2023-2024學(xué)年河南省商丘地區(qū)重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省商丘地區(qū)重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第I卷(選擇題)一、閱讀理解：本大題共16小題，共38分。ALately,an86.6-metre-tallmass-timber(拼接木材)towerinMilwaukee,WisconsindesignedbyKorb+AssociatesArchitects,hasbeencertifiedastheworld’stallesttimberbuilding.Locatedinaneighbourhoodnearthelakefront,the25-storeytowerismadealmostentirelyfromtimberexceptforthebase,elevatorsandstairshafts(豎井).Thestructuretookonlytwoyearstobuild.Ithasaconcrete-framedpodium(基座)atthebasethatissixstoreystallandthe19-storeytimbertowerrisesfromthepodium.Thecorecontainingtheelevatorshaftandstaircaseismadeofconcretetohelpthebuildingdealwithwindandearthquakes,aswellasforfiresafetyreasons.“Ourcoresareconcrete,”Korb+AssociatesArchitectsfounderJasonKorbsaid.ThorntonTomasettiassociateAlejandroFernandez,whoworkedontheproject,saidthatthecityrequiredathree-hourfireratingforthecolumns,sotheteamworkedwiththeForestProductsLaboratorytooptimizethecolumnstomeetthisstandard.“Wethinkitwasthefirstthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns,”saidFernandez,addingthatthefloorplateshadatwo-hourrating,meaningthecomponentscanburnfortwohourswithoutlosingstructuralintegrity.Becauseofrequirementspreventingexternalwoodexposureandthedeveloper’sdesiretocapturethelakeviews,theoutsideofthestructureismadealmostentirelyofglassandmetalpanelling.BothKorbandFernandezagreedthatmanyofthedriversbehindtheprojectwereeconomic—fromtherealestateperspectiveofthefa?ade(建筑物正面)tothecostrestrictionsofthetimber.MuchofthewoodwassourcedfromAustriabecausesourcinghigh-qualitysuppliesfromNorthAmericanmanufacturerswouldhavebeentooexpensive.Economicbenefitswereincreasedbylabourusageoftheproject.Korbestimatedthattheprojectusedabout25percentoftheonsitelabourrequiredforaconcretestructureandthatitwascompletedinabouthalfthetime.BothFernandezandKorbbelievethatthetowerwillprovidefurtherproofofconceptfordeveloperswhoarelookingtocreateinnovativestructuresfromtimber.Andmid-risedevelopmentslikethesethat“attractpeopletotheurbancore”area“good”thing,Korbadded.1.Whatcanweknowaboutthebuilding?A.Itisabout19-storeytall.B.Itscoresaremadeoftimber.C.Itisthetallestbuildingintheworld. D.Itcanstandthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns.2.Whereisthewoodusedforconstructionfrom?A.Austria. B.NorthAmerica.C.TheWisconsinstate. D.TheForestProductsLaboratory.3.WhatdoesKorbthinkoftheproject?A.Itistime-saving. B.Itisdifficultandcostly.C.Itisenvironment-friendly. D.Itisenergy-consuming.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Moredeveloperswillchoosetimbertobuildtallbuildings.B.Thetimbertowerisagoodexampleofinnovativestructure.C.Mid-risedevelopmentswillbecomemoreandmorepopular.D.Innovativestructuresfromtimberwillneedmoreimprovements.——★參考答案★——1.D2.A3.A4.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了近年來(lái)歐美國(guó)家出現(xiàn)了一些用拼接木材建造的高樓，其中一棟去年完工的大樓是目前全世界最高的木制建筑。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“sotheteamworkedwiththeForestProductsLaboratorytooptimizethecolumnstomeetthisstandard.“Wethinkitwasthefirstthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns,”saidFernandez”（因此該團(tuán)隊(duì)與森林產(chǎn)品實(shí)驗(yàn)室合作，優(yōu)化這些柱子，以滿足這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。費(fèi)爾南德斯說(shuō)：“我們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)柱子進(jìn)行的第一次三小時(shí)的防火測(cè)試?！保┛芍?，關(guān)于這棟樓我們知道它的柱子可以經(jīng)受三個(gè)小時(shí)的防火測(cè)試。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“MuchofthewoodwassourcedfromAustriabecausesourcinghigh-qualitysuppliesfromNorthAmericanmanufacturerswouldhavebeentooexpensive.”（大部分木材來(lái)自?shī)W地利，因?yàn)閺谋泵乐圃焐棠抢锊少?gòu)高質(zhì)量的木材成本太高。）可知，建筑用的木材來(lái)自?shī)W地利。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Korbestimatedthattheprojectusedabout25percentoftheonsitelabourrequiredforaconcretestructureandthatitwascompletedinabouthalfthetime.”