Unit1ArtReadingandThinking課文詳解課件高中英語人教版選擇性

unit1ART選修三白天要好好讀書，書里有你不知道的。夜晚要好好睡覺，夢里有你想要的。Loveofbeautyistaste.Thecreationofbeautyisart.—RalphWaldoEmersonUnit1

ArtartsculpturememorialarchitecturephotographypaintingmusicdanceliteratureoperamoviepapercuttingcalligraphyVincentVanGogh(1853—1890)wasapainterofHolland.He’sfamousforhisideaofemotionalexpressioninpainting.HisgreatpaintingsincludeThe

Sunflowers,StarryNight

andWheatfieldwithCrows.PabloPicasso(1881-1973)wasaSpanishpainter,sculptor,printmaker,andceramicist.Oneofhismostfamouspaintings,Guernica(格爾尼卡),isaverylargepaintingshowingthebombingofaSpanishtownduringtheSpanishCivilWar.ClaudeMonet(1840—1926),wasaFrenchpainterwhowastheinitiator(創(chuàng)始人),leader,andunswerving(堅定的)advocateoftheImpressioniststyle.Famouspaintingsinclude:Wheatstacks(干草堆),Sunrise(日出),Waterlilies

(睡蓮).LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)wasanItalianpolymath(博學(xué)大師),butismostwell-knownasapainter.FamouspaintingsincludeMonaLisa

andTheLastSupper.Heisseenasanexampleof“Renaissanceman”,

apersonwhoseskillsanddesireforknowledgeanddevelopmentknownobounds.SchoolofAthens1.Doyouknowthenameofthepainting?Whopaintedit?2.Whatcanyouseeinthepainting?3.Whoarethesepeople?Whataretheydoing?SchoolofAthens《雅典學(xué)院》Raphael(拉斐爾)《雅典學(xué)院》是意大利畫家拉斐爾·桑西于1510～1511年創(chuàng)作的一幅壁畫作品?，F(xiàn)收藏于意大利梵蒂岡博物館。該畫以古希臘哲學(xué)家柏拉圖舉辦雅典學(xué)院之逸事為題材，以極為兼容并蓄、自由開放的思想，打破時空界限，把代表著哲學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、音樂、天文等不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的文化名人會聚一堂，以回憶歷史上黃金時代的形式，寄托了作者對美好未來的向往，表達了對人類中追求智慧和真理者的集中贊揚，反映的是古典時期學(xué)派林立、相互切磋的景象。

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畫作采用了拱形圓屋頂作為背景，以很高的透視法水平，增強了畫面的空間立體感和深遠感。整幅畫氣勢恢宏、場面宏大。畫中人物栩栩如生、活靈活現(xiàn)。亞里士多德柏拉圖蘇格拉底01Leadin畢達哥拉斯拉斐爾TheSchoolofAthens雅典學(xué)院Raphael(1483–1520)亞里士多德柏拉圖蘇格拉底FastReading:Q:Howmanyperiodsofthepaintingsarementionedinthistext?Whatarethey?aboutashorthistoryofWesternpainting.Readforstructureandmainidea

Whatisthepassageabout?tointroducesomeimportantstylesinWesternpaintinganditsdevelopmentoverthecenturiesaboutashorthistoryofWesternpaintingFastreadingASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howreligiouspaintingsdeveloped.B.HowWesternartdeveloped.C.Howoilpaintingsdeveloped.D.HowImpressionistpaintingsdeveloped.FastreadingASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING2.Theauthor’smainpurpose

inwritingthispassageisto_____.A.toadvertisethecourseofpaintingB.tomakeyouamusedC.totellyouhowtopaintpicturesD.tointroduceyousomeinformationaboutwesternpainting3.What'stheorder

ofthisarticle?A.timeorderB.spatialorderC.logicalorder5th14th15th20th17th19thTheMiddleAgesTheRenaissance文藝復(fù)興Impressionism印象派ModernArt現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)DifferentpaintingstylesinWesternart(P2)religiousthemes宗教主題PicassoActivity3ScanningforstructureCanyoudividethepassageintodifferentparts?IntroductionDifferentperiodsofwesternpaintingTheMiddleAges(5th-15th)TheRenaissance(14th-17th)Impressionism(19th-20th)ModernArt(20th-)Para1Para2-8Para2Para3-5Para6-7Para8Drawatimelinetoshowhowtheinformationisorganized.5th14th17th19th20thThemiddleagesImpressionismModernArt15thThe

RenaissanceLet’shaveatimetravel!Activity4DrawatimelinePeriod1TheMiddleAges

2The

Renaissance3Impressionism4ModernArtCauseofchange

ArtistFeature（特點）ReadthepassageandmakeaflowcharttoshowthechangesinWesternpaintingstyles.(Page2,Ex.2)IndependentReadingReadfordetails

Whatisaflowchart?Whatinformationshouldbeincludedintheflowchart?Aflowchartisatooltoshow__________________________.differentprocessesorordersInformationsuchastime,developmentstages,featuresofstages,andconnectorsetc.shouldbeincludedintheflowchart.

