福建省福州市八縣市一中2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考試題含解析

PAGEPAGE32福建省福州市八縣（市）一中2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考試題（含解析）時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillthewomandothisFriday?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Visittheman’ssister.C.Lookaftersomekids.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:WouldyouliketogototheconcertthisFriday?Mysistergavemetwoticketsforfree.W:Thankyou,butIpromisedmyfriendthatI’dlookafterherkids.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Accordingtothewoman,whoshouldpaintthehouse?A.Larry. B.Theman. C.Brandon.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ican’tmakeupmymindwhethertoaskLarryorBrandontopaintmyhouse.W:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?Neitherofthemareexcellentpainters.Justdoityourself.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanwanttobe?A.Acomputerprogrammer.B.Anewspapereditor.C.Asalesmanager.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,madam.I’minterestedinthesalesmanagerpositionyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.I’mbadlyinneedofemployment.W:Sorry,sir.Thepositionhasbeenfilled.Weneedacomputerprogrammernow.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthemandonext?A.Seeamovie.B.Doanexperiment.C.Havesomephysicalexercise.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whatareyoudoinghere,Jim?Youshouldbeinchemistryclass,shouldn’tyou?M:Ichangedmyschedule.Ineedtorelaxforbothmybodyandmymind.Moviesareagoodchangeofpacefromalltheboringexperiments.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aphoto. B.Apetstore. C.Adog.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Honey,howisourbabydoing?W:Igota“babysitter”tokeephimcompany.Sheoffersperfectservice.Hereisalovelyphotoofthetwoofthem.M:Youmeanapetdog?!其次節(jié)：聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Employerandemployee.7.Whodoesthemanthinkwillgetahighersalary?A.Thosewhohavealotofexperience.B.Thosewhocanwork30hoursaweek.C.Thosewhocanspeakasecondlanguage.【答案】6.A7.A【解析】【原文】W:WhatcanIdoforyou,David?M:It’saboutthenewpeopleweneedattheoffice.I’mwonderingwhatkindofpeoplewereallywanttoemploy.W:Well,theyshouldbeabletowork30hoursaweek,includingsomeSaturdays.Andwedon’twantpeoplewhohaveneverworkedbefore.M:OK.Anditmightalsobehelpfuliftheycouldspeakasecondlanguage.W:Thatmightpreventtoomanypeoplefromapplying.Whataboutthepay,David?M:Ithinkitdependsonexperience.However,thelowestwecouldofferis$29,000peryear.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8Whatdidthemanthinkofthecaratfirst?A.Ithadabrokenengine.B.Itwasugly.C.Itwasexpensive.9.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthecar?A.$3500. B.$3200. C.$3000.【答案】8.C9.B【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyoulikeit?Isn’titanicecar?M:Yes,Idolikethecar.It’salittleoldbutnotugly.W:Let’sseewhatwecando,then.It’sonly$3500.M:I’llbuyitifyoucantakeatleast$500offtheaskingprice.W:Idon’tthinkIcandothat.M:Thenhowmuchwillyoubeabletotakeoff?W:ThebestIcandoisgiveyou$300offtheprice.Ifthat’sOK,we’llchecktheengineagainandmakesureeverythingisallrightbeforethecarleaves.M:DoyouthinkIcanhavethecartoday?W:Assoonasyousignthispaper,thecarisyours.M:OK,I’lltakeit.