北京房山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題學(xué)業(yè)水平調(diào)研一2

房山區(qū)20232024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平調(diào)研（一）高二英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分100分，考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroke.Idecidedtoaskmy11yearoldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Sheagreedto___1___methemoney,butadded,“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”“poundinterest—what’sthat?”Iasked.“Well,interestisthe___2___moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,”sheexplained.“poundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthelongeryoutaketopaybacktheloan.”“Sure.Igetit,”Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting___3___.Kathleenlentmethemoney,andI___4___thetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.ThatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoy.I___5___payingmysisterforamonth.Afteranothermonth,Iforgotabouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$20billinourstockings.IwasjustputtingitintomypocketwhenKathleenstoppedme.“Sorry,that’smine.I’m___6___onyourdebt.”“Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?Ionlyborrowed$10.“True,”shesaid,“but___7___hasbeenpoundingforeightmonths.Nowyouoweme$21.43.”Irefusedto___8___thata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy___9___,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Thistime,Igotthebasicideaofpoundinterest.I_____10_____thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletrouble”innotime.Mysistersuccessfullytaughtmehowtouseandmanagemymoney.1.A.hand B.lend C.give D.pay2.A.limited B.exact C.extra D.same3.A.satisfied B.confused C.frightened D.encouraged4.A.sold B.made C.fixed D.bought5.A.putoff B.tookup C.endedup D.startedoff6.A.relying B.focusing C.carrying D.collecting7.A.interest B.cost C.tax D.salary8.A.announce B.promise C.prove D.believe9.A.annoyance B.regret C.relief D.delight10.A.questioned B.explained C.learned D.explored第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheLittlePrince____11____(tell)ustheimportanceoflookingbeneaththesurfaceofthingstouncovertheirrealmeanings.Ilikeitbecauseitissimple,andyetitreallymademethinkalot____12____lifeanddeath,loveandresponsibility,friendshipandloneliness.Oneofthemostmemorablecharactersinthebookisarose,____13____thelittleprincefellinlovewith.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIhurriedtothestore,Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedinto____14____(box).IhadalongchatwithCasey,thestore’selderlyowner.Sighing____15____(deep),hetoldmehowitwasbeingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.Moreandmorecustomers____16____(attract)bychainstoresandonlinediscounts.Itriedtothinkofsomewordsofsympathy,____17____IhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn’tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。It’satragicstorythat____18____(begin)in1810whenhumansarrivedonMacquarieIsland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland____19____(eat)thebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheisland____20____(control)theratsandmice.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIfyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.MerriamWebsterMerriamWebsterisawellknownandhighlytrusteddictionary.Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamples.Itevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!Thisfeatureisperfectwhenyouhearawordyoudon’tunderstandbutaren’tsurehowit’swritten.OxfordDictionaryofEnglishTheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishappisaprehensiveandreliableresourceforEnglishlanguagereference.Theappprovidesclearandconcisedefinitions,alongwithaudiopronunciationsandexamplesentences.Youcanalsoaccesssynonyms,antonymsandwordorigins.Additionally,theappoffersofflinefunctionality,allowingyoutoaccessthedictionaryevenwithoutaninternetconnection.VocabularyTheVocabularydictionaryappisexcellentforEnglishlearnersbecauseithasveryeasytounderstanddefinitions.Thesitesaysit’s“asifyourfavoriteteacherwereexplainingittoyou.”Eachdefinitionhasexplanationsofwhatthewordmeansandalsowhenandhowyouwoulduseit.Iteventurnslearningintoagamebylettingyouearnpoints!FluentUFluentUtakesrealworldvideosandturnsthemintopersonalizedlanguagelearninglessons.ItusesanaturalapproachthathelpsyoueaseintotheEnglishlanguageandcultureovertime.You’lllearnEnglishasit’sspokeninreallife.ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!21.MerriamWebsterappcanhelpEnglishlearners________.A.findrightwordstospeakperfectEnglishB.searchforawordevenwithoutaninternetconnectionC.learndifficultwordsbypracticingmoreandreviewingD.lookforawordwhentheyareunsureaboutitsspelling22.WhichdictionaryappprovesEnglishlearnerswithsimpledefinitionsandinterestinglearning?A.MerriamWebster. B.OxfordDictionaryofEnglish.C.Vocabulary. D.FluentU.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toremendusefuldictionaryapps.B.TogivesuggestionsonEnglishlearning.CToofferadviceonhowtouseadictionaryapp.D.TointroducethesourcesofEnglishvocabulary.BWhenIwaslittle,mydadwouldletmesitbesidehimotheporchwhilehepainted.Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butIneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.Itwasalongwayup,butIthoughtI’dgiveitashot.Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.Iwasmilesofftheground!Butthekitewasstillbeyondmyreach.IcaughtmybreathandforcedmyselftoconcentrateonthekiteasIclimbedup.WhenIhadthekitefree,Ineededaminutetorest.That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.Justsoaringabovetheearth,sailingamongtheclouds.ThenIgottonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itseemedlikesunshineandwildgrassandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththesweetestsmellI’deverknown.Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.Itwasonadaylikethatwhenmyfather’snotion(觀念)movedfrommyheadtomyheart.Theviewfrommysycamorewasmorethanrooftopsandcloudsandwindandcolorsbined.24.Whydidtheauthorclimbupthesycamoretree?A.Topracticeclimbingskills. B.Togetatrappedkite.C.Toprovehercourage. D.Toplayinthetree.25.Theauthor’sclimbingexperiencewas________.A.wellplannedandinteresting B.adventurousbutrewardingC.petitiveandimaginative D.unusualbutpainful26.Theauthorlikedbeinguphighinthetreebecause________.AshecouldenjoymorethangoodviewsB.herfatherencouragedhertodosoC.itcouldhelphertoconcentrateD.thetreehadthesweetestsmell27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.B.Beautifulthingsdon’taskforattention.C.Positiveactionleadstohappiness.D.Practicemakesperfect.CMakinguseofthewind,thewateror,formorethanhalfofallplantspecies,animals,plantsdisperse(散播)seedsfarandwide.Frugivores—animalssuchasgibbonsthatfeedonthefleshyfruitsofplants—eatandthenexcrete(排泄)seedsawayfromtheoriginaltree.TheAfricansavannaelephantcancarryseedsuptoarecordbreakingdistanceof65kilometres.Thisabilitytoshiftgeographicalrangeswillbecrucialtoplantswhenitestosurvivingclimatechange.However,justlikeallgibbonspecies,theAfricansavannaelephantisendangered,itspopulationdownby60percentoverthepast50years.ResearchersinDenmarkandtheUSAhavepublishedanewstudyintohowthelossofseeddispersinganimalscouldaffecttheresilience(恢復(fù)力)offorestsandothernaturalecosystems.Theyfoundthat,historically,thedeclineofseeddispersinganimalshashadthegreatestinfluenceonplantsacrossthetemperate(溫帶的)regionsofNorthandSouthAmerica,EuropeandsouthernAustralia.“Ourtemperateecosystemshavelostalotofthenaturalseeddispersalfunctionthattheywouldhavehad,”explainsEvanFricke,leadauthorofthestudy,referringtolargemammalsthatwereoncewidespreadintheseregions.Nevertheless,thepoorconservationstatusofmanyseeddispersingtropicalanimalsputsplantsinregionssuchasSoutheastAsiaandMadagascarmostatrisktoday.Withoutthepreservationofsuchanimals,globalseeddispersalcoulddeclinebyafurther15percent.“Thedirectimplicationofthisdeclineisthatmanyplantspecieswillbeunabletokeeppacewithachangingclimate,”saysFricke.“Thatmeansthepotentiallossnotonlyofplantbiodiversitybutoftheecosystemfunctionsthatthoseplantsprovide.”Aswildlifeislost,plantscannolongeradaptandsurviveandforestsbeelesssustainable,whichreducestheamountofcarbontheycanstore.Theyalsolosetheirabilitytosupportwildlife.Wholeecosystemsaredisrupted.Theconclusion,Frickesays,isclear:wemustconservecurrentlyendangeredspeciesandrestorethepopulationsofimportantseeddispersers.