（Korb估計(jì)，該項(xiàng)目使用了混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)所需的25%的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)力，并在大約一半的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。）可推知，Korb認(rèn)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目很省時(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“BothFernandezandKorbbelievethatthetowerwillprovidefurtherproofofconceptfordeveloperswhoarelookingtocreateinnovativestructuresfromtimber.”（Fernandez和Korb都認(rèn)為，這座塔將為那些尋求用木材創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)新結(jié)構(gòu)的開(kāi)發(fā)商提供進(jìn)一步的概念證明。）可推知，木塔是創(chuàng)新結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)很好的例子。故選B項(xiàng)。BCyberspace(網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間)isconstantlydevelopingandpresentingnewopportunities,asthedesireofbusinessestoquicklyadoptnewtechnologies,suchasusingtheInternettoopennewchannelsandadoptingcloudservices,providesvastopportunity.But,italsobringsunexpectedrisksandunintendedconsequencesthatcanhaveapotentiallynegativeeffect.Hardlyadaygoesbywithoutnewsofanewcyberthreat.Unfortunately,businessestendtomisjudgehowmuchrisktheyfacefromcybercrimesandhowquicklythisriskcandevelop.Forthem,thecommercial,reputationalandfinancialrisksthatgowithcyberspacepresencearerealandgrowingeveryday.Soallbusinessesneedtodonowisestablishcybersecuritywithintheirorganization,right?Establishingcybersecurityaloneisnotenough.Nowadays,itisnotverydifficultforattackerstobreaksecurityandstoptheoverallbusinesssystem.Preventivemeasuresarenotenoughtostopthem.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,hackers(黑客)havebeenchanginganddeveloping.Sobusinessriskmanagementshouldincluderiskresilience(復(fù)原力)sothatbusinessescanrespondtoanydamagingcyberspaceactivity.Cyberresiliencehelpsbusinessessuccessfullyrecovertotheirpre-attackbusinessprocessesandbusinessoperations.Buildingcyberresilienceisnoteasy.Akeyfindingofanauthenticcyber-resiliencereportisthatnoorganizationcanrespondeffectivelyonitsowntothethreatsfromcyberspace.Organisationsmustworktogethertoshareintelligenceandresources.Inthiswaythequality,usabilityandauthenticityofintelligencewillbegreatlyimproved.5.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakethedevelopmentofcyberspaceknown.B.Toshowthegreatcontributionsfrombusiness.C.Tomakethetechnologiesadoptedbybusinessesattractive.D.Tomakethetopicappealing.6.Fromtheauthor’sperspective,businessesare________.A.lackinginawarenessofcybersafety. B.financiallyabundant.C.managedsuccessfully. D.developedinjudgment.7.Cyberresilienceiscurrentlynecessaryforthereasonthat________.A.itcanpreventattacks. B.threatsarealwaystransforming.C.cybersecuritydoesn’tworknow. D.itkeepsallthehackersofftheinternet.8.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Effectiveresiliencecanbebuiltbyanorganizationalone.B.Jointeffortsarerequiredintheformationoftrueresilience.C.Agreatamountofdifficultypreventedbuildingresilience.D.Thecyberspacethreatisnothingwhencooperationisused.——★參考答案★——5.D6.A7.B8.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅速發(fā)展帶來(lái)了機(jī)遇的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了意想不到的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和可能產(chǎn)生潛在負(fù)面影響的意想不到的后果。作者認(rèn)為所有企業(yè)現(xiàn)在需要做的就是聯(lián)合起來(lái)在他們的組織內(nèi)建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“But,italsobringsunexpectedrisksandunintendedconsequencesthatcanhaveapotentiallynegativeeffect.(但是，它也帶來(lái)了意想不到的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和意想不到的后果，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生潛在的負(fù)面影響。)”可知，第一段是為了使話題具有吸引力。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Unfortunately,businessestendtomisjudgehowmuchrisktheyfacefromcybercrimesandhowquicklythisriskcandevelop.