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Whatitemsareonsale?A.Fruit. B.Chips. C.Bread.11.Wherecanthewomanfindthemilkandcheese?A.Atthebackofthestore.B.Ontheleftsideofthestore.C.Ontherightsideofthestore.12.Whatkindofapplesdoesthewomanwant?A.Goldenapples. B.Greenapples. C.Redapples.【答案】10.B11.A12.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,welcometoSmith’sGrocery.W:Hi,Iwaswonderingaboutyourcurrentspecials.M:We’rehavingasaleonmilkandchips.WealsohaveaspecialonCampbell’ssoupproducts.W:Thankyoufortheinformation.Canyouhelpmefindafewitems?M:Certainly.Whatareyoulookingfor?W:Ineedeggs,milk,cheese,bread,andapples.M:ThemilkandcheesewillbeintheSection1,whichisatthebackofthestore.Andyoucanfindbreadandeggsontheleftsideofthestore.W:Okay.Whataboutthelastitem?M:FruitwillbeintheSection3,whichisontherightsideofthestore.Youcan’tmissit.Wehavered,green,andgoldendeliciousapples.W:Thankyou.Ijustneedsomeredapples.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onthewaytowork.B.Afterthestartoftheworkday.C.Attheendofaday.14.Howdoesthemanlooktothewoman?A.Scared. B.Strange. C.Upset.15.Whatdidthemandoonthebus?A.Hetalkedtothreemen.B.Helookedoutthewindow.C.Hesawapassengergettingrobbed.16.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Makeaphonecall.B.Gotothepolicestation.C.Forgetaboutwhathappened.【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,Brian.AreyouOK?Youlookalittlebitupset.M:Yeah,Isawthestrangestthingonthebusridetoworktoday.W:Whathappened?M:Well,asthebuswasgoingalongthehighway,Iwaslookingoutthewindow.AndIsawthreemeninoneoftheyardsnexttotheroadrobbingahouse.W:What?Areyousure?M:Yes,verysure.Itlookedliketheyweretakingalotofthings.W:Whatdidyoudoaboutit?Didyoucallthepolice?M:No.WhatwouldItellthem?Icouldn’tjustsaythatsomeonewasgettingrobbedsomewherenearthehighway.W:Whynot?M:I’mnotexactlysurewhereitwas.Andbesides,thoseguysareprobablyprettyscary.IthinkIshouldjustforgetaboutthewholething.W:Well,letmeaskyouaquestion.Ifyouweregettingrobbed,wouldyouwantsomeonetocallthepolicetocomehelpyou?M:Yeah,you’reright.Iwould.IguessI’lltrycallingandseeifthereisanythingtheycando.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhendoesthefirstseasonofTheVillagetakeplace?A.Inthe1940s.B.Inthe1920s.C.Betweentheyears1914and1920.18.Whatdidpeoplethinkoftheshow’sfirstseason?A.Itwastoodepressing.B.Ithadahappyattitude.C.Itwasnotwellacted.19.Howmanypeoplewatchedthelastshowofthefirstseason?A.8.17million. B.5.48million. C.4.27million.20.Wherewasthesecondseasonmainlyfilmed?A.InDerbyshire.B.InLymePark.C.InasmallvillageofEngland.【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.B【解析】【原文】TheVillageisahistoricaldramaseriesontheBBCandiswrittenbyPeterMoffat.Thefirstseason,filmedin2012,takesplacebetweentheyears1914and1920.Thesecondseason,filmedin2014,takesplaceinthe1920s.AfutureseriesissettotakeplaceduringWorldWarIIinthe1940s.TheshowtellsthelifestoryofBertMiddleton,amanwhowasborntoaworking-classfamilyandraisedonafarminthesmallvillageofDerbyshire.Thefirstseasonwasnotverypopular.Peoplesaidthatalthoughtheshowwaswellacted,thesubjectmatterandcountrysideweretoodepressing.ThiswasdueinparttotheextremewinterweatherexperiencedinPeakDistrictNationalParkinEngland,wheretheshowwasfilmed.Whiletheveryfirstshowofseasononewaswatchedby8.17millionpeople,theverylastshowofseasononewasonlywatchedby5.48million.Thesecondseasontakesplaceinthespring,whichofferedviewersasunnierandhappierattitude,althoughthefinalshowonlyhad4.27millionviewers.ThesecondseasonwasmainlyfilmedinLymePark,England,whichincludesalargehousesurroundedbygardens.