高中英語北師大版必修三UNIT 8 Period 2　Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots-Reading Comprehension

What’sreallygreen?Mostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment,andthemajority1ofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.Butrecently,some“greentruths”havebeenshowntobeonlyhalftrue,orevencompletelyfalse2.Herearesomecommonones.Whicharereallygreen?·Papershoppingbagsarebetterthanplasticones.Plasticbagscauselitterandareadangertowildanimals,whichmistakethemforfood.Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown,butmuchlesstimeforpaper.Becauseofthis,peoplethinkpaperbagsarethebetterenvironmentalchoice.However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamount3ofwater.Theprocessalsoproducesmoregreenhousegases.Infact,bothkindsofbagsarebadfortheenvironment.So,takeareusablebagwithyouwhenyougoshopping.·Whenyouturnoffadevice4,itstopsusingpower.Whenweturnoffadevice,suchastelevision,itgoesintostand-bymode5.Devicesinthismodestillusepower,andolderdevicesinstand-bymodecanuseevenmore.Thishappensbecauseelectricitycontinuestoleakfromthedevice,evenwhenitisturned“off”.Tomakesureyourappliance6isinfactoff,removetheplugfromitspowersupply.·It’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.Itdependson7howlongyouspendintheshowerandhowlargeyourbathis.Ifyouspendmorethaneightminutesinashower,you’lluseasmuchwaterasinabath—about50litres8ofwater.Therefore,thekeyistokeepyourshowertimeasshortaspossible.Environmentalawarenessisnowpartofdailylife.Butit’sworthcheckingcommonideasandopinionstoseewhat’sreallygreen.(節(jié)選自外研版新教材必修第二冊Unit6)詞匯積累1.majority/m?'d??r?ti/n．多數(shù)，大多數(shù)(人或物)2．false/f??ls/adj.不正確的，錯誤的3．a(chǎn)mount/?'ma?nt/n．數(shù)量，數(shù)額4．device/d?'va?s/n．設備，儀器，裝置5．mode/m??d/n．(機器、設備的)運行方式，狀態(tài)，模式6．a(chǎn)ppliance/?'pla??ns/n．家用電器，家用器具7．dependon依靠；取決于8．litre/'li?t?/n．升，公升Period2Lesson1RootsandShoots—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞1．firm A．tofireagunorotherweapon;tofiresthfromaweapon2．balance B．toincludesthasanecessarypartofanactivity，event，orsituation3．shoot C．theabilitytokeepsteadywithanequalamountofweightoneachsideofthebody4．involve D．totreatthingsthathavealreadybeenusedsothattheycanbeusedagain5．recycle E．a(chǎn)systemforcarryingpeopleorgoodsfromoneplacetoanotherusingvehicles，roadsetc.6．transport F．fairlyhard，noteasytopressintoadifferentshape答案1.F2.C3.A4.B5.D6.EⅡ.選詞填空makeadifference，inadditionto，takeaction，sufferfrom，can’tbebotheredtodosth1．Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme，soaflushofdisappointmentsweptoverme.2．Wordcamethatthemasterwassufferingfromastrangediseasethosedays.3．Thecitizensurgedthegovernmenttotakeactiontoprotecttheoldbuilding.4．Inadditiontotheflat，theyoungperformerhasseveralhousesinthatcountry.5．Iwonderwhethermylessonswillmakeadifferencetothechildrenlivingthere.Step1速讀——整體理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．TheroleofRoots&Shoots.B．ThefutureofRoots&Shoots.C．ThefeaturesofRoots&Shoots.D．ThehistoryofRoots&Shoots.答案AⅡ.悉層次結構Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.(1)Para.1A．Theappealforyourhelp.(2)Para.2B．Theintroductionto“Just-me-ism”．(3)Para.3C．TheestablishmentofRoots&Shoots.(4)Para.4D．Themeaningofitsname.答案(1)B(2)C(3)D(4)AStep2細讀——逐段獲取細節(jié)Ⅰ.Readpara.1anddothefollowingexercises.1．Fillintheformaccordingtoparagraph1.ExamplesLeavingthetap(1)runningwhileyoubrushyourteeth.Leavingalight(2)onwhenyougoout.Droppinglitterandnotbeingbotheredto(3)pickitup.PersonalopinionKnowingthosethingsare(4)wrongbutthinkingitdoesn’t(5)matter.Harm(6)Wastingalotofenergy.2.Whyis“Just-me-ism”aproblem?