高中英語北師大版選擇性必修一UNIT 2 Period 6　Focus on Language-Verb -ing Form Articles

Period6FocusonLanguage—Verb-ingForm&ArticlesⅠ.請認(rèn)真閱讀下列句子，感悟體會句子中黑體部分的用法。1．Foralotofpeople，becomingamillionaireisasymbolofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.2．...butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon’tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.3．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.4．ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguiltybeingarichmanwithoutdoinganything.5．Myfavouriteactivityisreadingcomedystories.以上句中黑體單詞均為動詞-ing形式，它是動詞的非謂語形式之一。在句中可充當(dāng)主語，如句1；可充當(dāng)賓語，如句2,3，和4;也可以充當(dāng)表語，如句5,以及其他句子成分等。Ⅱ.感知以下句子，完成方框下的小題。1．WhydoOlympicathletespushthemselvestothelimits?2．...Imissbirthdayparties，ruinfamilyholidaysandskipnightsout...3．“We’reworriedaboutyou，”saidmyfriendfromacrossthetable.4．Don’ttheyknowhowharditistobeatthetopinsport?5．...becauseIwastoobusyhiringacarindowntownJohannesburg...6．...Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.7．...Iwastheonlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.8．Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachthewinner’splatform，youhadbetterbetotallycommittedtoyoursport.以上黑體單詞均為冠詞，冠詞共有三個，分別是定冠詞the和不定冠詞a和an。不定冠詞通常表示不確定，即泛指。a用在發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面，如句5和句7；an用于發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的單詞前，如句6。定冠詞the一般表示確定，即特指，如句1,3,4,7,8。但有些名詞前既不用定冠詞，也不用不定冠詞，稱作零冠詞，如句2。動詞-ing形式動詞-ing形式是英語非謂語動詞的重要組成部分，可以在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補語。此處重點講解其作主語、賓語和表語的三種情況。一、v.-ing形式作主語1．v.-ing形式作主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。Lackingworkexperiencemadethenewteacherhaveahardtime.缺乏工作經(jīng)驗讓這位新教師過得很艱難。Playingbasketballisoneofmyfavoritesports.打籃球是我最喜歡的運動之一。注意：動詞的不定式也可作主語，多表示特指的、一次性的、具體的動作。Beinginvitedtotheballmadeherveryexcited.被邀請參加這次舞會使得她非常興奮。Tobeinvitedtotheballwouldbeexciting.受邀參加這次舞會將是令人興奮的。2．v.-ing形式作主語有時也可以用it作形式主語。用it作形式主語代替v.-ing形式，常出現(xiàn)在Itisnouse/good/pleasure/...doingsth；Itisuselessdoingsth；It’sawasteoftimedoingsth等幾種句式中。Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.為打翻的牛奶而哭泣是沒有用的(覆水難收)。Itisreallyawasteoftimechattingonline.在網(wǎng)上聊天真的是浪費時間。3．單個v.-ing形式作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Plantingmanytreesisverygoodforourenvironment.多植樹對我們的環(huán)境非常有好處。二、v.-ing形式作賓語v．-ing形式作賓語分為兩種情況，一種是作及物動詞的賓語，另一種是作介詞的賓語。1．牢記下列用v.-ing形式作賓語的動詞：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，imagine，mind，practise，risk，suggest，mention，miss，finish，keep，allow，advise，permit等。Theteacheradvisedpractisingreadingafterthetapetoimprovemypronunciation.老師建議練習(xí)跟著磁帶讀以提高我的發(fā)音。2．只能接v.-ing形式作賓語的動詞短語有：can’thelp，endup，feellike，bebusy(in)，prevent/stop/keep...from...，devote/applyoneselfto...，lookforwardto，payattentionto，beaccustomed/usedto，getdownto，stickto，leadto，objectto，burstout，setabout等。Manyeducationistsobjecttosearchingforanswersthroughsomeapps.