其次部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)：(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIntheUKyouwillseepeoplewearingallkindsofclothing.Schoolchildrenusuallywearauniformuntiltheageof16.Forolderstudents,UKschools,collegesanduniversitiesaretypicallyinformalenvironmentswhereyoucanchoosewhattowear.Forclasses,studentstendtowearcasualclothes.Somecoursesrequireyoutowearspecialclothingforhealthandsafety.Forexample,ifyouareinasciencelaboratory,youmayneedtowearprotectiveglassesandawhitelabcoat.Checkwithyourcourseproviderwhatyouneedandifyouneedtobuythemyourself.Forpartiesandnightsout,peopledressinmanydifferentstyles.Ifit'samoreformaleveningevent,suchasauniversityball,thismightmeanwearingadressorsuitandtie.Youcanavoidtheexpenseofbuyingformalwearbyrentingitfromalocalshop.TheweatherintheUKisrarelyextreme,butitcanchangequickly.Injustoneday,youmighthavewarmsunshine,rainandcoldwind.Wearseverallayerssoyoucanputthemonortakethemoffastheweatherchanges,andalwayscarryanumbrella.TheUKisamulticulturalplaceanditiscommonforpeopletowearclothingassociatedwiththeircultureandreligion,forexample,aheadscarf,kippah,turban,sariorlongskirt.Inmajortownsandcities,youwillfindspecialshopssellingclothingfromaroundtheworld,particularlyAsianandMiddleEasternclothing.MostUKtownsandcitieshavealargerangeofshopssellingclothestosuitallstylesandbudgets.Aswellashigh-streetshops,thereareplentyofsecond-handandoldshops.Theseareperfectforbargain-huntingandareoftenfoundinstudentareas.21.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestyoudoifyouwanttojoininauniversityball?A.Buyamoderndress.B.Haveanexpensivetieon.C.Avoidrefusingothers'invitation.D.Wearclothesrentedfromtheshop.22.WhydoyouneedtowearseverallayersinUK?A.Itisextremelycool.B.Weatherchangesalot.C.Itisveryhotintheday.D.Itishardtoputonclothesoutside.23.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhattoWearasaUKStudents?B.HowtoBuyClothesintheUK?C.AllKindsofClothesintheUK.D.MulticulturalCountryintheWorld.【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國學(xué)生在不同場(chǎng)合的穿著習(xí)慣。【21題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Ifit'samoreformaleveningevent,suchasauniversityball,thismightmeanwearingadressorsuitandtie.Youcanavoidtheexpenseofbuyingformalwearbyrentingitfromalocalshop.”（假如是比較正式的晚會(huì)，比如高校舞會(huì)，這可能意味著穿禮服或西裝打領(lǐng)帶。你可以從當(dāng)?shù)厣痰曜庖惶渍椒b，以避開購買正式服裝的費(fèi)用。）可知，作者建議，假如你想?yún)⑴c高校舞會(huì)，就穿從商店租來的衣服。故選D。【22題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Wearseverallayerssoyoucanputthemonortakethemoffastheweatherchanges,andalwayscarryanumbrella.”（多穿幾層衣服，這樣天氣變更時(shí)你就可以穿上或脫下來，還要常常帶把傘。）可知，多穿幾層衣服是因?yàn)樘鞖庾兏艽?。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段“IntheUKyouwillseepeoplewearingallkindsofclothing.Schoolchildrenusuallywearauniformuntiltheageof16.Forolderstudents,UKschools,collegesanduniversitiesaretypicallyinformalenvironmentswhereyoucanchoosewhattowear.”