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Unit5Whatanadventure課時(shí)作業(yè)第一節(jié)、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThenoisefromlivingnexttoabusyroadorrailwaycouldraisetheriskofdementia(癡呆),researchsuggests.Astudyfoundthatexposuretorailorroadtrafficsoundswaslinkedtoanincreaseintheriskofdementiabymorethanaquarter.TheDanishresearchersestimatedthatasmanyas1,216outofthe8,475casesofdementiainasingleyearcouldbeduetoit.Afterairpollution,transportnoiseisconsideredthesecondworstenvironmentalriskfactorforpublichealthinEurope.About40percentofthepopulationisexposedtoroadtrafficnoiseabove55decibels(dB).Thereisaknownlinkbetweennoiseandhealthproblemssuchasheartdisease,obesityanddiabetes,buttheimpactondementiaisunclear.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernDenmarkinvestigatedtheassociationbetweendementiaandlong-termresidentialexposuretoroadandrailnoiseamongtwomillionadultsagedover60duringan11-yearperiod.TheyfoundthatroadandrailwaynoisewereassociatedwithahigherriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.Theriskwasupto27percenthigherfor55dBroadnoiseandupto24percenthigherfor50dBrailwaynoise,whencomparedwithlessthan40dB.However,onlyroadtrafficnoisewasassociatedwithanincreasedriskofvascular(血管的)dementia,andnotrailwaynoise.DrRosaSancho,headofresearchatAlzheimer’sResearchUK,saidthattheresearchdidnotidentifywhytheriskwashigher“butaddstoevidencelinkingexposuretonoisepollution”.“Ifotherstudiesconfirmit,”hesaid,“itbegsthequestionofwhythenoiseexposureisrelevanttodementia.”1.WhatisspecialabouttheDanishresearch?A.Itclarifiesthelinkbetweennoiseanddementia.B.Itconfirmsthatnoiseleadstohealthproblems.C.Itstressesthenecessityofreducingtrafficnoise.D.Itwarnspeopleofthegravityofnoisepollution.2.Accordingtotheresearchfindings,whichofthefollowingisright?A.Overaquarteroftrafficsoundsleadtotheriskofdementia.B.Transportnoiseisthesecondworstfactorforpublichealth.C.Railwaynoisemaynotraisetheriskofvasculardementia.D.Railwaynoiseleadstodementiamoreeasilythanroadnoise.3.WhatdoesDrRosaSanchothinkoftheresearch?A.Hedoubtstheaccuracyofitsdata.B.Hethinksnothingofitsdiscovery.C.Heisoptimisticaboutitslimitation.D.Hehopestoseeitsfurtherexploration.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleofthisarticle?A.RoadandrailnoiserelatingtodementiaB.RoadandrailnoiseleadingtopoorhealthC.AnewwaytoreducetheriskofdementiaD.Anewwaytoreduceroadandrailnoise【參考答案】ACDABAssassin(暗殺者)bugsliveuptotheirname.Theinsectsexpertlyhuntandfeeduponothersmallinvertebrates(無脊椎動物),givingthemapoisonousbite.Somespeciesevenhuntspidersanduseastrangetricktogaintheupperhand.Usingtheirantennae(觸須),assassinbugstapspiders,whichappearstoconfusethemlongenoughtoletthebugsmakeapoisonousstrike,researchersreportedonSeptember29.Thefindingsprovideinsightintosomeofthecomplexhuntingtacticsthatpredators(捕食性動物)evolvewhentargetingdangerousprey(獵物).Assassinbugsspendtheirlivesinaplacemostinsectsavoid:spiderwebs.Thebugssilentlycreepalongthespider'ssilk,takingcaretomaketheirmovementsseemharmlessbeforeviolentlykillingtheweb'sarchitect,seizingthespiderswiththeirfrontlegsandinjectingthemwithpoison.Whilewatchingtwospeciesofassassinbugshuntspiders,ecologistsAnneWignallandFernandoSoleytooknoteofthebugs'habitoflightlyknockingtheirantennaeonspidersoncethebugswerewithinstrikingdistance.“Itstruckusearlyonthattappingpreywasareallystrangethingtodo,"saysWignall.Spiderscouldeasilydefendthemselvesandkillthebugs."Watchingthebugsspendsomuchtimeandeffortonavoidingdetection,onlytopracticallytapthespidersontheshoulderwasabsolutelyfascinating.”Tofigureoutwhythebugstap,WignallandSoleytestedthebehaviorof30spidersinthelaboratory.Theresearcherscopiedthebugs'antennaetappingbygentlybrushingthespiders'legwithadoghair.Afterthetapping,theteammeasuredthespiders'responsestomovementsontheweb,copyingastrugglinginsect.Tappedspiderswerefarlessaggressivethanthosethatweren'ttapped,fullyignoringthemovementsfourtimesasoften.Tappedspidersalsoattackedabout25percentasoftenastheiruntappedcounterparts.Wignallthinksthattheassassinbugsarereducingspiders'aggressionlevelsbyimitatingthetypesofphysicaltouchthatthesetypicallysolitary(獨(dú)處的)spidersexperiencenearfellowspiders.