù)語，多數(shù)的詞都是多義詞。要準(zhǔn)確把握詞義，就要利用語境，即理解其所在的句子、段落或語篇。[即時測試]——寫出下列句子中加黑詞的詞性及含義9．track

n．軌道；路線，方向；足跡，痕跡；小路v．追蹤；跟蹤(1)(人教選必一U2)Smarttoilets抽水馬桶，廁所willbekeepingconstant持續(xù)不斷的

trackofyourhealthaswell.____________(2)(人教選必二U3)Ifyouareusingfoodmostlyfornutrition營養(yǎng),thenyouareontherighttrackwithyourdiet.____________(3)(人教選必四U4)Ittakesme

onlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownadustytrack

coveredinweeds.____________(4)Heputscamerasinsidenestingboxes巢箱

totrackthebirds'sleepingpatterns模式，方式.____________n.痕跡n.路線，方向小紅本P5n.小路v.跟蹤10．strike

n.罷工；侵襲v．撞擊；給(某人以……)印象；侵襲；擦，劃(火柴)；突然想到；罷工；(時鐘)敲響【strike--struck--struck/striken】(1)(人教必修一U4)Theunderseaquakestruckaround7：00a．m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.____________(2)(人教必修二U2)Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass,I'mstruckbytheirbeauty.______________________v.侵襲v.給(某人以……)印象小紅本P5bestruckby為……所感動，被……所觸動，被……打動

縮略法（Abbreviation）VeryImportantPersonChiefExecutiveOfficerChinaCentralTelevisionWorldTradeOrganizationVirtualRealityPhotoshopVIPCEOCCTVWTOVRPS單詞首字母縮略1．截頭telephone→phone

aeroplane→plane

omnibus→bus

earthquake→quake

telescope→scope望遠鏡2．去尾examination→exam

kilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab

taxicab→taxi

advertisement→ad

application→app3．截頭去尾influenza→flu流感

refrigerator→fridge

prescription→script處方截頭去尾：詞義和詞性保持不變WordFormation構(gòu)詞法Abbreviation(縮寫)Compounding(合成)Conversion(轉(zhuǎn)化)Derivation(派生)Prefix前綴Suffix后綴SummaryⅠ.根據(jù)漢語意思及構(gòu)詞法寫出派生詞或合成詞1．________________adj.

高品質(zhì)的2．________________n. 自我寬恕3．________________adv. 預(yù)先，事先4．________________n. 剪紙5．________________adj. 志同道合的6．________________adj. 空手的；一無所獲的7．________________adj. 令人垂涎欲滴的8．________________adj. 激烈的9．________________v. 使負擔(dān)過重10．________________n. 激動；興奮high-qualityself-forgivenessbeforehandpaper-cuttinglike-mindedempty-handedmouth-wateringhard-foughtoverburdenexcitement小紅本P7Ⅱ.真題感悟：寫出下列句子中加黑詞的構(gòu)詞法及含義1．(2023·全國甲卷)Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-free

placewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits.構(gòu)詞法：________________________含義：______________2．(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.構(gòu)詞法：________________含義：______________3．(2023·全國甲卷)TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.構(gòu)詞法：______________________含義：______________4．(2022·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Yet，bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皺)paper.構(gòu)詞法：________________含義：______________5．(2022·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Wefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution.構(gòu)詞法：________________含義：______________合成法(名詞＋形容詞)派生法無引誘劑的有相互關(guān)系的合成法(形容詞＋名詞)派生法派生法野生動物不完美相互作用Ⅲ.選出下列句子中加黑詞的詞性及含義1．(1)MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduate

returningtoteach,andthisjobwasnogameforhim.________(2)(人教必修一U1)IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage,butIhopetobefluentwhenIgraduate.________A.v.畢業(yè)B．n.畢業(yè)生2．(1)(人教必修二U1)Inthe1950s,theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods,produceelectricity,andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.________(2)(人教選必一U2)Thisway,youwillbeabletofixtheproblembeforeyourhomebecomesfloodedorcatchesfire.________A.n.洪水B．v.淹沒BAAB3．(1)(人教選必一U5)Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.________(2)Overcomewithbitterdisappointmentathisfailingtowinaprize,helockedhimselfinhisroom.________(3)Theresidentsweretryingtoescapefromthefirebuttheywereovercomebysmoke.________A.vt.受到……的極大影響B(tài)．vt.熏倒，熏死

C.vt.克服CABⅣ.語法填空(2024·溫州一模)Gathertogetheracoupleofgoodfriendsandtakealeisurely慢悠悠的，從容地

walkthroughthestreets—thisis1.____________manyyoungsters年輕人，小孩

inChinaenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,Citywalkmeansroaming(漫步)aroundthecityonfoot步行.Itcanbeaspecial2.____________(guide)tripforasmallgroupofpeople,3.____________simplyaleisurelywalkforoneortwotoexplorenewareas,stickingto堅持thekeypoint:avoidingfamousscenicspots景點

andbigcrowdstogain4.____________moreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.whatguidedoraCitywalknotonlyoffersawayforyoungpeopletointeractwith與相互作用

acitybutalso5.____________(provide)themwithanewsocialscene社交場景.XiaoYiyi,aCitywalk6.____________(enthusiastic熱情的),launched發(fā)起

herChangsharouteonhersocialmediaaccount社交媒體賬號,includingmoreoffbeat離奇的，標(biāo)新立異的

sightslikehistoricalsites歷史遺跡

andevenastop-off中途分道；中途停留

7.____________(samplen.樣品v.品嘗)thelocalcuisine烹飪，菜肴.Manytourguidesalsotrytoexpand擴大，增加theirinfluenceonline,8.____________(share)theirexperienc