(不幸的是，企業(yè)往往會(huì)錯(cuò)誤判斷他們面臨的網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有多大，以及這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的速度有多快。)”可知，在作者看來(lái)，企業(yè)缺乏網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全意識(shí)，故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Withtheadvancementoftechnology,hackers(黑客)havebeenchanginganddeveloping.Sobusinessriskmanagementshouldincluderiskresilience(復(fù)原力)sothatbusinessescanrespondtoanydamagingcyberspaceactivity.(隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，黑客一直在變化和發(fā)展。因此，企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理應(yīng)該包括風(fēng)險(xiǎn)恢復(fù)能力，以便企業(yè)能夠應(yīng)對(duì)任何破壞性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)。)”可知，因?yàn)橥{一直在變化，所以現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)復(fù)原力是必要的。故選B。【8題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Organisationsmustworktogethertoshareintelligenceandresources.Inthiswaythequality,usabilityandauthenticityofintelligencewillbegreatlyimproved.(各組織必須合作共享情報(bào)和資源。這樣，智能的質(zhì)量、可用性和真實(shí)性將大大提高。)”可知，最后一段主要是講真正的恢復(fù)能力需要組織的共同努力。故選B。CTheplasticvaluechainfacestwokeychallenges:controllingplasticwasteandreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Thechemicalindustryhasauniqueroletoplayinaddressingthesechallenges.Cooperationbetweenupstreamanddownstreampartnersisessentialtodevelopsolutionsthatreduceplasticpollutionandemissionsinplasticproduction.SABIC(SaudiBasicIndustriesCorporation)isattheforefrontoftheseefforts.SABIChassetspecificgoals,includingacommitmenttoachieveicarbonneutrality(碳中和)by2050.Torealizethisgoal,thecompanyhasoutlinedaCarbonNeutralityRoadmapthatfocusesonfivepathways:energyefficiency;renewableenergy;electrification;carboncapture,usageandstorage(CCUS);andgreen/bluehydrogen.Recognizingthescaleofthechallenges,SABICunderstandsthatprogresscannotbemadealone.Thecompanyactivelycooperatesthroughinitiatives,suchastheLow—CarbonEmittingTechnologies(LCET)initiative,wherechemicalcompaniesworktogethertoacceleratethedevelopmentoftechnologysolutionsforcarbonneutrality.Partnershipsarealsovitalinaddressingplasticwaste.SABICisafoundingmemberoftheAlliance(聯(lián)盟)toEndPlasticWaste,anorganizationthatbringsstakeholders(利益相關(guān)者)fromacrossthevaluechaintogethertotakecollectiveactionontheground.Theallianceworkstowardsafuturewhereplasticproductsneverendupinlandfillsoroceans,butinsteadarereusedortransformedintonewproducts.SABICisalsoactivelyinvolvedindrivingthetransitionfromalineartoacircularcarboneconomy.Asresponsibleplasticproducers,SABICrecognizestheimportanceofofferingsustainablematerialstocustomers.Althoughthechemicalindustryhasmadesignificantprogress,thereisstillmoreworktodotoachievethegoals.SABICisalreadymakingprogressonthecomplex,long—termeffortrequiredandwillcontinuetopartnerwithotherstoincreasethesolutionsneededtopushmeaningfulchange.9.Whatkindofdifficultyistheplasticvaluechainfacedwith?A.Exploringrenewableenergy. B.Reducingplasticproduction.C.Decreasingplasticpollution. D.Achievingcarbonneutrality.10.Whatisvitalforchemicalcompaniesaccordingtoparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Technologydevelopment. B.Partners’cooperation.C.Carbonneutrality. D.Sustainabledevelopment.11.WhichbestdescribesSABIC’sefforts?A.Fruitless B.Predictable. C.Frustrating. D.Rewarding.12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SABIC:Aleadermappingthepathforward.B.SABIC:Aleadersolvingtheplasticpollution.C.SABIC:Aleaderreducinggreenhousegasemission.D.SABIC:Aleaderfoundingtheplasticvaluechain.——★參考答案★——9.C10.B11.D12.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了料價(jià)值鏈面臨的兩個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，以及沙特基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司所做的努力和結(jié)果?