答案Ifmillionsofpeopleperform“Just-me-ism”，therewillbenobodytocareandlookaftertheenvironment.Ⅱ.Readpara.2anddothefollowingexercises.1．Fillintheformaccordingtoparagraph2.Roots&ShootsThetimeofitsestablishment(1)Intheearly1990sThefounder(2)Dr.JaneGoodallThepurposeTo(3)educateyoungpeople，frompre-schoolersto(4)universitystudents，sotheycanhelptobuildafuturethatis(5)secureandlivetogether(6)inpeacewithnature.2.WhichisNOTtrueaboutJaneGoodall?A．Sheisafamousscientistintheworld.B．Shecaresmoreabouttheanimalsthantheenvironment.C．Shethinksthatpeopleshouldliveinpeacewithnature.D．Shethinksjointeffortsareimportant.答案B3．Paraphrase：whichsentenceinpara.2carriesthesamemeaningwiththefollowingsentence?Apartfromherresearch，shehasbeentotallydevotedtoprotectingtheenvironment.答案Inadditiontoherresearch，shehasbeenwhole-heartedlycommittedtoenvironmentalprotection.Ⅲ.Readpara.3anddothefollowingexercises.1．WhyistheorganisationcalledRoots&Shoots?答案Becauserootsmoveslowlyunderthegroundtomakeafirmfoundation，andshootsseemsmallandweak，buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight.2．Whatdoes“Hundredsandthousandsofrootsandshoots”refertointhislastsentence?答案Itreferstoyoungpeopleallaroundtheworldincludingyouandyourfriends.Ⅳ.Readpara.4anddothefollowingexercises.1．HowdoestheauthortellthereaderswhatRoots&Shootsisallabout?A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauses.D．Bymakingclassifications.答案B2．WhatdoesRoots&Shootsemphasize?A．Theimportanceofeachindividual.B．Theimportanceofwildlifeprotection.C．Theeducationofnextgeneration.D．Theurgencyofenvironmentalprotection.答案A3．What’sthepurposeofthequestionsinparagraph4?答案ToappealmorepeopletojoinRoots&Shoots.Ⅴ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A．Narrativewriting(記敘文)．B．Practicalwriting(應用文)．C．Argumentation(議論文)．D．Exposition(說明文)．答案D2．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tocalloneveryonetotakeactiontoprotectourenvironment.B．Totellreaderswhat“Just-me-ism”is.C．Topersuadeeveryonetoadopt“Just-me-ism”．D．TointroducetheestablishmentofRoots&Shoots.答案A3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Everyindividualdoesn’tmatter.B．Everyindividualcanmakeadifferencetotheworld.C．Onlyafewpeoplesufferfrom“Just-me-ism”．D．Peoplecan’tlivetogetherinpeacewithnature.答案BStep3讀后——討論深度理解1．Thetextusesmanyparallelstructureswiththesamepatternofwordsandsentences.Underlinethesestructures.Discusswhythewriterusesthem.(Criticalthinking)2．Asteenagers，whatcanyoudotoprotecttheenvironment？(Creativethinking)Step4總結——課文語法填空Mostpeoplesufferfrom“Just-me-ism”．Youmayleavethetap1.running(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth，leavealightonwhenyougooutordropapieceoflitter2.butnotpickitup，whichis3.harmful(harm)toourworld.JaneGoodall,4.whoisthebest-knownexpertonwildchimpanzees，setupRoots&Shoots.Itspurposeis5.toeducate(educate)youngpeopletohelptobuildafuturethat6.is(be)secureandlivetogetherinpeacewithnature.Rootsmove7.slowly(slow)underthegroundtomakeafirm8.foundation(found)，andshootsseemsmallandweak，buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight.Hundredsandthousandsofrootsandshootscansolvetheproblems，changetheworldandmakeita9.better(good)placetolivein.Roots&Shootsisallabout：thevalueandimportanceofeachindividual—human，animalorplant.JaneGoodallbelievesthateveryindividualhasaroletoplayandeveryindividualcanmake10.adifference.Step5解讀——長句難句分析1．Well，sayyouleavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth，leavealightonwhenyougooutoryoudropapieceoflitterandcan’tbebotheredtopickitup.