初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課件教學(xué)

MiddleSchoolEnglishGrammarCourseware目錄NounVerbSubjectsandadvertisementsPronounPositionsandconnections01NounNounisapartofspeechthatnamesaperson,place,thing,animal,orideaNounscanbeclassifiedintotwomaincategories:normalnounsandcommonnounsPropnounsnamespecificindividuals,places,orthingswhilecommonnounsnameaclassofthingsWhatisanoun?Abstractnouns01Thesenounsrepresentanidea,quality,emotion,orconceptthatcannotbetouchedorseenForexample:love,fear,justiceConcretenouns02ThesenounsrepresentatangibleobjectorpersonthatcanbeseenortouchedForexample:book,car,personCollectivenouns03ThesenounsnameagroupofpeopleorthingsconsideredasawholeForexample:family,team,herdTypesofNounsEnglishnounshaveapluralformthatisusedtorefertomorethanoneperson,thing,orideaThemostcommonwaytoformtheusualofnounsisbyadding"s"attheendofthewordForexample:book->books,car->carsHowever,somenounshaveirregularregularformsthatdonotfollowtheregularpatternForexample:child->children,goose->geeseThePluralFormNouns02VerbAverbisawordthatexpressesanaction,action,state,orexistence,usuallyservingasthemaincomponentinasentence,indicatingtheactiontakenbythesubject.Verbsaredividedintotransitiveverbs,intransitiveverbs,andlinkingverbs.Transitiveverbscantakeanobject,whileintransitiveverbscannottakeanobject.Verbsindicatethecharacteristicsorstateofthesubjectandcannottakeanobject.Verbshavevariousformchanges,includingpresenttense,pasttense,futuretense,aswellasvoice(activeandpassivevoice),infinitive,etc.Theseformalchangesareoftenusedtoexpressdifferenttimes,moods,andvoices.DefinitionofverbVerbclassificationVerbformchangesDefinitionofverbsMeaningfulverbsMeaningfulverbsindicateactualactionstakenbythesubject,suchasrunning,eating,drinking,writing,etc.Theseverbscanusuallytakeanobject.AuxiliaryverbsAuxiliaryverbsarewordsusedinconjunctionwithsubstantiveverbstoexpressnegation,questioning,emphasis,andothermoods.Commonauxiliaryverbsincludebe,do,have,etc.ModalverbsModalverbsexpressthemoodofpossibility,wish,suggestion,etc.,andareusuallyusedinconjunctionwithsubstantiveverbs.Commonmodalverbsincludecan,may,should,etc.TypesofverbsTheSenseandVoiceofVerbsTense:Thetenseofaverbindicatesthetimeandmannerinwhichanactionoccurs.InEnglish,therearemainlytensessuchaspresenttense,pasttense,andfuturetense.Eachtensehasdifferentformsofvariation,suchasthepresenttensewhichincludestheoriginalform,thirdpersonsingularform,etc.Voice:Thevoiceofaverbindicatestherelationshipbetweentheactionandthesubject.Therearemainlytwotypesofvoice:activevoiceandpassivevoice.Theactivevoiceindicatesthattheactionistakenbythesubject,whilethepassivevoiceindicatesthattheactionistakenbythesubject.Forexample,"Thebookiswrittenbyhim."usesthepassivevoice.03SubjectsandadvertisementsDefinitionAnobjectiveisawordthatdescribesanounorapronoonItcanbeusedtogivemoreinformationaboutthenounorpronoun,soasitsappearance,color,shape,size,origin,etcTypesofobjectiveTherearetwotypesofobjectives:descriptiveandpassiveDescriptiveobjectivesareusedtodescribethecharacteristicsofthenounorpronoun,whilepositiveobjectivesareusedtoshowsessionorconnectionwiththenounorpronounThedefinitionandtypesofobjectiveAnadvocateisawordthatmodifiesaverb,objective,oranotheradvocateItcanbeusedtogivemoreinformationabouttheverb,soashow,where,when,orinwhatwaytheactiontakesplaceDefinitionTherearethreetypesofadvisors:general,specific,andintensiveGeneraladsmodifytheverbwithoutchangingitsmeaning,specificadsmodifytheverbtoindicateaspecificactionorsituation,andintensiveadsmodifytheverbtoincreaseitsintensityordegreeTypesofadvisorsThedefinitionandtypesofadvertisementComparativeandsuperiorofobjectionsComparativeobjectionsareusedtocomparetwoormorethingsorpeople,whilesuperiorobjectionsareusedtocomparethreeormorethingsorpeopleForexample,"Taller"isacomparativeobjectivemeaning"higherthan,"while"Tallest"isasuperiorobjectivemeaning"thehighest."要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二ComparativeandsuperiorofadvertisementsComparativeadvertisementsareusedtocomparetwoormoreactionsorsituations,whilesuperioradvertisementsareusedtocomparethreeormoreactionsorsituationsForexample,"fast"isacomparativeadvisorymeans"morequicklythan,"while"fast"isasuperioradvisorymeans"thequickest."Thecomparativeandsuperlativeofobjectionsandadvertisements04PronounApronounisawordthatisusedtorefertoanounoranounphrasewithoutrepeatingthenounpersonal,positive,define,anddemonstrativepronounsThedefinitionandtypesofprTypesDefinitionPersonalproofsTheseproofsareusedtorefertospecificpeopleorthingsTheyincludeI,you,he,she,it,we,they,andtheyPositiveproofsTheseproofsareusedtoshowsessionorownershipTheyincludemine,your,his,hers,its,ours,their,andtheir'Personalpronouns,passiveThesepronounsareusedtorefertopeopleorthingsthatarenotspecificorspecificTheyincludesome,any,no,one,none,all,every,each,either,andneitherDefinepronounsTheseproofsareusedtopointoutoridentifyaspecificpersonorthingTheyincludethis,that,these,andthatDemonstrativeproofsIndefinitepronounsandDemons05PositionsandconnectionsApropositionisawordthatlinksanounorpronountoaverborobjective,expressingarelationshipsuchastime,place,direction,ormannPositionsareoneofthemostcommonlyusedwordsintheEnglishlanguageDefinitionPositionscanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypes,includingspatial(e.g.,"in,""on,""under"),temporary(e.g.,"before,""after,""during"),causal(e.g.,"because,""since,""for"),andconditional(e.g.,"and,""but,""or")TypesThedefinitionandtypesofpositionsDefinitionAconnectionisawordthatconnectswords,phrases,orsensestoexpressrelationshipsofequality,inequality,exclusion,orinclusionConnectionsareusedtolinkideastogethertoformacompletethoughtTypesConnectionscanb