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Theplasticvaluechainfacestwokeychallenges:controllingplasticwasteandreducinggreenhousegasemissions.(塑料價(jià)值鏈面臨兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)：控制塑料廢物和減少溫室氣體排放)”可知，塑料價(jià)值鏈面臨的挑戰(zhàn)之一就是減少塑料污染。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Recognizingthescaleofthechallenges,SABICunderstandsthatprogresscannotbemadealone.(認(rèn)識(shí)到挑戰(zhàn)的規(guī)模，沙特基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司明白，進(jìn)展不可能單獨(dú)取得)”以及第四段中“Partnershipsarealsovitalinaddressingplasticwaste.(伙伴關(guān)系在處理塑料廢物方面也至關(guān)重要)”可知，合作伙伴的合作對(duì)化工公司解決問(wèn)題至關(guān)重要。故選B?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Althoughthechemicalindustryhasmadesignificantprogress,thereisstillmoreworktodotoachievethegoals.SABICisalreadymakingprogressonthecomplex,long—termeffortrequiredandwillcontinuetopartnerwithotherstoincreasethesolutionsneededtopushmeaningfulchange.(盡管化學(xué)工業(yè)取得了重大進(jìn)展，但要實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，還有更多的工作要做。沙特基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司已經(jīng)在復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)期努力中取得了進(jìn)展，并將繼續(xù)與其他公司合作，增加推動(dòng)有意義變革所需的解決方案)”可知，SABIC的努力沒(méi)有付諸流水，是有成效和意義的。故選D。【12題詳析】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Theplasticvaluechainfacestwokeychallenges:controllingplasticwasteandreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Thechemicalindustryhasauniqueroletoplayinaddressingthesechallenges.Cooperationbetweenupstreamanddownstreampartnersisessentialtodevelopsolutionsthatreduceplasticpollutionandemissionsinplasticproduction.SABIC(SaudiBasicIndustriesCorporation)isattheforefrontoftheseefforts.(塑料價(jià)值鏈面臨兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)：控制塑料廢物和減少溫室氣體排放?；瘜W(xué)工業(yè)在應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)方面發(fā)揮著獨(dú)特的作用。上游和下游伙伴之間的合作對(duì)于制定減少塑料生產(chǎn)中的塑料污染和排放的解決方案至關(guān)重要。沙特基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司(SABIC)站在這些努力的最前沿。)”和下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了料價(jià)值鏈面臨的兩個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，以及沙特基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司所做的努力和結(jié)果。因此A項(xiàng)“沙特基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司：一個(gè)規(guī)劃未來(lái)道路的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。DOnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.Theproblemformanyofusisthatonequickphone-relatedtaskleadstoaquickcheckofouremailorsocialmediafeeds,andsuddenlywe’vebeensuckedintoendlessscrolling(滾屏).It’saviciouscircle.Themoreusefulourphonesbecome,themoreweusethem.Themoreweusethem,themorewelayneuralpathwaysinourbrainsthatleadtopickingupourphonesforwhatevertaskisathand—andthemorewefeelanurgetocheckourphoneevenwhenwedon’thaveto.Whatwedoknowisthatthesimpledistractionofcheckingaphoneorseeinganotificationcanhavenegativeconsequences.Thisisn’tverysurprising;weknowthat,ingeneral,multitaskingharmsmemoryandperformance.Oneofthemostdangerousexamplesisphoneusewhiledriving.Inanotherrecentstudy,researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothemsotheywerevisible(likeonadesk),nearbyandoutofsight(likeinabagorpocket),orinanotherroom.Participantsthencompletedaseriesoftaskstotesttheirabilitiestoprocessandrememberinformation,theirproblem-solving,andtheirfocus.Theywerefoundtoperformfarbetterwhentheirphoneswereinanotherroominsteadofnearby—whethervisible,poweredonornot.Thatheldtrueeventhoughmostoftheparticipantsclaimednottobeconsciously(有意識(shí)地)thinkingabouttheirdevices.Themereproximity(靠近)ofaphone,itseems,contributesto“braindrain”.Ourbrainsmaybesubconsciouslyhardatworkincontrollingthedesiretocheckourphones,orconstantlymonitoringtheenvironmenttoseeifweshouldcheckourphone(eg,waitingforanotification).Eitherway,thisdivertedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.Theonly“fix”,theresearchersfound,wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely.13.Howdoestheauthorbringupthetopicofthetext?A.Byofferingapieceofnews. B.Bysharingamagazinearticle.C.Bydescribinghisownexperience. D.Bycitingpreviousresearchfindings.