許多教育家反對通過一些應(yīng)用程序來搜索答案。3．當(dāng)動詞need，require，want意為“需要”，deserve表示“應(yīng)得，值得”時，后跟動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式作賓語，意義沒有區(qū)別。Mycellphoneneedsrepairing/toberepaired.我的手機需要修理。Hisproposaldeservedpraising/tobepraised.他的建議應(yīng)該得到表揚。4．在有些動詞如：start，begin，continue等后面，既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續(xù)工作，似乎什么也沒發(fā)生過。5．在love，hate，prefer，like等動詞后接v.-ing形式作賓語指經(jīng)常性的動作；用不定式作賓語，指一次性的、具體的動作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨時他寧愿待在家里。(用動詞-ing形式作賓語，指每逢下雨都待在家里)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動詞不定式作賓語，表示今天下午留在家里這一具體的動作)6．有些動詞和動詞短語后跟動詞不定式或動名詞作賓語皆可，但含義不同。常見的有：動詞賓語的形式意義forgettodo忘記去做……doing忘記做過……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力/努力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算/有意做……doing意味著……stoptodo停下來去做(另外一件事)doing停止做(同一件事)goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請記著代我向你的家人問好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。Summervacationistheperfecttimetocatchuponthenewbooksyoumeanttoread.暑假是補看你想讀的新書的最佳時間。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯過了這班火車就意味著要再等一個小時。三、v.-ing形式作表語作表語的v.-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞。1．現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征等。作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...這類分詞表示“令人……的”，常修飾物。Theargumentisveryconvincing.這個論據(jù)很令人信服。Yourspeechisveryinterestingandencouraging.你的演講很有趣，也很鼓舞人心。注意：不定式和v.-ed形式也可作表語，但不定式通常強調(diào)一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動作；v.-ed形式作表語表示外因使之具備的性質(zhì)和特征，意為“感到……的”，常修飾人。Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼職工作。Thechildisfrightenedtoseethedog.這個孩子看到狗很害怕。2．動名詞作表語多表示抽象性的或習(xí)慣性的動作，一般說明主語的內(nèi)容。Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.＝Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是盡量使報告廳保持干凈。四、v.-ing形式的否定形式v．-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語時not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和v.-ing形式之間。Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你沒有理由不去。Hewaspunishedfornothavingfinishedhishomework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。五、v.-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)v．-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加v.-ing，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”構(gòu)成。v.-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是給v.-ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。v.-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋v.-ing②名詞所有格＋v.-ing③代詞賓格＋v.-ing④名詞＋v.-ingHercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Canyouimaginehis/him/Jack’s/Jackcookingathome？你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？注意：(1)v.-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語或賓語。作主語時，不能用③④兩種形式。(2)若v.-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中v.-ing的邏輯主語為無生命名詞，只用④這種形式。