2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題4-任務(wù)型閱讀一

2021年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題4任務(wù)型閱讀〔一〕一、任務(wù)型閱讀1.〔2021·浙江〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles.Eventhoughthereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,theymakeverydifferentmusic.________AtthattimetheBeatlesenteredtheworldofmusicfromLiverpool.AftertheyweregivenaninvitationtoappearliveonBBC,theBeatlesquicklybecamefamousinBritainwithnationwidetours.Bymid-1963,theBeatleshadbeenextremelypopularinEngland.________Theyheldlargeconcertsandperformedatclubs.TheybecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland.Theybeganasamodestlysuccessfulmusiciangroupandendedtheyearasshowbusinesslegends〔傳說(shuō)〕.JohnLennonandPaulMcCartneywerenamedcomposersoftheyear.

________TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic.BeatlemaniahitNewYorkonFebruary7,1964.Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem.________

Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudienceinthehistoryoftelevisionuptothattime.TheBeatlesweredescribedasaBritishinvasion〔入侵〕bylocalandnationwidenewspapersatthattime.TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.ThankstotheBeatles,alotofopportunitieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket.________A.TheydecidedonatourtotheUnitedStatesin1964.B.Eventheirhairstylesbecamemajortrendsatthattime.C.Rockmusicdevelopedinthe1950sandtheearly1960s.D.However,theirsongschangedthelivesofgenerationstocome.E.ManyrockbandswereabletofollowinthefootstepsoftheBeatles.F.TheyappearedinthefilmsAHardDay'sNight〔1964〕andHelp！〔1965〕.G.TheyperformedtheirfirstconcertinAmericaatCBStelevision's53rdstreetstudio.【答案】C；B；A；G；E【考點(diǎn)】七選五【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，介紹披頭士搖滾樂(lè)隊(duì)的崛起和對(duì)音樂(lè)的引領(lǐng)。〔1〕段中句。根據(jù)后一句的atthattime可知此處涉及時(shí)間，theBeatlesenteredtheworldofmusic

與developed對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為C。〔2〕段中句。有前后句中的they可將答案范圍縮小，根據(jù)前一句中的extremelypopular與選項(xiàng)B中的Eventheirhairstylesbecamemajortrends照應(yīng)，故答案為B?！?〕段首句。后一句中“他們不確定howtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic〞

是他們?nèi)ッ绹?guó)前的態(tài)度，與選項(xiàng)A中的decidedonatourtotheUnitedStates

有緊密聯(lián)系。故答案為A?！?〕段中句。本段描述披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)在美國(guó)的受歡送程度。前一句fansjammedtheairporttogreetthem描寫粉絲們的熱情，后一句中的Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudience說(shuō)明他們?cè)陂_(kāi)演唱會(huì)，同時(shí)選項(xiàng)G中的performedtheirfirstconcertinAmerica，與前文提到的他們第一次到美國(guó)照應(yīng)，故答案為G。〔5〕段尾句。根據(jù)前一句ThankstotheBeatles,alotofopportunitieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket.

感謝披頭士，市場(chǎng)中很多時(shí)機(jī)向新面孔翻開(kāi)。可知此處應(yīng)舉例，選項(xiàng)E中的Manyrockbandswereabletofollowinthefootstep就是因?yàn)榕^士樂(lè)隊(duì)的影響的表現(xiàn)。故答案為E。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題重在考查上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，答題時(shí)首先瀏覽文章主旨，并理解各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的含義。然后再讀短文，選出最能使上下文語(yǔ)義通順的選項(xiàng)，注意段落大意，空格前后的關(guān)鍵詞等信息，完成后要通讀一篇，看語(yǔ)義是否通順，是否符合邏輯，必要的話做適當(dāng)修改。2.〔2021·北京〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.________Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

________Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.________Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,"ThereisnoIinTEAM."________

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比賽),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

________.AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustaplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.【答案】B；E；G；D；F【考點(diǎn)】七選五【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了建立一支最正確陣容球隊(duì)比簡(jiǎn)單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些有雅量的普通球員?！?〕考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前“

Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.