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vicious”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Full. B.Magic. C.Tight. D.Bad.15.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodotoavoidmobilephonedistraction?A.Neverwaitforanotification.B.Useourphoneaslittleaspossible.C.Stayawayfromourphonewhendoingthings.D.Focusononethingwhenfinishingdifficultthings.16.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheProsandConsofUsingMobilePhones.B.HowHaveMobilePhonesChangedOurBrainsNegatively?C.TheConsequencesofUsingMobilePhones.D.DoYouWanttoControltheDesiretoCheckYourMobilePhones?——★參考答案★——13.D14.D15.C16.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了人們?cè)谑謾C(jī)上耗費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間，頻繁查看手機(jī)。手機(jī)的使用對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。要避免手機(jī)分散自己的注意力，唯一的方法是徹底遠(yuǎn)離手機(jī)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.”（最近的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國(guó)成年人平均每天查看手機(jī)344次——每4分鐘一次——每天總共花在手機(jī)上的時(shí)間接近3個(gè)小時(shí)。）可推知，作者通過(guò)引用之前的研究結(jié)果來(lái)提出文章的主題。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Themoreusefulourphonesbecome,themoreweusethem.Themoreweusethem,themorewelayneuralpathwaysinourbrainsthatleadtopickingupourphonesforwhatevertaskisathand—andthemorewefeelanurgetocheckourphoneevenwhenwedon’thaveto.”（我們的手機(jī)越有用，我們使用它們的次數(shù)就越多。我們使用它們的次數(shù)越多，大腦中的神經(jīng)通路就越多，這些神經(jīng)通路會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們不管手頭上有什么事要處理，都會(huì)拿起手機(jī)，并且我們也會(huì)更想看手機(jī)，即使沒(méi)有必要。）故可猜測(cè)，頻繁查看手機(jī)是一個(gè)不好的循環(huán)，劃線單詞vicious與選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)Bad“糟糕的，壞的”意思一致。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Eitherway,thisdivertedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.Theonly“fix”,theresearchersfound,wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely.”（不管怎樣，這種分散的注意力會(huì)讓做其他事情變得更加困難。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，唯一的“解決辦法”就是把設(shè)備完全放在不同的房間里。）可推知，作者建議我們做事的時(shí)候遠(yuǎn)離手機(jī)來(lái)避免手機(jī)分心。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段中“Themereproximity(靠近)ofaphone,itseems,contributesto“braindrain”.Ourbrainsmaybesubconsciouslyhardatworkincontrollingthedesiretocheckourphones,orconstantlymonitoringtheenvironmenttoseeifweshouldcheckourphone(eg,waitingforanotification).Eitherway,thisdivertedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.”（僅僅是靠近手機(jī)似乎就會(huì)導(dǎo)致“腦力損耗”。我們的大腦可能在潛意識(shí)里努力抑制查看手機(jī)的欲望，或者始終留心著我們是否應(yīng)該查看手機(jī)（比方說(shuō)等待出現(xiàn)通知）。不管怎樣，分心會(huì)讓你做其他事情變得更困難。）可知，文章主要講的是手機(jī)的使用對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。要避免手機(jī)分散自己的注意力，唯一的方法是徹底遠(yuǎn)離手機(jī)。故文章最好的標(biāo)題是“手機(jī)如何給我們的大腦帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響？”。故選B項(xiàng)。二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。Conflictisanormalpartofanyhealthyrelationship.____17____Thekeyisnottofearortrytoavoidconflictbuttolearnhow,tosolveitinahealthyway.Whenconflictismismanaged,itcancausegreatharmtoarelationship,but,whenhandledinarespectful,positiveway,_____18_____Whetheryou’reexperiencingconflict,athome,work,orschool,learningskillscanhelpyouresolvedifferencesinahealthywayandbuildstronger,morerewardingrelationships._____19_____Itoccurswheneverpeopledisagreeovertheirvalues,motivations,perceptions,ideas,ordesires.Sometimesthesedifferencesappeartrivial,butwhenaconflicttriggersstrongfeelings,adeeppersonalneedisoftenatthecoreoftheproblem.Theseneedscanrangefromtheneedtofeelsafeandsecureorrespectedandvalued,totheneedforgreaterclosenessandintimacy.Thinkabouttheopposingneedsofatoddlerandaparent.Thechild’sneedistoexplore,soventuringtothestreetorthecliffedgemeetsthatneed.Buttheparent’sneedistoprotectthechild’ssafety,aheedthatcanonlybemetbylimitingthetoddler’sexploration.