Tom’swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Canyouhearthenoiseofthemachinerunning?你能聽見機器運轉(zhuǎn)的噪音嗎？冠詞(Articles)冠詞是一種虛詞，它置于名詞之前，限定名詞的意義。冠詞可分為定冠詞(the)、不定冠詞(a，an)和零冠詞三類。不定冠詞a用在發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的詞前，an用在發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的詞前。一、不定冠詞的用法1．不定冠詞泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個，也可表示數(shù)量“一”或價錢、時間、速度等的“每一”。Polarbearslivemostlyonseaice，whichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.北極熊大多數(shù)生活在海冰上，它們將冰作為捕捉海豹的平臺。Thepigeonhasbeenasymbolofpeaceforthousandsofyearsinmanycountries.幾千年來，鴿子在許多國家都是一種和平的象征。Theeggsaresoldattwodollarsadozen.這些雞蛋賣2美元一打。DrSpencetoldus，“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”斯彭斯博士告訴我們：“這里五分之一的學(xué)生繼續(xù)在牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)?！?．用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”。Hemissedthegoldmedalinthehighjump，butwillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌，但是在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中將會再得到一次機會。3．用于具體化的抽象名詞前或由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的名詞前。Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在那些艱苦的日子里，能夠買得起一瓶飲料也是一件令人安慰的事。Afterthatwewenttotheseashoreandhadaswim.之后，我們?nèi)チ撕＿叄⒂瘟擞尽?．用于不可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一陣，一場，一份”等。Allofasudden，therewasaloudknockoutside.突然，門外有人大聲敲門。Hitbyaheavyrainstorm，thetownwasflooded.被一場大暴雨襲擊，這座城鎮(zhèn)被淹沒了。5．用于專有名詞前，相當(dāng)于acertain，意為“某個，一個”。ThehousenextdoorhasbeenboughtbyaMrBrown.隔壁的房子被一位布朗先生買下了。6．用在一些固定短語中asaresult結(jié)果 asawhole總體上ataloss不知所措 inaway在某種程度上inaword總之 inahurry匆忙二、定冠詞的用法1．特指某些人或物(包括上文提到過的人或物)以及談話雙方都知道的人或物。TheychoseTomtobethecaptainoftheteambecausetheyknewhewasasmartleader.他們選湯姆當(dāng)隊長，因為他們知道他是一位聰明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。2．用于世界上獨一無二的事物名詞前。Theboydidn’treply，staringatthestarsintheskyandcontinuingplayingtheviolin.男孩沒有回應(yīng)，只是凝視著天空中的星星，繼續(xù)拉小提琴。3．用于形容詞、副詞最高級，序數(shù)詞或方位詞之前。Itwasthefirsttimethatthecitiesinthesouthofthecountryhadexperiencedtheheaviestrainfall.這是該國南部城市第一次遭受最嚴(yán)重的降雨。4．用于作姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前表示一家人或夫妻二人。TheReadswenttoCaliforniatoseektheirfortuneinthe1870s.里德一家于19世紀(jì)70年代去加利福尼亞闖蕩。5．用于單數(shù)名詞前表示類別。Thelionisafierceanimal，whichisalsoindangerofdyingout.獅子是一種兇猛的動物，它也有瀕臨滅絕的危險。6．用在形容詞或形容詞化的過去分詞前，表示一類人或物。Itisreportedthattheinjuredhavebeensenttothehospital.據(jù)報道，傷者已被送往醫(yī)院。Actuallythericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoor.事實上，富人并不總是比窮人幸福。7．用于西洋樂器名詞前。Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepiano.她剛寫完作業(yè)，媽媽就讓她練習(xí)彈鋼琴。8．用于整十復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞或表示年代、世紀(jì)、朝代的詞前。Sincethe1990s，studyingabroadhasbeenafashion.自從20世紀(jì)90年代以來，出國留學(xué)已成為一種時尚。ItissaidthattheoldbuildingdatesbacktotheMingDynasty.據(jù)說這座古建筑可以追溯到明代。9．用于江河、海洋、山脈、海峽等地理名稱前。theChangjiang/YangtzeRiver長江theRedSea紅海theRockyMountains洛基山脈10．