（在英國，你會(huì)看到人們穿著各種各樣的衣服。學(xué)生通常穿校服直到16歲。對(duì)于年齡較大的學(xué)生來說，英國的學(xué)校、學(xué)院和高校通常都是非正式的環(huán)境，在那里你可以選擇穿什么。）可知，文章主要介紹了英國學(xué)生的穿著問題。故選A。BSincetheearliestdaysoftheUnitedStates,Americanshavebeguntheirdaybyeatingwhateverismosteasilyavailable.Thesefoodsoftenincludebread,eggsorleftovers—foodleftoverfromthenightbefore.Today,easeisstillanimportantfactorwhenitcomestobreakfast.However,whatpeopleeathaschangedovertime.Someoftoday’scommonbreakfastfoods,suchascereals(谷類食物),arepopularbecauseofveryeffectivemarketing.“Advertisingwaspracticallyinventedtosellcereals.Oneofthefirstwaysadvertisingwassuccessfullyoreffectivelyusedwastoconvincemothersthatitwasokayfortheirchildrentoeatinstantcereals.Theyofferedworkingmothersachancetoletkidstakecareofthemselvesinthemorning,”saysHeatherArndtAnderson.SheisthewriterofthebookBreakfast:AHistory.Advertisingalsoplayedanimportantpartinorangejuicebecomingamorningdrink.In1916,farmersgrewmoreorangesthanusual,soadvertisersbegansaying,“Drinkanorange.”Theyaimedtopersuadepeoplethatdrinkingorangejuicewasahealthywaytostarttheday.Pancakeshavealsobeenaroundforaverylongtime.Researchersbelievetheworld’soldestnaturallypreservedhumanmummy(木乃伊)ateapancake-likefoodasoneofhislastmeals.Researchersthinkpancakesmayhavebeenmadeinthemorningbecausetheyaremuchquickertopreparethanbread.Cookscouldthenhavetimetomakefreshbreadfordinner.Americansstilleatsomeofthesamebreakfastfoods—likebreadandeggs—thattheirancestorsdid.WriterHeatherArndtAndersonnotesthatpeople’sconcernsabouthealthyfoodchoiceshavealsostayedthesame.ShehopesmoreAmericanswillseeleftoversasbreakfastfoods.Afterall,theytastegoodandareagreatwaytoreducewaste.24.Whatistheadvantageoftheinstantcereal?A.Itmakeskidshealthier. B.Itsavesmothers’time.C.Itsatisfieseverybody’staste. D.Itcostslessthanotherfoods.25.Whatwastheadvertisers’finalpurposeofsaying“Drinkanorange”?A.Tomarkettheorangejuice.B.Torecommendapopularlifestyle.C.Topromoteorangesasahealthybreakfastitem.D.Toencouragefarmersinplantingmoreoranges.26.Whydoestheauthormentionamummyinparagraph4?A.Toexplaintheoriginofpancakes.B.Topresentthebenefitofpancakes.C.Toprovethelonghistoryofpancakes.D.Toshowthewidespreadingofpancakes.27.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.TheHistoryoftheAmericans’Diet.B.TheEffectsofAdvertisingFoods.C.TheImportanceofHavingHealthyMeals.D.TheDevelopmentoftheAmericans’Breakfast.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。從美國早期起先，美國人早餐就以吃最便捷的食物起先他們的一天。這些食物通常包括速溶麥片、薄煎餅或前一晚剩下的食物?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“SincetheearliestdaysoftheUnitedStates,Americanshavebeguntheirdaybyeatingwhateverismosteasilyavailable.”（從美國早期起先，美國人就以最簡(jiǎn)單得到的食物起先他們的一天）和“However,whatpeopleeathaschangedovertime.”（今日，輕松仍舊是早餐的一個(gè)重要因素。）可知，人們選擇早餐食品的一個(gè)重要因素是便利獲得；再結(jié)合文章其次段“Oneofthefirstwaysadvertisingwassuccessfullyoreffectivelyusedwastoconvincemothersthatitwasokayfortheirchildrentoeatinstantcereals.Theyofferedworkingmothersachancetoletkidstakecareofthemselvesinthemorning,”saysHeatherArndtAnderson.”（廣告勝利或有效運(yùn)用的最初方法之一，就是勸服母親們，讓她們的孩子吃速溶麥片是可以的。他們?yōu)楣ぷ鞯哪赣H們供應(yīng)了一個(gè)讓孩子們?cè)谠缟险湛醋约旱臋C(jī)會(huì)?！焙Ｉぐ⒍魈亍ぐ驳律f。）可知，速溶麥片的好處是可以節(jié)約媽媽的時(shí)間。