____20____Theabilitytosuccessfullyresolveconflictdependsonyourabilityto:___21___Bystayingcalm,youcanaccuratelyreadandinterpretverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Controlyouremotionsandbehavior.Whenyou’reincontrolofyouremotions,youcancommunicateyourneedswithoutthreatening,intimidating,orpunishingothers.A.Sincetheseneedsaredifferent,conflictarises.B.Conflictarisesfromdifferences,bothlargeandsmall.C.Managestressquicklywhileremainingalertandcalm.D.Conflicttriggersstrongemotionsandcanleadtohurtfeeling.E.Differingneedscanresultinbrokendeals,decreasedprofitsandlostjobs.F.Afterall,twopeoplecan’tbeexpectedtoagreeoneverythingallthetime.G.Conflictprovidesanopportunitytostrengthenthebondbetweentwopeople.——★參考答案★——17.F18.G19.B20.A21.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要解釋了沖突產(chǎn)生的原因以及應(yīng)對(duì)方法?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Conflictisanormalpartofanyhealthyrelationship.(沖突是任何健康關(guān)系的正常組成部分)”以及后文“Thekeyisnottofearortrytoavoidconflictbuttolearnhow,tosolveitinahealthyway.(關(guān)鍵是不要害怕或試圖避免沖突，而是要學(xué)會(huì)如何以一種健康的方式解決沖突)”可知，上文提到了沖突是任何健康關(guān)系的正常組成部分，本句說(shuō)明原因：兩個(gè)人不可能總是意見(jiàn)一致，才會(huì)引出下文講其解決策略。故F選項(xiàng)“畢竟，不能指望兩個(gè)人總是在所有事情上意見(jiàn)一致”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。【18題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Whetheryou’reexperiencingconflict,athome,work,orschool,learningskillscanhelpyouresolvedifferencesinahealthywayandbuildstronger,morerewardingrelationships.(無(wú)論你是在經(jīng)歷沖突，在家里、工作中還是在學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)技能都可以幫助你以健康的方式解決分歧，建立更牢固、更有益的關(guān)系)”可知，根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容可知通過(guò)沖突可以建立更牢固、更有益的關(guān)系。故G選項(xiàng)“沖突提供了一個(gè)加強(qiáng)兩個(gè)人之間聯(lián)系的機(jī)會(huì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【19題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Itoccurswheneverpeopledisagreeovertheirvalues,motivations,perceptions,ideas,ordesires.Sometimesthesedifferencesappeartrivial,butwhenaconflicttriggersstrongfeelings,adeeppersonalneedisoftenatthecoreoftheproblem.Theseneedscanrangefromtheneedtofeelsafeandsecureorrespectedandvalued,totheneedforgreaterclosenessandintimacy.(當(dāng)人們?cè)趦r(jià)值觀、動(dòng)機(jī)、觀念、想法或欲望上存在分歧時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況。有時(shí)這些差異看起來(lái)微不足道，但當(dāng)沖突引發(fā)強(qiáng)烈的情感時(shí)，深層的個(gè)人需求往往是問(wèn)題的核心。這些需求的范圍從需要感到安全、有保障或受到尊重和重視，到需要更親密的關(guān)系)”可知，本段的主旨主要是說(shuō)明沖突產(chǎn)生的原因，故B選項(xiàng)“沖突產(chǎn)生于大大小小的分歧”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thinkabouttheopposingneedsofatoddlerandaparent.Thechild’sneedistoexplore,soventuringtothestreetorthecliffedgemeetsthatneed.Buttheparent’sneedistoprotectthechild’ssafety,aheedthatcanonlybemetbylimitingthetoddler’sexploration.(想想一個(gè)蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子和一個(gè)父母相反的需求。孩子的需求是探索，所以冒險(xiǎn)到街上或懸崖邊緣滿足這種需求。但是父母的需要是保護(hù)孩子的安全，這種需要只能通過(guò)限制孩子的探索來(lái)滿足)”可知，上文提到了孩子和父母不同的需求，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)說(shuō)明其導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果：由于這些需求不同，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖突。故A選項(xiàng)“由于這些需求不同，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖突”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?1題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Bystayingcalm,youcanaccuratelyreadandinterpretverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Controlyouremotionsandbehavior.Whenyou’reincontrolofyouremotions,youcancommunicateyourneedswithoutthreatening,intimidating,orpunishingothers.