While-readingSkimming:Paragraph1Howtodefinewesternart?What’sthetopicsentence?Itishardtodefineprecisely.AnalyzethekeypointsofthetextParagraph1ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTNG

WhatisWesternart?Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.從屬連詞as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句itis＋adj.＋todosth.it是形式主語，不定式作真正的主語不定式作定語教材原句1.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.由于西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進行全面的描述as原因狀語從句,表示因為，由于,此時as相當(dāng)于since1.Everyonelikesyouasyouaresokind.2.WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.3.Asstudentsgrowup,theyarelikelytodeveloptheirgoodhabitsoflearning.4.Happyastheywere,therewassomethingmissing.5.ThetaskisnotastoughasIthought."as...as...”或"notso/as...as...”As引導(dǎo)的狀語從句類型照……方式方式狀語從句時間狀語從句讓步狀語從句比較狀語從句就像當(dāng)……時，隨著雖然，盡管(though)像……一樣原因狀語從句因為，由于1.Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.2.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt3,WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir,focusedonpeople.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolook

atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.(P2)

也許，了解西方藝術(shù)的最好方法就是回顧若干個世紀(jì)以來西方繪畫的發(fā)展。*不定式（短語）作表語，對主語進行解釋說明。辨析不定式（短語）作表語表示一次具體的動作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事；動名詞（短語）作表語表示抽象的、一般性的動作。

例句Hishobbyispainting.

他的愛好是畫畫。Hisdreamistobecomeapainter.他的夢想是成為一名畫家。MyaimistoletChinagototheworldandlettheworldunderstandChina.

我的目標(biāo)是讓中國走向世界，讓世界了解中國。

1TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmade/muchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.while=although/though意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句尤其,特別從……分出，脫穎而出Paragraph22.Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.盡管他的畫仍然是宗教主題，但它們展示的是真實環(huán)境中的真實人物。尤其是他的畫作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感沖擊而從其他畫作中脫穎而出。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”,

while位于句首although/though/evenif/asdespitethefactthat/inspiteofthefactthat句式轉(zhuǎn)換：While

itwashotatnight,wesleptsoundlybecauseweweresotiredafteralongjourney.=__________________________wesleptsoundlybecauseweweresotiredafteralongjourney.=__________________________,wesleptsoundlybecauseweweresotiredafteralongjourney.

Hotthough/asitwasatnight,Though/Althoughitwashotatnight盡管他很小，他卻知識淵博。盡管他很有錢，他卻過著簡樸的生活Whileheisyoung,heisknowledgeable.Thoughheisverywealthy,helivesasimplelife.高考高頻詞while的用法2.while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時候”，此時while相當(dāng)于duringthetimethat...，從句中的謂語動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞的進行時或狀態(tài)動詞，不可用短暫性動詞。Strikewhiletheironishot.趁熱打鐵while引導(dǎo)并列句，強調(diào)兩種情況間的差別，表示對比，意為“然而IpickedupFrenchwhileIwasworkinginFranceIliketeawhilemybrotherlikescoffee.while作從屬連詞：while作并列連詞：while從句中的省略：當(dāng)while從句中的主語與主句的主語一致，且含有be的某種形式時，從句中的主語連同be可同時省略。WhileinLondon,hestudiedmusicandpainting.意為“一會兒；一段時間””while作名詞：afterawhile“過了一會兒”；allthewhile“一直，始終”；onceinawhile“偶爾、間或”wait/rest(for)awhile“等/休息一會兒1.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair3.while引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“只要”Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.雖然他的畫作仍然有宗教主題，但這些作品展示了真實環(huán)境中的真實人物?！蚓湫凸剑簑hile引導(dǎo)的從句(1)當(dāng)while意為“盡管，雖然”時，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2)當(dāng)while意為“當(dāng)……的時候；和……同時”時，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。(3)當(dāng)while意為“只要”時，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。(4)當(dāng)while意為“然而，可是”時，連接兩個并列句子，表示對比關(guān)系。[練通]——猜猜加黑詞while的含義①Whileheloveshisstudents,heisverystrictwiththem.____________②Whileworking,Irealizedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderthehotsun.____________③[2022·全國乙卷]ThepercentofthestudentswholistentoEnglishsongsisashighas65%.50%ofthemwatchEnglishmovieswhileonly18%readEnglishbooks.____________盡管；雖然當(dāng)……的時候然而，可是給出精確定義做某事的方法幾個世紀(jì)以來...的目的是……粗糙且二維化真實場景他的畫與其他繪畫不同尤其是逼真的人臉強烈的情感沖擊giveaprecisedefinition