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Advertisingalsoplayedanimportantpartinorangejuicebecomingamorningdrink.”（在橙汁成為早餐飲品的過程中，廣告也起到了重要作用。）和“Theyaimedtopersuadepeoplethatdrinkingorangejuicewasahealthywaytostarttheday.”（他們的目的是勸服人們喝橙汁是健康的起先一天生活的方式。）可推知，廣告商說“喝橘子”的最終目的是為了推銷橙汁。故選A。【26題詳解】推理推斷題。例子是為了說明觀點(diǎn)的。依據(jù)文章第四段“Pancakeshavealsobeenaroundforaverylongtime.Researchersbelievetheworld’soldestnaturallypreservedhumanmummy(木乃伊)ateapancake-likefoodasoneofhislastmeals.”（煎餅也有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。探討人員認(rèn)為，世界上最古老的自然保存的人類木乃伊最終一餐吃了一種薄餅狀的食物。）可知，這個(gè)例子是為了說明證明煎餅的悠久歷史。故選C。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了美國早餐飲食的演化歷史，即從早期的面包和雞蛋，到后來的麥片粥和橙汁，美國人早餐食品的種類不斷增加。B項(xiàng)：TheDevelopmentoftheAmericans’Breakfast.（美國人早餐的發(fā)展。）符合題意。故選D。CAtthebeginningofthe16thcentury,LeonardodaVincireturnedtoFlorenceafteralmosttwodecadesintheemployofLudovicoSforza,DukeofMilan.Nearing50,Leonardowasalreadyfamedforhisscientificgiftandartisticachievements.Combiningpracticalityandobservation,Leonardoappliedtheprincipleofsaperevedere(knowinghowtosee,inLatin)intoasmanyareasofhumanenquiryasitledhim.CesareBorgia,theambitioussonofPopeAlexanderVI,becameLeonardo’sfinancialsupporterin1502.OneofthefirsttasksgiventoLeonardowastocreateamapofthecityofImola,nearBologna.Borgiahadtakencontrolofthecityin1499.Itwasakeysuccessfortheyoungcommander.Controllingthecitywouldrequireunderstandingitsgeographyandlandmarks,andBorgiawantedthemapfromthefinestmindofLeonardoinordertodothat.Inthe16thcenturycitymapstendedtobesymbolicandoftensymbolic,enlargingthesizeofreligiousbuildings.Leonardo’s“ImolaPlan”brokewiththistradition,aimingtoshowtherealityontheground,andtoprovideamapthatwasofmorepracticaluse.LeonardoappliedamappingtechniquedevelopedbyFlorentinehumanistLeonBattistaAlberti,whosuggestedthatatownshouldbemappedusingpolarcoordinates(極坐標(biāo)系).StartingwithAlberti’stechnique,Leonardoadaptedittorecordmoreaccuratedistances,proportions,andrelationshipsbetweenfeatures.Thecity’spublicsquarewasfixedinthemiddleofthegrid(坐標(biāo)方格).HistoriansbelievethatLeonardocollecteddataonthegroundbystartingatthiscentralpointandthenusingacompass(羅盤)andodometer(計(jì)程器)tomeasurestreetsandlandmarks.Usinggeometry,hecouldthenfillintherestofthemap.Leonardo’stechniquesgaverisetothefirstmapthatuseddatatoaccuratelyshowa“flattenedcity”asitmightbeseenfromabove,whatiscalledanichnographic(平面圖的)maptoday,perhapsthemostfamiliartypeofmapusedtoday.Leonardo’smeasurementsstillholdup:Accordingtohistorians,the“ImolaPlan”canstillbeusedtonavigatethecityfivecenturieslater.28.WhydidCesareBorgiaaskLeonardodaVincitomapImola?A.Torebuildit. B.Toruleitbetter.C.Toattackandtakeit. D.Topushmappingforward.29.Whatcanweinferaboutthecitymapsinthe16thcentury?A.Theywerealwaysofalargesize.B.Theywereoftencreatedbyreligiousgroups.C.Theygavespecialattentiontocertainlandmarks.D.Theycontinuedthetraditionofshowingreality.30.FromwhomdidLeonardodaVincigetinspirationwhencarryingoutthe“ImolaPlan”?A.CesareBorgia. B.LudovicoSforza.C.LeonBattistaAlberti. D.PopeAlexanderVI.31.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepopularityofichnographicmapsnowadays.B.Theexpectationofthedevelopmentofmapping.C.Theimprovementofmeasuresusedtomakemaps.DTheimportanceofLeonardodaVinci’s“ImolaPlan”.