“Whenevertheydocomeacrossanotherspider,it'susuallybecauseit'sacloserelativeinthenest,orapotentialmate.Bothofwhicharesituationsinwhichaggressionwouldnotbeagoodidea,"shesays.ZoologistOndrejMichalek,whowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy,saysthattheresearchershavea“completelyvalidtheory."Manyspidersavoidcannibalism(同類相食)byusingspecialtouchsignalsthatcouldbecopiedbyskilfulpredators,thustrickingthespiders,hesays.5.Whatisunusualaboutassassinbugs?A.TheirbiteispoisonousB.TheirmovementsmakelittlenoiseC.Theydon'tavoidspiders'websD.Theykilltheirpreyviolently6.WhatsurprisedWignallaboutthebugs'behaviour?A.TheyusedagreatdealoftimeandeffortB.TheywereabletodefendthemselvesC.TheydeliberatelytouchedthespidersD.Theywereabletokillthespiders7.Whydothebugstapthespiders?A.TheyarekeenonphysicaltouchB.TheyarepretendingtobespidersC.TheyareusuallysolitaryD.Theyarelookingforamate8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyanimalsusecomplexhuntingtacticsB.WhyassassinbugstaptheirpreyC.AssassinbugshaveapoisonousbiteD.Assassinbugs-adangerouspredator【參考答案】CCBB第二節(jié)、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sciencecanhelpyouimproveyourstudymethods.Formorethan100years,psychologistshavedoneresearchonwhichstudyhabitsworkbest.Sometipshelpforalmosteverysubject.Forexample,don'tjustcram!Andtestyourself,insteadofjustrereadingthematerial.Hereare4tipstotweakyourstudyhabits.1.SpaceoutyourstudyingNateKornell,apsychologistatWilliamsCollege,thinksit'sagoodideatostudythedaybeforeabigtest.1_______.Instead,spaceoutthosestudysessions.Kornellcomparesourmemorytowaterinabucketthathasasmallleak.Trytorefillthebucketwhileit'sstillfull,andyoucan'taddmuchmorewater.Allowtimebetweenstudysessions,andsomeofthematerialmaydripoutofyourmemory.2_______.Andyou'llrememberitbetter,nexttime,henotes.2.Practice,practice,practice!Musicianspracticetheirinstruments.3_______.Thesameshouldgoforlearning.“Ifyouwanttobeabletorememberinformation,thebestthingyoucandoispractice,"saysKatherineRawson.She'sapsychologistatKentStateUniversityinOhio.Inone2013study,studentstookpracticetestsoverseveralweeks.Onthefinaltest,theyscoredmorethanafulllettergradebetter,onaverage,thandidstudentswhostudiedthewaytheynormallyhad.3.TestyourselfThat2010studybacksuponeofNebel'spreferredstudyhabits.Beforebigtests,hermomquizzedheronthematerial."NowIknowthatwasretrievalpractice,"shesays."It'soneofthebestwaysyoucanstudy."AsNebelgotolder,shequizzedherself.Forexample,shemightcoverupthedefinitionsinhernotebook.Thenshetriedtorecallwhateachtermmeant."4_______,"Sanasuggests."Putquestionsononesideandtheanswersontheotherside."Friendscanevenquizeachotheronthephone,shesays."Trytoquizyourselfthewaytheteacherasksquestions,"Nebeladds.4.DigdeeperIt'shardtorememberastringoffactsandfiguresifyoudon'tpushfurther.Askwhythingsareacertainway.Howdidtheycomeabout?Whydotheymatter?Psychologistscallthiselaboration.It'stakingclassmaterialand"askingalotofhowandwhyquestionsaboutit,"Nebelsays.Inotherwords,don'tjustacceptfactsatfacevalue.5_______.Anditcreatesabiggernetworkinyourbrainofthingsthatrelatetooneanother,shesays.Thatlargernetworkmakesiteasiertolearnandrememberthings.A.SomeexpertsholdthatstudyinglateatnightcanbereallyusefulB.Ofcourse,nothingcanreplacestudyingwithyourmotherC.ThishelpsyoucombinenewinformationwithotherthingsyouknowD.Butthenyou'llbeabletorelearnitandlearn
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