〞大多數(shù)人相信建立一個(gè)偉大團(tuán)隊(duì)的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天賦的個(gè)人；根據(jù)空后“Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.

〞公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬(wàn)雇傭頂級(jí)商業(yè)人士。該空承上啟下，也是在舉例，B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent“運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)老板花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元吸引頂尖人才。〞切題，應(yīng)選B?！?〕考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空后“Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.〞他們專注于足球、籃球和籃球。結(jié)果有好有壞。這些都屬于體育方面，該空引出下文，E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.“最近的幾項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了體育世界中人才的作用。〞切題，應(yīng)選E?！?〕考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前“

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.

〞為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員探索了一場(chǎng)好的表現(xiàn)要求隊(duì)員們協(xié)調(diào)他們行動(dòng)的程度，下文說(shuō)明了研究結(jié)果，該空承上啟下，G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.“這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的相互依賴性使棒球區(qū)別于足球和籃球。〞切題，應(yīng)選G?！?〕考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前“hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.

〞一個(gè)球星為了個(gè)人得分，而影響團(tuán)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)〞，該空承接上文，D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.“球星顯然沒(méi)有遵守運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)精神的根本原那么〞切題，應(yīng)選D?！?〕考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空后“AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustaplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.〞一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些有雅量的普通球員。該空引出下文，F(xiàn).Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.“建立一支最正確陣容球隊(duì)比簡(jiǎn)單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。〞切題，應(yīng)選F?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】此題要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的根底上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。3.〔2021·江蘇〕請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。TheCostofThinking

Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.

Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.

Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(傾骨).It'sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(類人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.

Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.

Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.

Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.TheCostofThinkingIntroduction?Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo________ofhumanbeings.The________oflargehumanbrains?Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.?Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.?Theanimalbrainrequiresless________whenthebodyisatrest.?Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.The________ofwalkingupright?Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor________againstenemies.?Freedhandscanservesome________purposeandperformcomplextasks.?Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and________thesizeofbrains.?Walkinguprightresultsin________sufferings.Conclusion?Withalargebrain,humanbeings________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.?Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained________ofmeat-eatinganimals.【答案】characteristics；disadvantages；energy；impact(s)；guard；other；limits；physical；beat；fearful/afraid【考點(diǎn)】任務(wù)型閱讀【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人用大腦思考的代價(jià)。人類與動(dòng)物相比有兩大特點(diǎn)：大大的大腦和直立行走。超大的大腦使人類擁有更高的智商，但卻消耗巨大的能量。直立行走讓人類擅長(zhǎng)尋找食物和抵御敵人，解放了的雙手來(lái)更復(fù)雜的事。但卻讓人類遭受腰痛和頸部疼痛等。人類成為地球上最強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)物，享受無(wú)與倫比的優(yōu)勢(shì)，卻對(duì)食肉動(dòng)物懷有恐懼?！?〕信息歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“allhumanbeingssharedefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.〞可知，大腦袋和雙腿直立行走的能力是人類共有的特點(diǎn)(characteristics)。故填characteristics?！?〕信息歸納題。此題就是對(duì)第三段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。第三段主要表達(dá)了人類的大腦大的缺點(diǎn)。因此本空格填寫disadvantages?！?〕信息來(lái)源題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ahugebrainisahugedrain--consumptionofenergy〞以及“It(thebrain)consumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparisonthebrainsofapesrequireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy〞可知，人類巨大的大腦是一個(gè)巨大的能量消耗。當(dāng)身體處于休息時(shí)，大腦要消耗25%的身體能量。相比之下，類人猿的大腦只需要8%的休息時(shí)間能量。人類與動(dòng)物相比，動(dòng)物需要的能量〔energy〕要比人類少。故填energy?！?〕信息歸納題。分析空后的75--78小題所在的第五段和第六段的內(nèi)容可知，此局部主要表達(dá)了直立行走對(duì)人類的影響。故填impact(s)?！?〕信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.〞可知，另一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人類特征是我們直立行走。站起來(lái)，更容易找到食物或敵人。找到敵人，就是為了防御敵人。因?yàn)閛r為連詞，在此句中連結(jié)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，故空格填動(dòng)詞?！癵uardagainst...〞為固定搭配，意為“防御〞，故填guard?！?〕信息來(lái)源題。根據(jù)第五段中的〞...theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformoving

aroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.〞可知，解放了的雙手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other?！?〕信息歸納題。根據(jù)第五段“walkinguprighthasdisadvantages.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonfourandarelativesmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.〞可知，直立行走也有缺點(diǎn)。我們祖先進(jìn)化了上百億年，骨骼也只能支撐四肢行走和有一個(gè)相對(duì)較小的頭。直立行走對(duì)人類的骨架是一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的挑戰(zhàn)，限制了人的頭腦的大小。故本空填limits?！?〕信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段“...,Humankindpaidforitsvisionandskillfulhandswithbackachesandpainfulnecks.〞可知，直立對(duì)人類的骨架是一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的挑戰(zhàn)，人類為自己的視力和靈巧的雙手付出了代價(jià)，換來(lái)的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立導(dǎo)致身體方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。〔9〕信息歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段“Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimal

onearth.〞可知，我們假設(shè)大腦越大，優(yōu)勢(shì)越大。很明顯，這些使得人類成為地球上最強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)物。由此可推斷出我們的大腦比動(dòng)物大，在智力方面人類比動(dòng)物更聰明，即在智力方面擊敗了(beat)其他動(dòng)物。故填beat?！?0〕信息歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段“...humansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyweakandmarginalcreatures.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat--eatinganimals.〞可知，盡管人類享受著所有這些優(yōu)勢(shì)，但也是弱小的生物。因此盡管擁有巨大的大腦和鋒利的石器，但也曾經(jīng)對(duì)食肉動(dòng)物仍舊害怕/恐懼。因?yàn)榭涨笆窍祫?dòng)詞，故本空要填形容詞(afraid/fearful)可知，此處要填名詞，故填fearful/afraid?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考點(diǎn)涉及信息歸納，信息轉(zhuǎn)換題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握所給材料，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和詞匯知識(shí)，做出正確答案。4.〔2021·天津〕閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)答復(fù)下列問(wèn)題。HazeMabry,whohasworkedasaschoolkeeperforthirteenyears,walksintotheschoolbuildingeverydayandemptiesgarbagecans,wipesdownbathroomsandmopswetmessesinthehallways.

LastFriday,afterhearrivedattheschool,insteadoffindinggarbagetocleanup,hefoundalmost800studentsliningthehallwayswithhandmadecards,blowingnoisemakersandsingingafull-throatedhappybirthdaytohim.Itwashis80th.Ashewalkedthelonghallway,somepoppedoutoflimetohughim.Theyhandedhimsomanycardsthattheyfilledseverallargeboxes.Touchedbytheirenthusiasticexpressionofaffection.Mabrythankedthemall."They'relikemychildren,"Mabrysaid.

Onaregularday,studentsattheschoolsometimescomeuptohimtosaythey'renotfeelingwellorothertimestotellhimaboutsomethingthathappenedatbreak.Heknowsmostofthekidsattheschool,butcan'tnameeachone.Someofthemmakehimknowthem.LikeFaith,whooftenforgetsherbackpackinthecafeteria,andLucy,whojustwantsahug.

"Hewon'tbrag〔夸耀〕onhimself,butitdoesn'tmatterwhathe'sdoingorwhereheis,hewillalwaysstopwhathe'sdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday.Ifachildapproacheshim,hewillpausetogivethatchildhisundividedattention.He'sthemostlovedoneinthisbuilding,"saidLoriGilreath,areadingteacher.