【答案】28.B29.C30.C31.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇的“伊莫拉支配”及其帶來的深遠(yuǎn)影響。【28題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Controllingthecitywouldrequireunderstandingitsgeographyandlandmarks,andBorgiawantedthemapfromthefinestmindofLeonardoinordertodothat.”可知，要想限制這座城市須要了解它的地理和地標(biāo)，而Borgia想要從達(dá)芬奇最聰慧的頭腦那里得到這張地圖。由此可知，CesareBorgia請(qǐng)達(dá)芬奇繪制伊莫拉地圖，以便更好地統(tǒng)治它。故選B。【29題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Inthe16thcenturycitymapstendedtobesymbolicandoftensymbolic,enlargingthesizeofreligiousbuildings.”可知，在16世紀(jì)，城市地圖往往是象征性的，通常是象征性的，擴(kuò)大了宗教建筑的規(guī)模。由此推知，16世紀(jì)的城市地圖對(duì)某些地標(biāo)賜予了特殊的關(guān)注。故選C。【30題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“LeonardoappliedamappingtechniquedevelopedbyFlorentinehumanistLeonBattistaAlberti,whosuggestedthatatownshouldbemappedusingpolarcoordinates(極坐標(biāo)系).”可知，列奧納多運(yùn)用了一種由佛羅倫薩人文主義者萊昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿爾貝蒂開發(fā)的制圖技術(shù)，他建議用極坐標(biāo)來繪制一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。由此可知，達(dá)芬奇在執(zhí)行“伊莫拉支配”時(shí)從萊昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿爾貝蒂那里得到了靈感。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段“Leonardo’stechniquesgaverisetothefirstmapthatuseddatatoaccuratelyshowa“flattenedcity”asitmightbeseenfromabove,whatiscalledanichnographic(平面圖的)maptoday,perhapsthemostfamiliartypeofmapusedtoday.Leonardo’smeasurementsstillholdup:Accordingtohistorians,the“ImolaPlan”canstillbeusedtonavigatethecityfivecenturieslater.”可知，列奧納多的技術(shù)促成了第一張利用數(shù)據(jù)精確顯示從上面可以看到的“平展的城市”的地圖，這就是今日所謂的平面圖，或許是今日運(yùn)用的最熟識(shí)的地圖類型。列奧納多的測(cè)量方法至今仍舊有效：依據(jù)歷史學(xué)家的說法，“伊莫拉支配”在5個(gè)世紀(jì)后仍可用于巡游這座城市。由此可知，最終一段主要講解并描述了達(dá)芬奇“伊莫拉支配”的重要性及深遠(yuǎn)影響。故選D。DThedaysofhavingtocarryaphonechargereverywherecouldsoonbeover.Michiganresearchershaverevealedamajorbreakthroughinharvestingenergyfromhumanmotion.Theysayitcouldleadtosmartphonespoweredforaweekbythemotionofaswipe(重?fù)?.MichiganStateUniversity’slow-costdevice,knownasananogenerator,hasalreadybeentested.ScientistssuccessfullyoperatedanLCDtouchscreen,abankof20LEDlightsandaflexiblekeyboard,allwithasimpletouchingorpressingmotionandwithouttheaidofabattery.Thegroundbreakingfindings,publishedinthejournalNanoEnergy,suggest“We’reonthepathtowardwearabledevicespoweredbyhumanmotion,”saidNelsonSepulveda,associateprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringandleadresearcheroftheproject.“WhatIforesee,relativelysoon,isthecapabilityofnothavingtochargeyourcellphoneforanentireweek,forexample,becausethatenergywillbeproducedbyyourmovement,”saidSepulveda,whoseresearchisfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation.Electricalenergyiscreatedwhenthedeviceiscompressedbyhumanmotion.Thecompleteddeviceisasthinasasheetofpaper.ThedeviceusedtopowertheLEDlightswaspalm-sized,whilethedeviceusedtopowerthetouchscreenwasassmallasafinger.Advantagessuchasbeinglightweight,flexibleandlow-costcouldmakeitapromisingandalternativemethodinthefieldofMechanical-energyharvesting.Thedevicealsobecomesmorepowerfulwhenfolded.Sepulvedasaid,“Youcanstartwithalargedevice,butwhenyoufolditonce,andagain,andagain,it’smuchsmallerandhasmoreenergy.Nowitmaybesmallenoughtoputinaspeciallymadeheelofyourshoesoitcreatespowereachtimeyourheelstrikestheground.”Sepulvedaandhisteamarealsodevelopingtechnologythatwouldtransmitthepowergeneratedbytheheelstriketo,say,awirelessheadset.32.Theunderlinedword“device”inthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto.A.apieceofequipment