thewaytodosth.=thewayofdoingoverthecenturiesthe

purposeof...is/was

todosth primitive

andtwo-dimensionalrealisticscenes hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsinparticularrealistichumanfacesdeepemotionalimpact

辨析todo/doing做表語1.Hishobbyis_________(paint）

2.Hisdreamis(become)apainter.3.Myaimis(let)ChinagototheworldandlettheworldunderstandChina.Ihavebeenhereoverthreeyears.aim;goal;objectiven.目標(biāo)對...有影響haveaneffect/influence/impacton;makeadifferenceto...todo作表語表示一次具體的動作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事intotal/all總共;inbrief/short總之;ingeneral一般而言definevt.給...下定義definite/definitelypaintingtobecometoletdoing作表語表示抽象的、一般性的動作makeno/alldifferencetoReadfordetails

PeriodTimeCharacteristicsofthepaintingsFamouspaintersandtheirachievementsTheMiddleAgesTheRenaissanceImpressionismModernArt5thto15thcenturyprimitiveandtwodimensionalthemaincharactersweremadelargerreligiousthemesGiottodiBondoneHispaintingsshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.TheMiddleAgesPeriodMiddleAgesfromthe5thtothe15thcenturyCauseofchange

ArtistFeatureGiottodiBondonereligiousthemes;primitiveandtwo-dimensional;muchlargermaincharacters;showedrealpeopleinarealenvironment(morerealistic);setapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.toteachaboutChristianity,uninterestedinpaintingrealisticscenesReligious_________themesFindWork(s)oftheMiddleAges

TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564)andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞someofthegreatestart，that在從句中作see的賓語，可省略對……更少關(guān)注對……采取一種……的態(tài)度動詞不定式作目的狀語Paragraph3Anotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾Rembrandt達到頂峰獲得/擁有……的名譽while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然,盡管”Paragraph4Insubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasinglyshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.從……轉(zhuǎn)移到……現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾paintingsParagraph53.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.n.+be+adj.+不定式(主動形式表被動的含義)某些“形容詞+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式有被動意義,

如果是不及物動詞，要保留相應(yīng)介詞。最后，大多數(shù)顧客想要的是漂亮、有趣的繪畫。這把椅子看上去相當(dāng)硬，但實際上坐起來很舒服。Theapplesarehardtoreach.

Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletositon他是個很難相處的人。這些蘋果很難夠到。Heisdifficulttodealwith/getalongwith.Whiletheproblemiscomplex,itiseasytoapproach.Thecakeiseasytomake.Theproblemishardtodealwith.Thehouseiscomfortabletolivein.這個問題雖然復(fù)雜，但很容易解決。Readfordetails

TheRenaissanceTimeCharacteristicsofthepaintingsFamouspaintersandtheirachievementsPeriodTheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)Causeofchange

ArtistFeatureNewideasandvaluesreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddlesAages.Masaccio,LeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,Raphael,Rembrandtconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes;adoptedamorehumanisticattitudetolife;theuseofperspective;theuseofoilpaints;looklikephotoswithdeepcoloursandrealism;theemphasisshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus;portraitsofpeopleofhighrank;themesofhistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.FindWork(s)oftheRenaissance