Mabryworkscirclesaroundallthestudents,cleaningupmessesothersdon'twanttotouch.Hedoesn'texpectalot.Mabrysaidhehadn'tplannedtodomuchforhismilestonebirthday,sohewashappythestudentshadpreparedthesurprisecelebration.

Overtheweekend,heworkedthroughthepilesofhandmadecardsathishouse.Onecardfromastudentstoodouttohim.Itread:"Mr.Haze,youaremysunshine.〞〔1〕WhatisMabry'sdailyworkasaschoolkeeper？〔nomorethan5words〕〔2〕HowdidthestudentscelebrateMabry'sbirthday？〔nomorethan15words〕〔3〕WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2probablymean？〔1word〕〔4〕WhyisMabry'spresenceattheschoolimportant？〔nomorethan10words〕〔5〕Whoisthe"sunshine"inyourlife？Pleaseexplain.〔nomorethan20words〕【答案】〔1〕Cleaningthe〔school〕building.Or:Doing〔the〕cleaning.Or:Hecleansthe〔school〕building.Or:Hedoes〔the〕cleaning.〔2〕Byliningthehallways，blowingnoisemakers，singingasong，handinghimcards，andhugginghim.Or:Byliningthehallwayswith〔handmade〕cards，blowingnoisemakers，singingasong，andhugginghim.Or:Theylinedthehallways，blewnoisemakers，sangasong，handedhimcards，andhuggedhim.Or:Theylinedthehallwayswith〔handmade〕cards，blewnoisemakers，sangasong，andhuggedhim.〔3〕Love.Or:Liking.Or:Fondness.〔4〕〔Because〕heloves/caresabout〔the〕studentsandworkshard.Or:〔Because〕heloves〔the〕studentsandisdevotedtohiswork.Or:〔Because〕heiskind/caring/helpfultothestudents，andhard-working.Or:〔Because〕heisregardedasakind/warm-hearted/helpful/caringandhard-workingman.〔5〕Myfather/mother.〔Because〕he/shelovesmeandencouragesmewhenI'mfaced/confrontedwithdifficulties.Or:Myteacher.〔Because〕he/shecaresaboutmeandpreparesmeformyfuturecareer.Or:Myfriend.〔Because〕he/shebringsmejoy/happinessandgivesmealotofcomfort/help/encouragement.【考點(diǎn)】閱讀表達(dá)，任務(wù)型閱讀【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，清潔工Mabry的日常工作就是清掃學(xué)校大樓。Mabry愛(ài)學(xué)生，關(guān)心學(xué)生。學(xué)生們也尊敬他，喜歡他。在他80生日那天，學(xué)生們用自己的方式祝賀他的生日，表達(dá)了對(duì)Mabry的熱愛(ài)?！?〕考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“HazeMabry,whohasworksasaschoolkeeperforthirteenyears,walksintotheschoolbuildingeverydayandemptygarbagecans,wipesdownbathrooms,andmopswetmessesinthehallways.〞可知HazeMabry是一位清潔工，他的日常工作就是清掃學(xué)校大樓。因此本句的答案可為：Cleaningthe(school)building./Doing〔the〕cleaning./Hecleansthe(school)building./Hedoes(the)cleaning.〔2〕考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“LastFriday,...hefoundalmost800studentsliningthehallwayswithhandmadecards,blowingnoisemakersandsingingafull-throatedhappybirthdaytohim.和somepoppedoutoflinetohughim.〞可知，上個(gè)周五，他發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎有800名學(xué)生在走廊里排隊(duì)，拿著手制卡片，吹口哨，為他唱了一首響亮的生日快樂(lè)歌，擁抱他。因此答案為：Byliningthehallways,blowingnoisemakers,singingasong,handinghimcards,andhugginghim./Byliningthehallwayswith(handmade)cards,blowingnoisemakers,singingasong,andhugginghim.

/Theylinedthehallways,blewnoisemakers,sangasong,handedhimcards,andhuggedhim.