用于某些固定搭配中inthemorning在早上 onthewhole總的來說onthecontrary恰恰相反 bytheway順便說一下tothepoint切題 inthefuture在將來注意：在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請注意區(qū)別：infrontof在……之前inthefrontof在……范圍內(nèi)的前部inhospital(生病)住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院里inchargeof掌管，負(fù)責(zé)inthechargeof在……的掌管下anumberof許多thenumberof……的數(shù)量asecondtime又一次thesecondtime第二次三、零冠詞的用法1．專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。TherewerealsosoldiersfromChina，Sweden，DenmarkandAustralia.也有來自中國、瑞典、丹麥和澳大利亞的士兵。Asweallknow，knowledgeispower.眾所周知，知識就是力量。Hydrogenislighterthanoxygen.氫氣比氧氣輕。2．表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。SnowwasfallingwhenIwokeupintheearlymorning.我清晨醒來，天正在下雪。3．球類、棋類和游戲名詞前不用冠詞。Ilikeplayingbaseball.Whataboutyou?我喜歡打棒球，你呢？4．表示唯一的頭銜或職位的名詞作表語、補足語或同位語時，前面常不用冠詞。TheyelectedHenrypresidentofthesocietybecauseofhisgreatability.他們選舉亨利為社團(tuán)主席是由于他出眾的能力。I’mLiMing，chairmanoftheschoolStudentUnion.我是李明，校學(xué)生會主席。5．非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐等名稱前不用冠詞。TheworkerswillhavetocompletetheprojectbytheendofJune.工人們必須在六月底完成該項目。We’regoingtoholdaparty.Won’tyoustayforlunch，MrWilliam？我們要舉辦一場聚會。威廉姆先生，您會留下吃午餐嗎？6．一些表示地點的名詞，如bed，school，hospital，home，work(工作單位)等，當(dāng)人們在這些地方做應(yīng)該做的事時，不加冠詞。gohome回家gotoschool去上學(xué)inhospital住院gotowork去上班注意：如果在上述詞組中加上定冠詞the，可以表示去這些場所做其他的事情。如：Hecametotheschooltospeaktotheheadmaster.他來學(xué)校和校長談話。Hismotherisinhospitalandhehasbeeninthehospitaltotakecareofher.他媽媽生病住院了，于是他就一直在醫(yī)院里面照顧她。7．用在一些固定短語中atpresent目前 atrisk處于危險中byhand用手工 byweight按重量bychance偶然 byplane乘飛機inneed需要 introuble在困境中underrepair在修理中 inadvance提前bymistake錯誤地；無意中 loseheart灰心Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Haveyouconsideredquitting(quit)yourprofessioncareerbecauseofinjuries？2．Myfavoritepartwasseeing(see)thegrizzlybearinthemountains.3．Itisnogoodassociatingassociatewithsuchaperson，whoissoselfish.4．Readingandwritingwere(be)bothmyhobbieswhenIwasyoung.5．Theyhadtodelayholding(hold)thesportsmeetingonaccountofthebadweather.6．Evenhiscompetitorshavetoadmitthatheisanoutstandingtriathlete.7．Inordertofindabetterjob，hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.8．Thevillagewhereshewasbornhasturnedintoatown.9．Asisknowntoall,thePeople’sRepublicofChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountry.10．ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Comparedwithtraditionalschooling,learningonlinecanhappenanytimeandanywhere.跟傳統(tǒng)的在校學(xué)習(xí)相比，在線學(xué)習(xí)可以隨時隨地進(jìn)行。2．Healwaysremindsmethatitisnousecomplainingwithouttakinganyaction.他總是提醒我：抱怨而不采取任何行動是沒用的。3．ThebookrecommendedbyProfessorWangiswellworthreading.王教授推薦的那本書非常值得一讀。4．Iregrettoinformyouofthejobrejectionandregretmakinganearlycommitment.我很遺憾通知你被這份工作拒絕，并且后悔提前做了承諾。5．Hetoldmeexcitedlyitwasthefirsttimethathehadtravelledbyplane.他興奮地告訴我，那是他第一次坐飛機去旅游。Ⅲ.語法填空J(rèn)．