______

themeoilpaintshumanistic新的思想和價值觀較少關(guān)注對生活采取更人性化的態(tài)度重大進展

透視法的使用在...的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展題材達到頂點；達到鼎盛頗具影響力的畫家贏得聲譽，名聲大噪光影大師從...轉(zhuǎn)移到...由于其深沉的色彩和現(xiàn)實主義風(fēng)格國王、貴族和上流社會人士歷史事件大多數(shù)客戶購買越來越多地，愈發(fā)地newideasandvalues

concentratelesson；adoptamorehumanisticattitudeto/towardslife animportantbreakthroughtheuseofperspective

buildon/upon...subjectmatterreachitsheight

influential

paintersgain/win/earnareputation

amasterofshadowandlightshiftfrom...to... withtheirdeepcoloursandrealismkings,

nobles,andpeopleofhigh

rankhistoricaleventsmost

clientspurchase=buyincreasingly

value復(fù)數(shù)時常表示

“價值觀”humanityn人性influencen影響destroy/ruinone’sreputationThere’sincreasingnumberofpeoplesendingtheirchilderabroadtostudyn.透視法;看法，觀點；遠景adoptionn.采用；收養(yǎng)adopted;adoptivebeinfluentialin對…有影響realityn現(xiàn)實

；realisticadj現(xiàn)實的

逼真的Butinmyperspective,thisaspectisessentialImpressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotographyinthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,ImpressionismemergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet’saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語從句浮現(xiàn)，在……應(yīng)運而生過去分詞短語作定語what引導(dǎo)賓語從句Paragraph6動詞不定式短語作表語WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir'spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.Para.7充滿不僅(不但)…而且…prep.不像…試圖做/設(shè)法做某事側(cè)重于;專注于雖然；盡管Readfordetails

ImpressionismTimeCharacteristicsofthepaintingsFamouspaintersandtheirachievementsPeriodImpressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)Causeofchange

ArtistFeatureTheinventionofphotograpyClaudeMonet,Renoiraimedtoconveylightandmovementratherthanrecordthedetailsofthesceneitself;paintedscenesofnature,dailylifeandpeoplefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife;showednotjusttheouterimageofthesubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswellRenoir雷諾阿ClaudeMonet莫奈Impression,Sunrise《日出印象》FindWork(s)of

Impressionismfulloflightandshadowscencesof

natureordailylifetheinventionofphotographynolongerpreserveemergeconveythelightandmovementinthescenesubjectiveimpressionseektodotheouterimagenotjust...but...innerwarmthandhumanity攝影術(shù)的發(fā)明不再保存出現(xiàn)傳達場景中的光線和運動主觀印象試圖做某事外在形象不僅...而且...內(nèi)心的溫暖和人性seek(sought--sought)Don’tseektodothebest,justtodobetter!ThestorywasusedtoemphasizethehumanityofJesus.表達，傳遞(思想、感情)Colourslikeredconveyasenseofenergyandstrength.Pleaseconveymyapologiestoyourwife.Hetrieddesperatelytoconvey

howurgentthesituationwas.preservev.保護;保存n.專門領(lǐng)域Footballisnolongerthepreserveofmen.preservationn.保護；保留carry

常表示移動時搬運著某物，或指隨身攜帶transport

往往是長距離的運動，常指交通運輸objectiverealitysubjectiveassumption

主觀的假設(shè)客觀的現(xiàn)實人們用這個故事來強調(diào)耶穌人性的一面。不求做的最好，只求做的更好！4.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects，but

theirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.notjust...but…(aswell)句型：不僅(不但)…而且…=notjust...but(also)…/notonly…but(also)…婦女不僅被允許參與，而且發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。Womenarenotjustallowedtojoininbutplayaveryimportantroleaswell.=Womenarenotonlyallowedtojoininbutalsoplayaveryimportantrole.notAbutB“不是A而是B”，是否定A肯定BItisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatmatters.IdiditnotbecauseIlikeditbutbecauseIcouldhavethechancetoworkinabigcompany.Thismealisnotforone,butformanypeopletoenjoy.Hecannotjustdrivebutrepairacar.Thisbookisnotonlyinterestingbutalsouseful.他力求既展示主題人物的外在形象，又展現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在的溫暖和人性。單句語法填空 （1）Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravelling

isnotin

arrivingatyourdestination

inthejourneyitself.（2）ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotjustitsbeautybutitsweather

well.完成句子（3）生活不僅有陽光，也有艱難的時刻。Lifeconsistsof

.（4）重要的不是故事本身，而是故事所反映的道理。Itis

whatisreflectedinthestorythatcounts.butasnotjustsunshinebuthardtimesaswellnotthestoryitselfbut作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與B保持一致，即遵循“就近原則”。Notyoubuttheoperator_____(be)toanswerforit.