(通過(guò)保持冷靜，你可以準(zhǔn)確地閱讀和解釋口頭和非口頭交流?？刂颇愕那榫w和行為。當(dāng)你能控制自己的情緒時(shí)，你可以在不威脅、恐嚇或懲罰他人的情況下表達(dá)你的需求)”可知，本段的主旨是通過(guò)保持冷靜來(lái)處理沖突，C選項(xiàng)中calm對(duì)應(yīng)后文stayingcalm。故C選項(xiàng)“快速處理壓力，同時(shí)保持警覺(jué)和冷靜”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。三、完形填空：本大題共20小題，共30分。Untilrecentlyinthedevelopedworld,mostmarriedcouplesadoptedtraditionalroles,withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehomeandthewifetakingcareofthechildrenandthehouse.Althoughmanyfamiliesstillfollowthis___22___,thoseroleshavebecomeless___23___.Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothischange.___24___,perhapsasaconsequenceoffeminism(女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)),peoplehavebegunto___25___thatone’s___26___shouldnotdetermineone’srole.Asa___27___,peoplefeeltheyhave“___28___”todecidewhattheywanttodoinlife.It’snolonger___29___formentowanttobetheprimarycaregiverorhomemaker.Similarly,manywomenwould___30___toentertheworkingworldinsteadofstayingathome.Moreover,alargenumberofwomenhave____31____advancedacademicprofessionaltraining,____32____themwithasignificantearningpotential.Ontheotherhand,factorsotherthanpersonalchoicehave____33____tothefluidity(不穩(wěn)定性)ofgenderroles.Lifehasbecomemoreexpensiveandit’s____34____forafamilytoexistononlyoneincome,requiringmarriedwomentoleavethehometo____35____moneytohelpsupportthefamily.____36____,thenumberoftwo-incomehouseholdshas____37____rapidly.Anddespitethefactthatwomenonaveragestillearn____38____thanmenforthesamejob,theirincomeshavebecomean____39____componentofsurvivalandprosperityintoday’sworld.Insimilarfashion,aman’sdecisionto____40____athomemaynotbevoluntary.Intheeventhehaslosthisjob,hisdecisiontostayathomemightbeoneof____41____,notchoice.22.A.tradition B.role C.rule D.truth23.A.unstable B.changeable C.unchangeable D.loose24.A.Whereas B.Ontheonehand C.While D.Nevertheless25.A.believe B.choose C.trust D.decide26.A.family B.income C.choice D.gender27.A.result B.reason C.choice D.female28.A.permit B.permission C.allowance D.licence29.A.beneficial B.advantageous C.harmful D.shameful30.A.refuse B.proceed C.prefer D.hate31.A.missed B.learned C.achieved D.succeeded32.A.giving B.offering C.affording D.providing33.A.denied B.contributed C.corresponded D.donated34.A.convenient B.difficult C.easy D.traditional35.A.spend B.donate C.earn D.collect36.A.Yet B.However C.Frequently D.Consequently37.A.grown B.decreased C.enhanced D.reduced38.A.little B.less C.much D.more39.A.ordinary B.unlimited C.unnecessary D.essential40.A.support B.leave C.stay D.survive41.A.necessity B.opportunities C.decisions D.possibilities——★參考答案★——22.A23.C24.B25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.C32.D33.B34.B35.C36.D37.A38.B39.D40.C41.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了促成傳統(tǒng)家庭角色發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的因素?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管許多家庭仍然遵循這一傳統(tǒng)，但這些角色已經(jīng)變得不那么不可改變了。A.tradition傳統(tǒng)；B.role角色，規(guī)則；C.rule規(guī)則；D.truth真理，真相。根據(jù)上文“Untilrecentlyinthedevelopedworld,mostmarriedcouplesadoptedtraditionalroles,withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehomeandthewifetakingcareofthechildrenandthehouse.”可知，丈夫在外工作，妻子照顧孩子和家務(wù)是許多家庭遵循的傳統(tǒng)。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.unstable不穩(wěn)定的；B.changeable可改變的，易變的；C.unchangeable不可改變的；D.loose寬松的。根據(jù)下文“Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothischange.”可知，這些角色不是一成不變的。故選C。【24題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一方面，也許是女權(quán)主義的結(jié)果。A.Whereas盡管，然而；B.Ontheonehand一方面；C.While當(dāng)……時(shí)候；D.Nevertheless然而，不過(guò)。根據(jù)“Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothischange.”