/Theylinedthehallwayswith(handmade)card,blewnoisemakers,sangasong,handedhimcards,andhuggedhim.〔3〕考查詞義猜想。根據(jù)第二段學(xué)生們?yōu)镸abry慶祝生日的方式和劃線詞后的內(nèi)容“Mabrythankedthemall,〞以及“They'relikemychildren.〞可知Mabry愛(ài)學(xué)生，把學(xué)生當(dāng)作自己的孩子。那么學(xué)生們也表達(dá)了他們對(duì)Mabry的熱愛(ài)。因此Mabry被學(xué)生的愛(ài)所感動(dòng)，故所以的“affection〞相當(dāng)于“Love〞，故填love/Liking

/Fondness.〔4〕考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“...hewillalwaysstopwhathe'sdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday.Ifachildapproacheshim,hewillpausetogivethatboyhisundividedattention.He'sthemostlovedoneinthisbuilding.〞以及最后一段中的“Mabryworkscirclesaroundallthestudents,cleaningupmessesothersdon'twanttotouch.Hedoesn'texpectalot.〞可知，Mabry關(guān)心保護(hù)孩子，幫助孩子，是一個(gè)善良、熱心的人。一個(gè)不怕臟不怕累、勤奮工作的人。因此答案為：(Because)heloves/caresabout〔the〕studentsandworkshard.

/(Because)helovesthestudentsanddevotedtohiswork.

/(Because)heiskind/caring/helpingtothestudents,andhard-working.

/(Because)heisregardedasakind/warm-hearted/helpful/caringandhard-workingman.〔5〕考查學(xué)生的觀察綜合表達(dá)能力。此題的題目：whoisthe"sunshine"inyourlife?〞誰(shuí)是你生活中的陽(yáng)光？只要在生活或?qū)W習(xí)中幫助過(guò)你，關(guān)心你、保護(hù)你的，鼓勵(lì)你，撫慰你的都可稱為yoursunshine。因此答案可為：Myfather/mother.(Because)he/shelovesmeandencouragedmewhenI'mfaced/confrontedwithdifficulties.

Or:Myteacher.(Because)he/shecaresaboutmeandpreparesmeformyfuturecareer.

Or:Myfriend.(Because)he/shebringsmejoy/happinessandgivesmealotofcomfort/help/encouragement.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜想以及綜合表達(dá)能力等題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握所給材料，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而做出正確答案。5.〔2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.________

WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic〔邏輯〕ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.

Do's

________

Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus〔教學(xué)大綱〕andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn'thidinginplainsight.

Participateindiscussionforums〔論壇〕,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.________

Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame.

Don'ts

Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.________

Don'topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.________

Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor'sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyourcomments.A.That'swhattheyarefor.B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E.Belowaresomecommondo'sanddon'tforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.【答案】E；G；A；C；F【考點(diǎn)】七選五【解析】【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌?！?〕段中句。根據(jù)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)和本段首句Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.可知，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康交流模式是非常重要的，根據(jù)下文中的do's和don'ts可知此處此處為文章的主題句，故答案為E?！?〕段首句。根據(jù)其后一句Questions

about

subject

content

are

generally

welcomed.〔與課程內(nèi)容相關(guān)的問(wèn)題是受歡送的〕，解釋了什么樣的問(wèn)題是好問(wèn)題，可知，與G項(xiàng)makesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions相照應(yīng)，要提一些好的令人深思的問(wèn)題，故答案為G?！?〕段中句。根據(jù)前一句Participateindiscussionforums〔論壇〕,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue可知，要參與論壇討論、博客和其他開(kāi)放式的對(duì)話論壇。而這正是網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂采用的交流的途徑，故答案為A?！?〕段尾句。根據(jù)本段Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends教授不是訓(xùn)練有素的護(hù)士，不是經(jīng)濟(jì)援助專家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享個(gè)人信息或故事，如果他們需要更多信息的話，他們會(huì)主動(dòng)問(wèn)起的，故答案為C?！?〕段中句。通讀本段，并根據(jù)本段主題句