K.Rowling,1.theauthorofHarryPotter，is2.anEnglishnovelist，whooncegaveaspeechat3.aHarvardUniversitygraduationceremony.Inherspeech，shementionedthatherHarryPotterserieswereoncerejectedupto12times.However,4.beingrejected(reject)somanytimesdidn’tmakeherdepressed.Instead，shekept5.writing(write)withstrongdeterminationanddiscipline.Andfinallyherpersistencepaidoff.Fromher6.motivating(motivate)story，welearned“7.TheBenefitsofFailure”．When8.facing(face)failure，weshouldknowthatitisnouse9.complaining(complain)．Keeptryingandwewillmakeitsoonerorlater.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Towardsevening,anicyrainbegantofallandtheroadbecameslippery.2．Withlimitedtimeleft，thesenior3studenthastostrivetobeadmittedtoauniversity.3．Jane’smotherhadintendedtowriteachildren’sbookformanyyears，butonethingoranotherconstantlygotintheway.4．Thebiggestwhaleisthebluewhale，whichgrowstobeabout29meterslongandtheheightofan8-building.5．Manypeoplegotinjuredintheaccidentbutfortunately，nobodywaskilled.6．Thedrunkdriverattemptedtoescapebeingcaught(catch)bythepolice.7．Itwasplaying(play)gamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatshouldhavebeenspentonstudy.8．Ihearthey’vepromotedTom，buthedidn’tmentionhavingbeenpromoted(promote)whentalkingonthephone.9．Themanagermeanttotell(tell)theworkersthatbeing5minuteslatemeantleaving(leave)thecompany.10．Myjobiscollecting(collect)informationforadatabaseaboutMountKilauea，whichisoneofthemostactivevolcanoesinHawaii.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．父親告訴我，光說不做是沒用的。Myfathertoldmethatitisnousetalkingwithoutdoing.2．我的電腦又出故障了，需要修理。Mycomputerbrokedownagain，whichneedsrepairing/toberepaired.3．我從未看過比這更好看的電影，它真值得再看一遍。Ihaveneverseenabettermovieanditisreallyworthseeingasecondtime.4．旅行是一種探索不同文化的很好的方式。Travellingisagoodwaytoexploredifferentcultures.5．我侄子喜歡踢足球而侄女更喜歡彈鋼琴。Mynephewlikesplayingfootballwhilemynieceprefersplayingthepiano.Ⅲ.閱讀理解(2023·浙江A9協(xié)作體高二上期中聯(lián)考)JessicaBrookharthasalwayslovedtinyhousesandtreehouses.WhensomelandwentupforsaleinGoldHill，Colorado，sheboughtit.Why?Becauseitcamewithatreehouse.Brookhart,41，spent$80,000toliveoutherdream.Sheisn’talone.TreehousesareontheriseallovertheU．S.Morepeoplearebuildingthem，morepeoplearebuyingthem，andmorepeoplearerentingthem.Ahouseinatreeisafunwaytoescapebeingtrappedinyourhome.Butyoudon’thavetostaywithstrangers.Andyoudon’thavetotravelfartherthanyourownbackyard.ThetreehousethatBrookhartboughtcanfittwoadultsandtwochildren.Thereisnobathroomorrunningwater.Thereisaportabletoiletontheground.Fromthewindows，youcanseethemountains.“Itisamagicalplace，”Brookhartsaid.Sheadmitsthatshemadeanemotionalbuy.Butitofferedaspecialplacetospendtimewithherhusbandandtheirtwoyoungsons.Shesometimesrentsthetreehouseoutonline.Lotsofpeoplewanttouseit.