B.aspecialkindofsmartphoneC.atouchscreen D.aflexiblekeyboard33.WhatcanwelearnaboutNelsonSepulvedainthepassage?A.HeworksasajournalistwritingforNanoEnergy.B.Heplaysamajorroleintheprojectofthenanogenerator.C.Heinventedatypeofbattery-freesmartphone.D.HecollectsfundsfortheNationalScienceFoundation.34.Fromthepassageweknowthatthenanogenerator.A.becomesmorepowerfulwhenkeptflatB.hasalreadycomeintomarketintheUSAC.islightweightandflexiblethoughexpensiveD.makesitpossibletoproducepowerbywalking35.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.A.persuadepeopletobuythedeviceB.bringinanewwaytosaveenergyC.introduceabreakthroughinscienceD.honorNelsonSepulvedaforhiscontributions【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文介紹了科學(xué)上的一項(xiàng)重大突破。密歇根的探討人員取得了一項(xiàng)重大突破,可從人體動(dòng)作中收集能量?！?2題詳解】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段第一句中knownasananogenerator,hasalreadybeentested.即納米發(fā)電器，已通過測(cè)試。可知前文劃線部分的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是“一種設(shè)備”，故選A?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“We’reonthepathtowardwearabledevicespoweredbyhumanmotion,”saidNelsonSepulveda,associateprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringandleadresearcheroftheproject.可知，NelsonSepulveda在納米發(fā)電機(jī)的項(xiàng)目中起著重要的作用。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“We’reonthepathtowardwearabledevicespoweredbyhumanmotion,”我們正在走向可穿戴設(shè)備，由人體運(yùn)動(dòng)來驅(qū)動(dòng)?？芍ㄟ^步行來生產(chǎn)動(dòng)力已變成可能。故選D?！?5題詳解】目的意圖題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Thedaysofhavingtocarryaphonechargereverywherecouldsoonbeover.Michiganresearchershaverevealedamajorbreakthroughinharvestingenergyfromhumanmotion.Theysayitcouldleadtosmartphonespoweredforaweekbythemotionofaswipe（重?fù)簦?”隨身攜帶手機(jī)充電器的日子可能即將過去。密歇根的探討人員取得了一項(xiàng)重大突破,可從人體動(dòng)作中收集能量。探討人員稱，從刷手機(jī)這一動(dòng)作中獲得的能量足以供智能手機(jī)續(xù)航一周?？芍疚脑诮榻B科學(xué)上的一項(xiàng)重大突破。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】做推理推斷題時(shí)，要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。在進(jìn)行推理時(shí)，考生肯定要細(xì)致閱讀短文，千萬不行脫離原文而僅憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷。本題第3小題，依據(jù)其次段中“We’reonthepathtowardwearabledevicespoweredbyhumanmotion,”我們正在走向可穿戴設(shè)備，由人體運(yùn)動(dòng)來驅(qū)動(dòng)?？芍ㄟ^步行來生產(chǎn)動(dòng)力已變成可能。其次節(jié)：七選五(共5小題,每小題2分,滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Youmaywanttomakesureyougetthemostoutofyourteenageyears.Workinghardasateencanhelpyoudevelopgoodhabitsyoucancarryintoadulthood.Thereareavarietyofwaysyoucanupgradeyourlifeasateenager.Discoverwhatinspiresyou.Passionsshouldmakeyoufeelexcited.Consideringwhatinspiresyouinyourday-to-daylifecanhelpyouidentifypassions.___36___Thismaymeanyouhaveapassionforartorarthistory.Spendyourtimepouringyourenergiesintoyourpersonalpassions.___37___It'simportanttohavegoalsasateen,asthesecanhelpshapeyouradultlife.Writingdownavarietyofgoalsforagivenyear,semester,orsummercanhelpyouupgradeyourlife.Specificandrealisticgoalsworkbest.