Don'topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass告誡讀者，每個(gè)人都可能曾經(jīng)上過(guò)不太好的課，不要在社交媒體上攻擊教授，不要公開(kāi)表達(dá)對(duì)教授或班級(jí)的不滿，要利用課程評(píng)價(jià)冷靜地提出你的意見(jiàn)。選答案為F。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題重在考查上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，答題時(shí)首先瀏覽文章主旨，并理解各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的含義。然后再讀短文，選出最能使上下文語(yǔ)義通順的選項(xiàng)，注意段落大意，空格前后的關(guān)鍵詞等信息，完成后要通讀一篇，看語(yǔ)義是否通順，是否符合邏輯，必要的話做適當(dāng)修改。6.〔2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.________Likethechildon

the

diving

board,youwillstayundecided.

________

Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvaluesyourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyouryou'reyourgoals

Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.________

So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity〔清晰〕ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.

Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.________

Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.

Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeaPilotbutcan'tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.________Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.

Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Youcannotovercomethemwithoutamplemotivation.Makesurethatyouplanforthesedifficultiesatthetimeofsettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivationyoucanneithersetagoalnorreachit【答案】G；B；A；E；C【考點(diǎn)】七選五【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文，談?wù)搫?dòng)機(jī)與目標(biāo)設(shè)立的關(guān)系?！?〕段中句。前一句“動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)的設(shè)定是硬幣的兩面〞，所以可以判斷此處論述motivation與goalsetting的關(guān)系，故答案為G?！?〕段首句。下文中的More

thanthat后面的howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethe

goal?是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，所以可以判斷此處的句式與后面的問(wèn)句相似，都涉及到“motivate〞，故答案為B?！?〕段中句。根據(jù)前一句yourheart

isnot

in

yourwork，這就會(huì)“影響你的工作〞，后一句So,slowdown

and

think…提出應(yīng)對(duì)措施，故答案為A?！?〕段中句。根據(jù)前一句goals

are

flexible，選項(xiàng)E中的they與goals對(duì)應(yīng)，change

according

to

circumstances與flexible〔靈活的〕對(duì)應(yīng)；另外后一句中的also說(shuō)明此處涉及目標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)，故答案為E?！?〕段中句。前文提到“想當(dāng)飛行員但是視力不好〞，后一句說(shuō)“你要重新評(píng)估你的目標(biāo)，鼓勵(lì)自己設(shè)定新的目標(biāo)〞，所以此處是承上啟下的句子，故答案為C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】這是一篇議論文，重在考查上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，答題時(shí)首先瀏覽文章主旨，并理解各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的含義。然后再讀短文，選出最能使上下文語(yǔ)義通順的選項(xiàng)，注意段落大意，空格前后的關(guān)鍵詞等信息，完成后要通讀一篇，看語(yǔ)義是否通順，是否符合邏輯，必要的話做適當(dāng)修改。7.〔2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?

Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."________

Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.

________

Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.

Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).________

Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.________

Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.

________Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveisbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【答案】E；A；G；C；D【考點(diǎn)】七選五【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文，談?wù)撛跊](méi)有污染的環(huán)境中，新鮮空氣對(duì)人體有好處，能加快病人的康復(fù)。A.Freshaircleansourlungs.新鮮的空氣清潔我們的肺。B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?所以你在等待什么？C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.待在自然中可以讓我們恢復(fù)精力。D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.得到新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)好處是陽(yáng)光。E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?但是新鮮的空氣真的正如你媽媽經(jīng)常說(shuō)的那樣對(duì)你有好處嗎？F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.

同樣重要的是，我們傾向于將空氣與醫(yī)療保健聯(lián)系起來(lái)。G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.全國(guó)各地的康復(fù)中心都開(kāi)始建造康復(fù)花園?！?〕段中句，看前后。根據(jù)后一句theanswerisabigYES可知此處是一般疑問(wèn)句，故答案為E?！?〕段首句，看下文。根據(jù)后一句Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving，energizingoxygen可知干凈的空氣富含提神的氧氣，這是在解釋新鮮