“Ihavetoblockoffabunchofweekendssowecanspendtimetheretoo，”shesaid.Manyofthenewtreehousesaren’tmadeofroughboardsandnails.Someareverystylish.BusinessisgreatforAaronSmith，whorunsatreehousearchitecturecompany.Hestarteditin2015，andnowemploysaseconddesignerandeightbuilders.Histreehouseshaverangedfromabasicbackyardstructurecostingaround$10,000toalivabletreehousewithindoorplumbing(管路系統(tǒng))forhalfamillion.Hehascustomersalloverthecountry.TheMohicansTreehouseResortinGlenmont，Ohio，rentsoutluxurioustreehouses.Butformanypeople，simpletreehousesaregoodenough.JimBrook,71，builthisgrandsonsasmallplatformtreehouseafewyearsago.“Ilovetointroducethemtonatureandencouragethemtoplayoutdoors，”Brooksaid.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國各地的樹屋正在興起。)1．Whichofthefollowingisdescribedinthesecondparagraph?A．Treehousesareagrowingtrend.B．Morepeoplearebuyingsmallhouses.C．Treehousesarefunplacesatpeople’sbackyard.D．Peopleliketravelingfarthertogetprivatepace.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“TreehousesareontheriseallovertheU．S.Morepeoplearebuildingthem，morepeoplearebuyingthem，andmorepeoplearerentingthem.”可知，第二段描述了樹屋是一種日益增長的趨勢。故選A項。2．WhatdoweknowaboutBrookhartandhertreehouse?A．Shethinksittoocostly.B．Shebecameabsorbedinit.C．Sheboughtittorentitout.D．Shealwayslivestherealone.答案B解析推理判斷題。由第三段中的“‘Itisamagicalplace，’Brookhartsaid...theirtwoyoungsons.”和“Ihavetoblockoffabunchofweekendssowecanspendtimetheretoo”可知，樹屋于Brookhart而言有諸多好處，是個神奇的地方，她經(jīng)常和家人去樹屋休假，可推知她對樹屋很著迷(absorbed)。故選B項。3．WhatcanweinferaboutSmith’sbusiness?A．Itaimstohousethepoor.B．Ithasdevelopedsmoothly.C．Itmainlybuildslivabletreehouses.D．Ithasfacedseriousdesignershortages.答案B解析推理判斷題。由第四段中的“BusinessisgreatforAaronSmith...aseconddesignerandeightbuilders.”和“Hehascustomersalloverthecountry.”可推斷，Smith的生意發(fā)展得很順利。故選B項。4．WhatisBrook’sattitudetosimpletreehouses?A．Worried. B．Cautious.C．Uncaring. D．Favorable.答案D解析觀點態(tài)度題。由最后一段最后兩句可知，JimBrook能給孫子們建樹屋，說明他對樹屋持贊許的(favorable)態(tài)度。故選D項。Ⅳ.完形填空Anitaisamotherwhoclearlyadoresherson.Fromthemomentshefoundoutthatshewastogivebirthtoasonwithacleft(兔唇)，sheprotectedhim，lovedhim，anddreamedofthedayhislipwouldbe1.Whenthedoctorperformedanultrasound(超聲波)inAnita’sseventhmonthof2，hesawthatherunbornchildhadacleft.“Hetoldmeto3him，”Anitasaid，tearspouringdownedhercheeks.“ItoldhimIwantedthischild.”WhenAnitashowedhernewbabytoherneighbors，theywere4.“Yoursonlookslikeamonster，”theytoldher.Inmanyplacesaroundtheworld，thereis5andseveresocialshamewhichisassociatedwithcleft6，andfamiliesareoftenforcedto7newbornsfromtheirfamilymembersandcommunities.Hearinghersonbeing8wasnottheworstofit.“WhenItriedtofeedhim，themilkcameoutofhisnose.I9thathecoulddie.”10，Aljaysurvivedandlovedschool，butthesufferinghe11fromtheotherchildrenwashardtobear.Theyteasedhim，laughedathim，andcalledhimamonster.WhenthefamilyheardthatOperationSmilewascomingtoCagayandeOro，theybegansavingmoneytoafford12togettothecity.AtthemedicalmissionAnitafinallyreceivedthenewsshewaswaitingfor:Aljaywashealthyenoughtoreceive13.Afterjustover45minuteshislipwasrepairedandhislifewas14.TodayAljayisa15boywholovesgoingtoschoolandplayingwithotherchildren.