[句式分析]本句是一個復合句。say之后為or連接的兩個賓語從句，其中whileyoubrushyourteeth和whenyougoout分別作兩個leave的時間狀語從句；can’tbebotheredtodosth表示“不愿意/懶得做某事”。[自主翻譯]例如，你刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流，外出的時候不關燈，或者掉了一塊垃圾卻懶得撿起來。2．Ofcourse，itwouldn’tmatteriftherewerejustafewpeopleintheworld.[句式分析]本句含有一個if引導的虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，結構為“if＋從句主語＋did/were...，主句主語＋would/could/should/mightdo...”。[自主翻譯]當然，如果世界上只有幾個人這樣，那就無所謂了。3．ThewholepurposeofRoots&Shootsistoeducateyoungpeople，frompre-schoolerstouniversitystudents，sotheycanhelptobuildafuturethatissecureandlivetogetherinpeacewithnature.[句式分析]本句是一個并列復合句。第一個分句中Thewholepurpose是主語，toeducateyoungpeople是表語；so...分句中that引導的是定語從句，that在從句中作主語。[自主翻譯]“根與芽”的目的是教育年輕人，從學齡前兒童到大學生，使他們能夠為創(chuàng)造一個安全、與自然和平共處的未來而貢獻力量。4．Doyouthinkyouhelptomaketheworldabetterplacewhenyoumakeasadpersonsmile，whenyoumakeadogwagitstail，andwhenyouwaterathirstyplant?[句式分析]本句是一個復合句。youhelptomaketheworldabetterplace是賓語從句；whenyoumakeasadperson...waterathirstyplant是三個并列的時間狀語從句。[自主翻譯]當你使一個悲傷的人破涕為笑，讓一只狗搖尾巴，給一株干渴的植物澆水時，你覺得自己讓世界變得更美好了嗎？5．Dr.JaneGoodallbelievesthatthemostimportantthingisthat：“Everyindividualmatters.Everyindividualhasaroletoplay.Everyindividualmakesadifference.”[句式分析]本句是一個復合句。第一個that引導的是賓語從句，第二個that引導的是表語從句；表語從句中3個以“Everyindividual”開頭的句子構子排比句。[自主翻譯]珍·古道爾博士認為，最重要的是：“每一個個體都很重要。每一個個體都有自己要扮演的角色。每一個個體都能有所作為。Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASamTrullhasworkedwithwildlifeforalmost20years，butshefirstfoundhersoftspotforsloths(樹懶)in2013aftermovingtoCostaRicatoworkforasmallwildliferecoverycentercalledKidsSavingtheRainforest.Onarrivingthere，shetookalikingtoatwo-week-oldorphaned(孤兒的)slothnamedKermie.Slothshugeachotherforbothsafetyandcomfort，soTrullcaredforhimwithtenderlove，meals，andhugs.Soonotherbabyslothswerebroughtin.Itwasthenthatsherealizedthathelpingthecreaturessurvivewashertruecalling.Whentheslothsweregrownandhealthyenoughtodepart，Trullandherteambuilta19-foot-cubedcageneartherecoverycenterandleftthedooropen，sothefour-leggedfriendscouldcomeandgofreely.Theyspentenoughtimeeatingandexploringinthewildsothattheycouldabandonthecageforgood.Trullperformeditsuccessfullywithseveralslothswhoarenowlivinghealthilyinthejungle.Theirmovementsaretrackedthankstothecollarstheywear.Keepingslothswildandfreeisacomplicatedandexpensiveprocess.Tomakeitmoreeffective，Trullco-foundedtheSlothInstitutein2014.Inadditiontotheeducationprogramandtheresearchintosloths，theinstitutealsocooperateswithotherinstitutestobetterlearnhowtoprepareorphanedslothsbroughttotheinstituteforeventualre-entryintotherainforest.Theinstituteisnowgoingsmoothly.TrullpublishedhernewbookcalledSlothlove，whereshedocumentedtheslothsshehadsavedviaphotographs.Sheexplained，“Alotofpeopledon’tknowgettinghitbycarsandgettingcaughtinelectricwiresareparticularlydangeroustosloths.Peoplejustthinkthey’readorableandtakeselfieswiththem，unawarethattheslothisstressedandupset.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了野生動物保護主義者薩姆·特魯爾來到哥斯達黎加致力于樹懶保護工作的感人事跡。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutTrullshortlyaftershegottoCostaRica?A．Shehelpedkidstorecover.B．Shecaredforslothsforcomfort.C．ShewasatalosshowtocureKermie.D．Shedecidedtoworkwithslothsforever.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，特魯爾來到哥斯達黎加不久，就意識到她的使命是幫助樹懶存活下去，即決定要永遠從事幫助樹懶的工作。故選D。2．WhydidTrullandherteambuildthecageforthesloths?A．Tolimittheirmovements.B．Tomakethemrecoverquickly.C．Totrainthemtoadapttothewild.D．Toreunitethemwiththeirmothers.