is要對此負責(zé)的是操作員而不是你。ModernArt(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)AfterImpressionism,subsequentartistsbegantoask,"Whatdowedonext?"PainterssuchasPicasso(1881-1973)triedtoanalysetheshapeswhichexistedinthenaturalworldbutinanewway,withCubism.Othersgavetheirpaintingsarealisticbutdream-likequality.Stillothersturnedtoabstractart.Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,"Whatisart?"Para.8謂語轉(zhuǎn)向主語定語從句表語which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞shapeswhat引導(dǎo)主語從句Readfordetails

ModernArtTimeCharacteristicsofthepaintingsFamouspaintersandtheirachievementsPeriodModernart(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)Causeofchange

ArtistFeatureNotmentionedanalysedtheshapesexistinginthenaturalworldinanewway,withCubism;gavetheirpaintingsarealisticbutdream-likequality;turnedtoabstractart;nolongershowreality,butaskedthequestion“whatisart?PicassoCubism(立體主義)1908年始于法國的藝術(shù)流派，又稱立方主義。當(dāng)時巴黎兩位畫家布拉克和畢加索，深受非洲的雕刻中單純的造型和尖銳的對比影響，在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展出了一個以他們?yōu)榇淼莫毺禺嬶L(fēng)，即立體主義。Picasso

(1881-1973)(Spanishcontemporaryartist)analysedtheshapesexistinginthenaturalworldinanewway,withCubism.FindWork(s)of

Modernartabstractart4.Whattheyattemptedtodo

wasnolongershowreality，butinsteadtoaskthequestion，“Whatisart？前半句中的表語showreality省略了to，而后半句與之作對比的平行結(jié)構(gòu)toaskthequestion則是完整的。這種省略to的用法常見于如下情況：注意：這里的do指的是實意動詞，不是助動詞。只要前面出現(xiàn)do的任何形式，包括did/does/done，都遵循這個規(guī)則。

(1)兩個不定式由連詞but、except等連接，如果前面的不定式中有單詞do，后面的不定式則省略to。but、except連接，前有do，后無toIdidn'tknowwhattodobutreadtheletteragainandagain.除了反反復(fù)復(fù)讀這封信，我不知道該做什么好。不定式作表語,，前有do，后無to不定式作表語時，前面主語中有do時，不定式的to省略。WhatIwanttodoisbreakthisbadhabit.

我只想戒掉這個壞習(xí)慣。Youhavenochoicebuttotellmethetruth.Hergoalwastobecomeagreatteacher.Allyouhavetodoisfinishthejobquickly.Hedidnothingbutcallme.4.Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality，butinsteadtoaskthequestion，“Whatisart？他們試圖做的不再是展示現(xiàn)實，而是提出問題：“什么是藝術(shù)？”。句型公式：what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句功能：可用作主語、賓語或表語

……的東西或事情 ……的人或樣子意義 ……的數(shù)量或數(shù)目 ……的時間 ……的地方

Afterahardtime,theycametowhatiscalledAmericatoday.Whatsurprisedmeisthateverybodyseemedtobeveryindifferenttoher.Ihavenoideawhattheyaretalkingabout.Whatwecan’tgetseemstobebetterthanwhatweown.Atpresent,Chinaisn’twhatwasthirtyyearsago.what在從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語8(教材P3)Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality，butinsteadtoaskthequestion，“Whatisart？”他們試圖做的不再是展示現(xiàn)實，而是提出問題：“什么是藝術(shù)？”?！蚓湫凸剑簑hat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(1)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，

what在從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語；(2)that也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但that在從句中不作任何成分，也無實際意義。[佳句]

WhatIwanttostressistoraisethepublic'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.我想強調(diào)的是提高公眾的環(huán)保意識。(應(yīng)用文之演講稿)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，that也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但that在從句中不作任何成分，也無實際意義,但不可省略；what在從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語.[練通]——單句語法填空①[2022·全國乙卷]Soon，however，theyrealized________theyhadundertaken.②Myrequirementis________allthestudents

shouldgather

attheschoolgateat7：00a．m.andthengototheparkonfoot.③________astonishedmewasthatshedidn'tcareaboutmyfeelings.[寫美]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換Asisknowntous，smartphoneshavebecomeanimportantpartinourdailylife.→_________________________smartphones

havebecome

animportantpartinourdailylife.whatthat

What

Whatisknowntousisthat單句語法填空（1）Theotherday，mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat

Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.（2）

isnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld.完成句子（3）

（我打算告訴你的）isaboutthebookdonationfromourschooltoyourChineseclass.（4）Comparedwiththeescapeddriver，Iamproudof

（我所做之事）.（5）Iwilltellhim

（你長什么樣）sothatyoucanfindeachothereasily.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（6）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Anumberofmodernbuildingsemergedintheplacewhichwaswasteland.