和“Ontheotherhand”可知，此處為固定搭配Ontheonehand…，Ontheotherhand…，表示“一方面……，另一方面……”故選B。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們開(kāi)始相信一個(gè)人的性別不應(yīng)該決定一個(gè)人的角色。A.believe相信；B.choose選擇；C.trust信任；D.decide決定。根據(jù)“perhapsasaconsequenceoffeminism(女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，由于女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起，人們開(kāi)始相信性別不應(yīng)該決定一個(gè)人的角色。故選A。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.family家庭；B.income收入；C.choice選擇；D.gender性別。根據(jù)“withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehomeandthewifetakingcareofthechildrenandthehouse.”可知，此處指一個(gè)人的性別不應(yīng)該決定一個(gè)人的角色。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，人們覺(jué)得他們有“許可”來(lái)決定他們想在生活中做什么。A.result結(jié)果；B.reason原因；C.choice選擇；D.female女性。根據(jù)上文“perhapsasaconsequenceoffeminism(女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)果是人們覺(jué)得他們有“許可”來(lái)決定他們的角色。asaresult為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“結(jié)果”。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.permit許可證；B.permission允許；C.allowance津貼；D.licence執(zhí)照。根據(jù)“todecidewhattheywanttodoinlife.”可知，人們自己許可自己在生活中想做的事情。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于男人來(lái)說(shuō)，想要成為主要的照顧者或操持家務(wù)者不再是可恥的。A.beneficial有益的；B.advantageous有好處的；C.harmful有害的；D.shameful可恥的。根據(jù)“withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehome”可知，傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為男人要在外工作，因此在家操持家務(wù)被認(rèn)為是可恥的。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同樣，許多女性更愿意進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)，而不是呆在家里。A.refuse拒絕；B.proceed繼續(xù)做；C.prefer更喜歡；D.hate討厭。根據(jù)“insteadofstayingathome.”可知，女性更喜歡進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，許多婦女獲得了高級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，使她們有很大的賺錢潛力。A.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)，失去；B.learned學(xué)習(xí)；C.achieved實(shí)現(xiàn)，獲得；D.succeeded成功。根據(jù)“advancedacademicprofessionaltraining”可知，許多女性獲得了高級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)培訓(xùn)。故選C。【32題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.giving給；B.offering主動(dòng)提出；C.affording付得起；D.providing提供。根據(jù)“alargenumberofwomenhave______advancedacademicprofessionaltraining”可知，許多婦女獲得了高級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，這為她們提供了賺錢潛力。providesb.withsth.為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“提供某物給某人”。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：另一方面，個(gè)人選擇以外的因素也促成了性別角色的流動(dòng)性。A.denied否認(rèn)，否定；B.contributed捐助，促成；C.corresponded符合，相一致；D.donated捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)“factorsotherthanpersonalchoice”可知，個(gè)人選擇以外的因素也促成了性別角色的不穩(wěn)定性。contributeto為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“促成，有利于”。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：生活成本越來(lái)越高，一個(gè)家庭很難只靠一份收入來(lái)維持生活，這就要求已婚婦女離開(kāi)家去掙錢養(yǎng)家。A.convenient方便的；B.difficult困難的；C.easy容易的；D.traditional傳統(tǒng)的。根據(jù)“Lifehasbecomemoreexpensive”可知，生活成本越來(lái)越高，一份收入很難支撐一個(gè)家庭。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.spend花費(fèi)；B.donate捐贈(zèng)；C.earn掙；D.collect收集。根據(jù)“helpsupportthefamily.”可知，已婚婦女離開(kāi)家去掙錢養(yǎng)家。故選C。【36題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，雙職工家庭的數(shù)量迅速增加。A.Yet還；B.However然而；C.Frequently頻繁地；D.Consequently因此，結(jié)果。根據(jù)上文“Lifehasbecomemoreexpensiveandit’s______forafamilytoexistononlyoneincome,requiringmarriedwomentoleavethehometo______moneytohelpsupportthefamily.”可知，生活成本越來(lái)越高，一個(gè)家庭很難只靠一份收入來(lái)維持生活，這就要求已婚婦女離開(kāi)家去掙錢養(yǎng)家，這導(dǎo)致了雙職工家庭出現(xiàn)這一結(jié)果。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.grown生長(zhǎng)，增加；B.decreased降低；C.enhanced增強(qiáng)；D.reduced減少。根據(jù)“it’s______forafamilytoexistononlyoneincome,