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前三句可知，當樹懶長大并健康到可以離開時，他們建造籠子，并且讓門開著，這樣樹懶們就可以來去自由了。它們花了足夠的時間在野外進食和探索，這樣一來它們就可以永遠不再需要籠子。因此，他們打造這個籠子是為了訓練樹懶適應野外生活。故選C。3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheSlothInstitute?A．Itisnowopentotourists.B．Itwillmainlyeducatethepublic.C．Itwillletgomorehand-raisedsloths.D．Itislargelysponsoredbyotherinstitutes.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，除了教育計劃和樹懶研究以外，該研究所還與其他研究所合作，以便更好地了解如何為來到研究所的孤兒樹懶做好準備，讓它們最終能重返雨林。所以樹懶研究所會放生更多親手撫養(yǎng)的樹懶。故選C。4．WhydoestheauthormentionTrull’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Tostresshertalentforphotography.B．Todescribepeople’sloveforsloths.C．Tointroducethepopularityofherbook.D．Totellthereasonforpublishingherbook.答案D解析推理判斷題。文章末尾，特魯爾說：“許多人不知道，對樹懶來說，被汽車撞到和被電線困住尤為危險。人們只是覺得它們很可愛，然后和它們自拍，卻沒有意識到樹懶所承受的壓力和不安。”這與出版《樹懶之愛》構成因果關系，即作者引用特魯爾的話是為了解釋出版這本書的理由。故選D。B(2023·廣東高一期末聯(lián)考)Buildings，pollution，poorsoil，insects，andevencarcrashescanaddtotreeloss.However，between2016and2021，thecityofSeattleinWashingtonstatewasreportedtohavelostabout255hectaresoftreecovering，forwhichclimatechangewasblamed.ThencamethedriestsummeronSeattle’srecordbooksin2022.Thedrierconditionsandhottertemperatureshaveleftmanytreeswithbrownleaves，nakedbranches，andextremeseeding.Theseareallsignsoftreestress.AccordingtoNicholasJohnson，atreeexpertforSeattleCityParks，ifthiswarmingclimatecontinueswearegoingtohavealotoftreesdie.Justlikepeople，undertheheattreesgetweak.ResearchersfromFranceandAustraliastudiedtheeffectofhottertemperaturesandlessrainonmorethan3,100treesandplantsin164citiesacross78countries.Theyfoundabouthalfthetreesinthecitieswereexperiencingclimateconditionsbeyondtheirlimits.Theyalsofoundthatby2050nearlyalltreesplantedinAustraliancitieswillnotsurvive.It’snotthegradualchangebuttheseextremeswingsoftoomuchwater，toolittlewater，toomuchwind，andterriblestormsthataregoingtocausetheserapidchanges.In2005，HurricaneKatrinadestroyedabout10percentofthetreesinNewOrleans，Louisiana.Andin2021，HurricaneIdauprootedmanynewtreeplantings.Tosettletheproblemoftreeloss，non-nativetreeshavebeenbroughttocitiesforsometime.InthecityofBellevue，Washington，expertsaregrowingdifferentkindsoftreesspecificallyforclimatechange.Oncitygrounds，theyareplantingbabygiantsequoias，justafewcentimeterstall.ThegiantsequoiasarenotnativetothePacificNorthwestarea.Butthetreescandealwiththelackofrainandinsects.Oncethesetreesareestablished，theygrowincrediblyfast.Havingmanydifferentkindsandagesoftreesisimportanttokeepingurbanforestsalive.“Lifealwaysfindsaway，”saidNicholasJohnson.“AndinSeattle，peoplearehelpinglifefindaway.”eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是樹木損失的原因和解決辦法。)5．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Naturalreasonsfortreeloss.B．TheterribleclimateinSeattleinrecentyears.C．ThebadconditionoftreesinSeattle.D．Thesignsoftreestress.答案C解析段落大意題。第一段第一句列出加劇樹木損失的因素，后面則說明了由于氣候變化西雅圖的樹木損失情況越來越嚴重，由此可知，第一段主要是關于西雅圖樹木的糟糕狀況，故選C。6．WhatisendangeringthetreesinAustraliacities?A．Buildings. B．Pollution.C．Carcrashes. D．Extremeclimate.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，城市中一半的樹木都無法忍受極端天氣狀況，澳大利亞城市中的樹木到2050年可能全部死亡，由此可推知，是極端的氣候正在危及澳大利亞城市的樹木，故選D。7．Howdotreeexpertssolvetheproblemoftreedeath?A．Byimprovingplantingmethods.B．Bychangingthekindsoftrees.C．Bytreatingtreesasbabies.D．Byimprovingthesoilquality.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“...non-nativetreeshavebeenbroughtto...”以及“...growingdifferentkindsoftrees...”可知，樹木專家通過引進非本土的樹、種植不同品種的樹，即改變樹木的種類來解決樹木死亡的問題。故選B。8．WhichisNicholasJohnson’sattitudetothefutureoftreesincities?A．