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位母親生下了患有兔唇的孩子并精心照護(hù)，最終孩子的兔唇通過手術(shù)得到了修復(fù)。1．A.harmed B．healedC．saved D．examined答案B解析harm傷害；heal治愈；save救；examine檢查。根據(jù)最后一段中的“hislipwasrepaired”可知，她夢想兒子的兔唇有一天能得以治愈。故選B。2．A.pregnancy B．careC．treatment D．observation答案A解析pregnancy懷孕；care關(guān)心；treatment治療；observation觀察。根據(jù)下文提到的“unbornchild”可知，在Anita懷孕的第七個月時，醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)她未出生的孩子患有兔唇。故選A。3．A.bringup B．getthroughC．keepawayfrom D．getridof答案D解析bringup養(yǎng)育；getthrough通過；keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離；getridof去除，處理掉。根據(jù)下文“Iwantedthischild”可知，醫(yī)生建議Anita打掉孩子，但是她想要這個孩子。故選D。4．A.puzzled B．horrifiedC．depressed D．disappointed答案B解析puzzled困惑的；horrified驚恐的；depressed沮喪的；disappointed失望的。根據(jù)下文提到的“monster”和“severesocialshame”可知，鄰居們看到孩子的時候，他們的反應(yīng)是驚恐的。故選B。5．A.particular B．normalC．widespread D．thorough答案C解析particular特殊的；normal正常的；widespread普遍的；thorough徹底的。根據(jù)前面的“aroundtheworld”可知，這種社會恥辱是普遍的、廣泛的。故選C。6．A.conditions B．painsC．difficulties D．expressions答案A解析condition(健康)狀況；pain疼痛；difficulty困難；expression表達(dá)。根據(jù)上文“herunbornchildhadacleft”可知，這種普遍且嚴(yán)重的社會恥辱是與兔唇這種(身體)狀況有關(guān)的。故選A。7．A.take B．desertC．cover D．hide答案D解析take拿走；desert拋棄；cover覆蓋；hide隱藏。根據(jù)上文孩子有兔唇被視作“severesocialshame”可知，有兔唇的新生兒家庭被迫將他們藏起來，不讓家族成員和社區(qū)成員看見。故選D。8．A.ridiculed B．blamedC．disturbed D．a(chǎn)nnoyed答案A解析ridicule嘲笑；blame責(zé)備；disturb打擾；annoy使生氣。根據(jù)下文“Theyteasedhim，laughedathim，andcalledhimamonster.”可知，她的兒子被人嘲笑。故選A。9．A.preferred B．concludedC．feared D．believed答案C解析prefer更喜歡；conclude總結(jié)；fear害怕；believe相信。根據(jù)上文“WhenItriedtofeedhim，themilkcameoutofhisnose.”可知，患有兔唇的兒子無法正常喝牛奶，因此她害怕孩子因不能正常進(jìn)食而死去。故選C。10．A.Hopefully B．FortunatelyC．Naturally D．Generally答案B解析hopefully有希望地；fortunately幸運地；naturally自然地；generally大體上。根據(jù)下文“Aljaysurvived”可知，Aljay活了下來，這是很幸運的事情。故選B。11．A.gained B．enduredC．a(chǎn)voided D．made答案B解析gain得到；endure忍受；avoid避免；make制作。根據(jù)下文“Theyteasedhim，laughedathim，andcalledhimamonster.”可知，其他孩子們會嘲笑他，并叫他怪獸，這都是他承受的痛苦。endure與下文的bear同義。故選B。12．A.service B．chanceC．a(chǎn)ssistance D．transport答案D解析service服務(wù)；chance機會；assistance幫助；transport運送，交通運輸。根據(jù)上文“OperationSmilewascomingtoCagayandeOro”可知，當(dāng)他們聽到微笑行動將來到那個城市，他們開始攢錢，為了能支付得起前往該城市的交通費。故選D。13．A.surgery B．comfortC．praise D．encouragement答案A解析surgery外科手術(shù)；comfort安慰；praise表揚；encouragement鼓勵。根據(jù)上文“thenewsshewaswaitingfor”以及下文“hislipwasrepaired”可知，她終于等來了她一直期盼的消息：Aljay足夠健康，可以接受手術(shù)。故選A。14．A.exchanged B．a(chǎn)ffectedC．transformed D．inspired答案C解析exchange交換；affect影響；transform改變；inspire激勵。根據(jù)上文“hislipwasrepaired”以及下文“playingwithotherchildren”可知，接受手術(shù)修復(fù)兔唇后，他的生活發(fā)生了改變。故選C。15．A.careful B．colorfulC．meaningful D．cheerful答案D解析careful小心的；colorful富有色彩的；meaningful有意義的；cheerful高興的，快樂的。根據(jù)上文“hislipwasrepaired”以及下文“wholovesgoingtoschoolandplayingwithotherchildren”可知，修復(fù)兔唇后，他變成了一名喜歡上學(xué)，喜歡跟其他孩子一起玩的快樂男孩。故選D。Ⅴ.語法填空Asthecoronaviru