___38___Forexample,maybeyou'reinterestedinanimalwelfare.Agoallike,“Iwillavoidusingproductstestedonanimals,”isamorespecificgoalthan,“Iwilldomyparttoendanimalcruelty.”Donotgiveintopeer(同齡人)pressure.It'sgreattobeopentotryingnewthingsasateen,andimportanttomakethemostofyourteenageyears.___39___Truefriendswillnottrytopressureyouintodoingsomethingyoudon'twanttodo.Peerpressurecomesinavarietyofforms,andcancreateunnecessarystressandtensioninyourlife.Knowhowtoidentifyandavoidpeerpressure.Acceptyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Everyoneisgoodatdifferentthings.Youmaynothaveagiftforwriting,butyoumayexcelatsciencecourses.___40___Youcannotsucceedineverything,andthat'sokay.A.Donotlimityourselfasateenager.B.Focusonwhatyou'regoodat,andwhatyouenjoy.C.Afteryou'vespentsometimeconsideringyourpassions,setgoalsforyourself.D.Maybeyoulovereadingaboutartistsandfindgoingtoartmuseumsinspiring.E.However,youshouldnotdoanythingthatmakesyoufeeluncomfortableorunsafe.F.You'llendupmeetingpeopleyourownageanddevelopingagroupoffriendsatwork.G.Thatmeanswhenwritinggoalsyoushouldstateclearlyhowyouwanttogoafterthesethings.【答案】36.D37.C38.G39.E40.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了可以提高青少年生活質(zhì)量的一些方法。【36題詳解】依據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Discoverwhatinspiresyou.”（發(fā)覺激勵(lì)你的東西。）可知，本段內(nèi)容和“inspire”有關(guān)，下文“Thismaymeanyouhaveapassionforartorarthistory.”（這可能意味著你對(duì)藝術(shù)或藝術(shù)史有熱忱。）和D項(xiàng)：Maybeyoulovereadingaboutartistsandfindgoingtoartmuseumsinspiring.（或許你喜愛閱讀有關(guān)藝術(shù)家的書籍，覺得去藝術(shù)博物館很有啟發(fā)。）形成說明說明關(guān)系。故選D?！?7題詳解】空處為段落主題句。依據(jù)下文“It'simportanttohavegoalsasateen,asthesecanhelpshapeyouradultlife.”（作為一個(gè)青少年，有目標(biāo)是很重要的，因?yàn)檫@些目標(biāo)可以幫助塑造你的成年生活。）可知，上文提到的內(nèi)容和“goal”相關(guān)。C項(xiàng)：Afteryou'vespentsometimeconsideringyourpassions,setgoalsforyourself.（在你花了一些時(shí)間考慮你的愛好之后，為自己設(shè)定目標(biāo)。）符合語境。故選C?！?8題詳解】依據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Specificandrealisticgoalsworkbest.”（詳細(xì)而現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)效果最好。）可知，空處應(yīng)當(dāng)說明說明設(shè)定的目標(biāo)要詳細(xì)化。G項(xiàng)：Thatmeanswhenwritinggoalsyoushouldstateclearlyhowyouwanttogoafterthesethings.（這意味著在寫目標(biāo)的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)當(dāng)清晰地說明你想要如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。）符合語境。故選G。【39題詳解】依據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“It'sgreattobeopentotryingnewthingsasateen,andimportanttomakethemostofyourteenageyears.”（作為一個(gè)青少年，開放地嘗試新事物是很好的，并且充分利用你的青少年時(shí)期是很重要的。）和下文內(nèi)容“Truefriendswillnottrytopressureyouintodoingsomethingyoudon'twanttodo.”（真正的摯友不會(huì)強(qiáng)迫你做你不想做的事。）可知，空處和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)：However,youshouldnotdoanythingthatmakesyoufeeluncomfortableorunsafe.（然而，你不應(yīng)當(dāng)做任何讓你感到不舒適或擔(dān)心全的事情。）符合語境。故選E?！?0題詳解】本段的主題句是“Acceptyourstrengthsandweaknesses”（接受自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。）再依據(jù)上文“Youmaynothaveagiftforwriting,butyoumayexcelatsciencecourses.”（你可能沒有寫作的天賦，但你可能擅長(zhǎng)理科課程。）可知，空處應(yīng)當(dāng)是說明須要了解自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)：Focusonwha