→________________________________________________________________有些what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于“名詞+定語從句”Wenowliveinwhatiscalledtheinformationage.我們現(xiàn)在生活在所謂的信息時代。=Wenowliveintheagethat/whichiscalled theinformationagewhatWhatWhatIamgoingtotellyouwhatIhavedonewhatyoulook/arelikeAnumberofmodernbuildingsemergedinwhatwaswasteland.WhatIwanttostressistoraisethepublic'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.我想強調(diào)的是提高公眾的環(huán)保意識。(應(yīng)用文之演講稿)Part1（para.1）Part2（para.2-8）TheMiddleAges5th-15thTheRenaissance14th-17thImpressionismlate19th–early20thModernart20th-todayAshorthistoryofwesternpaintingstructureWesternarthasmany

styles.

different(3)produce①Themachineisusedtoproducecapplasticsbottles.②Sheproducedadeliciousmealoutofafewleftovers.③Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.④MrJacksonproducedaletterofthanksfromhispocket.Heisthegreatestathlete(whom)thecountryhaseverproduced.ThefamousdirectorproducedaTVseriesaboutadoptedchildren.Weguaranteethefreshnessofalllocalproduce.出產(chǎn)烹制引起；產(chǎn)生掏出培養(yǎng)拍攝n.

農(nóng)產(chǎn)品Para.1Para.2-8TheMiddleAges5th-15thADTheRenaissance14th-17thImpressionismlate19th–early20thModernart20th-todayAshorthistoryofwesternpaintingTimeorderstructure找出本文的不定式，并分析其用法知識點五：不定式的用法1.Itishard

togive

aprecisedefinition.2.Perhapsthebestwaytounderstand

Westernartistolookat

thedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.3.DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.4....themaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelse

toshow

theirimportance.5.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconvey

thelightandmovementinthescene...6.Hesought

toshow

notjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.7.Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart？”主語賓語表語狀語定語表語表語表語不定式做表語主語是以aim,suggestion,duty,hope,idea,intenion,plan,purpose,solution,

thewaytodo

sth.等為中心的名詞(詞組)時，或者是以what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示時，一般用動詞不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容。我們的計劃是更好地利用這些材料。鼓勵你的孩子享受美食的最好方法是讓他們參與計劃和準(zhǔn)備它們。我的建議是征求你父親的意見。表示目的Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowwhatyouneed.當(dāng)主語包含定語從句且先行詞為代詞all或形容詞最高級theleast、themost修飾時All

hewantedwastostudyEnglishwell.表示同意/安排/命令/決定/勸告/愿望/意愿/禁止等。他們將在下周結(jié)婚。(安排)Ourplanistomakebetteruseofthese

materials.WhatIwouldsuggestistoaskyourfatherforhis

opinion.Thebestwaytoencourageyourkidstoenjoymeals

istoinvolve

theminplanning

andpreparingthem.

Theyaretomarrynextweek.

Task:FocusoneachperiodindetailPeriod1TheMiddleAges(Para.2)TimePurposeCharacteristicsArtists

Fromthe5thtothe15thcentury

ToteachpeopleaboutChristianity

From5thto13thcentury

From13thto15thcenturyGiottodiBondoneprimitivetwo-dimensionallargermaincharactersCharacteristics：fromtheearlyMiddleAgesReadingindetailTask:FocusoneachperiodindetailPeriod1TheMiddleAges(Para.2)TimePurposeCharacteristicsFrom5thto13thcenturyFrom13thto15thcenturyArtists

Fromthe5thtothe15thcenturyprimitivetwo-dimensionallargermaincharacters

ToteachpeopleaboutChristianityGiottodiBondoneWhatdothetwopaintingshaveincommon?religiousthemeByGiottodiBondonefromtheMiddleAgesrealpeopleinarealenvironmentrealistichumanfacesdeepemotionalimpactByGiottodiBondoneCharacteristics：ReadingindetailTask:FocusoneachperiodindetailPeriod1TheMiddleAges(Para.2)TimePurposeCharacteristicsFrom5thto13thcenturyFrom13thto15thcenturyArtists

Fromthe5thtothe15thcenturyprimitivetwo-dimensionallargermaincharactersGiottodiBondone

ToteachpeopleaboutChristianityrealpeopleinarealenvironmentrealistichumanfacesdeepemotionalimpact5th14th17t