“Independentofclimatechange,rewildinghasthepotentialtobenefitourecosystems,butinachangingclimate,ithastheaddedbenefitofincreasingtheclimateresilienceofthoseecosystems,”hesays.28.TheauthormentionstheAfricansavannaelephantinParagraph1to________.A.provideasolution B.predicttheendingC.expressanopinion D.highlighttheproblem29.Asforseeddispersinganimals,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Theyarevitalandendangered.B.Theyarebeingwellconserved.C.Theyareunrelatedtowholeecosystems.D.Theyarewidespreadacrossthetemperateregions.30.WhatdoesFrickeconcludefromthestudy?A.Seeddispersinganimalsplayanimportantroleinpreventingclimatechange.B.Thelossofseeddispersinganimalshashardlyaffectedtemperateregions.C.Rewildingcanpromotetheclimateresilienceofourecosystems.D.Plantsdisperseseedsbywayofanimalsexcretingthem.DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscriptionbased(訂閱)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansstartedtoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadelittleprogress,andthetraditionalsubscriptionbasedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,onofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.Elsevierwantedthelibrariestopaytwofees:oneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tetoterms,thelibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlanS.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetoplainthatPlanSdeprives(剝奪)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystemstartedin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlymoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entrenched”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Unpopular. B.Unfixed. C.Unchanged. D.Unknown.32.WhatisthemaincauseofthefailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thenumberofpublishedresearches.B.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.C.Thedurationofthecontract.D.Thewayofpayment.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicsthinkopenaccessmodelwillhelpthemgetpromoted.B.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.C.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.D.Openaccessmodelwillsoontaketheplaceofsubscriptionbasedmodel.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Disapproving. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Emojisareeverywhere.Theyoffereffectiveandfunwaystointeractwithothers.Usedwell,theycanbeeanengagingandcreativeadditiontomunication.____35____Onewellchosenemojicanreplacemanywordsoftext____36____Orathumbsupemojimightsaveyoufromwritingoutyouragreementtosomethinginfull.____37____Andwhenyoucan’thearsomeone’stoneofvoiceorreadtheirbodylanguage,animagecanbeparticularlyhelpfulforunderstandingtheirmeaning.Emojisareclear,colorful,anddesignedtoconveyasinglemessagememorably—whichhasbeenshowntoincreaseinterestandengagement.Theystandoutamongtext,especiallywhentherecipientisworkingquicklyoronthemove.Manyemojismeanthesamethingtoeveryone,everywhere.____38____Forexample,asmilingfaceemojiwillletanyoneknowthatyou’rehappy,whateverlanguageyouspeak!Emojiscanhelpyoutoshowyourhumanside,makingyouseemfriendlierandmoreapproachable.What’smore,thebrainreactstoimagesoffaces,andtorealfaces,inaverysimilarway.Alongsideallthepotentialbenefitsofemojisthatwe’velistedabove,therearealsodangersyou’llneedtoguardagainst.____39____Forexample,aredfacedcharactercouldbeangry,orembarrassed.Likeanylanguage,youneedto“speakEmoji”withcare.Ifnot,youruntheriskofcreatingconfusion,conveyingthewrongimpression,orevencausingseriousoffense.A.Herearesomeofthereasonswhyemojisaresopopular.B.Manyemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.C.Anemojiisofteneasierandquickertounderstandthanawrittenexplanation.D.Sotheycanbreakthroughlanguagebarriers,andpromoteeasymunication.E.Forexample,youcouldselectanemojiofahousetosetyourstatusas“workingfromhome.”F.Apoorlychosenemojicancauseproblems,becausesomeoftheimagesarenotuniversallyunderstood.G.Forexample,thecrossedfingersemojimeansgoodluckinsomeplaces,butit’sseenasanimpolitesigninothers.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。Skyscrapers(摩天大樓)aretheultimatesymbolofurbanlife.By2050,almost80percentoftheearth’spopulationcouldliveincities.Thehumanpopulationcouldincreaseto9.1billionpeopleyettheamountoflandavailableforfarmingwillbethesame.Howtomeettheincreasingfoodneedsofourplanetcouldbeabigproblem.Verticalfarms,whereurbanfarmerscouldgrowcropsinenvironmentallyfriendlyskyscrapers,couldbethesolution.Inspiteofconcernsoverhighcosts,expertswanttomaketheseurbanfarmsarealityandusetheseskyscraperstogrowcrops.Theybelievethatwecanincreasefoodproductionbychangingourthinkingfromouttoup.Verticalfarmswouldhavemanyadvantages,expertssay.Thefoodwouldbegrownwithminimaleffectsontheenvironment.Unliketraditionalfarming,verticalfarmingwouldnotforceanimalsoutoftheirhabitatsbytakingoverlargeareasofland,norwoulditpollutetheairwiththeuseofheavyfarmingequipment.Thosefarmswouldalsoreducethecostandne