Positive. B．Negative.C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.答案A解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“AndinSeattle，peoplearehelpinglifefindaway.”可知“在西雅圖，人們正在為生命尋找出路”(此處“l(fā)ife”指代文中反復提到的“trees”)，因此，NicholasJohnson對城市樹木的未來持積極的態(tài)度，故選A。CSocialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld，whereinfectious(傳染)diseasesarecommonplace.Throughspecializedsensesanimalscandiscovercertaindiseasesandchangetheirbehaviortoavoidgettingill.In1966，whilestudyingchimps(猩猩)inaTanzaniannationalpark，zoologistJaneGoodallobservedachimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughtahighlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthegroup.Inoneinstance，McGregorgotclosetochimpsinatree.Hereachedoutahandingreeting，buttheothersmovedawaywithoutabackwardglance.“Forafulltwominutes，oldMcGregorsatstill，staringafterthem，”Goodallnotesinher1971bookIntheShadowofMan.“It’sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsomesocietiesreacttodaytosuchamisfortune.”Notallanimalsaresoaggressivetowardtheirsickneighbors.Sometimesit’sassimpleasavoidingthosewhomayinfectyou.WhenKiesecker，aleadscientistinAmerica，studiedAmericanbullfroginthelate1990s，hefoundthatbullfrogscouldnotonlydiscoveradeadlysmellofinfectioninotherbullfrogs，buthealthymembersactivelyavoidedthosethatweresick.Bullfrogsdependonchemicalsignalstodeterminewhoissickornot.Caribbeanlobstersalsoshundiseasedmembersoftheircommunity，wellbeforetheybecomeinfectious.IttakesabouteightweeksforlobstersinfectedwiththedeadlyvirusPanulirusargusmininuceovirustobecomedangeroustoothers.Normallysocialanimals，lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals.Overall，it’simportanttonotethat，unlikeus，animalsdon’trealizeiftheystayhome，theymightactuallyreducetheinfectionrate，”Kieseckerexplains.“Ashumans，wehavethatability.It’sabigdifference.”eq\x(語篇解讀本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了自然界中動物保持社交距離的現(xiàn)象。)9．WhatcanwelearnaboutthechimpsfromGoodall’sobservation?A．Theykeptadistancefromoneanother.B．Theybecameaggressivewheninfected.C．Theinfectedavoidedcontactwithothers.D．Theinfectedwereforcedtoleavethegroup.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，感染疾病的黑猩猩被迫離開群體，故選D。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shun”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Avoid. B．Cure.C．Breakawayfrom. D．Getalongwith.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞下文“Normallysocialanimals，lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals.”可知，加勒比龍蝦在患病龍蝦具有傳染性之前，就會避開它們，畫線詞與A項“avoid(避開)”意思一樣，故選A。11．HowarehumansdifferentfromanimalsaccordingtoKiesecker?A．Humansaremoresensitivetovirus.B．Humansarelesslikelytogetinfected.C．Humanstreatinfectiousdiseasesinawiserway.D．Humanscandiscoverchemicalsignalsmorequickly.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，根據(jù)Kiesecker的觀點，人類可以待在家里來避免傳染疾病，而動物則是將患病的同伴趕出群體或遠離感染者，由此可推知，人類和動物的不同之處在于人類對待傳染病的方式更加明智。故選C。12．Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HelpMeOutB．LeaveMeAloneC．StayAwayfromUsD．StayHomeStayHealthy答案C解析標題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介紹了自然界中的動物通過保持社交距離避免傳染上疾病的現(xiàn)象。C項“離我們遠點”符合文章主旨，為最佳標題，故選C。Ⅱ.七選五CostaRicahasalong-standingcommitment(投入)totheenvironment.1Ithasdoubleditsforestcoveracrossthecountryinthelast30years.Inthe1940s，morethanthree-quartersofthecountrywascoveredinmostlyrainforestsandotherwoodlands.Then，betweenthe1940sand1980s，heavy，uncontrolledlogging(伐木)ledtoseriousdeforestation(濫伐)．2Realizingthegreatdamagethatwashappening，governmentofficialst