2023-2024學(xué)年重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdidthemanbuyforhisfather?A.Ahat.B.Acard.C.Ashirt.2.HowwillTomknowiftheschooliscanceled?A.Byaskinghismother.B.Bywatchingthesnow.C.BycheckingtheTVnews.3.Wherewasthemanborn?A.InAmerica.B.InEngland.C.InCanada.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Annamaynothavetime.B.Annaisatherbrother’shouse.C.Annashouldinvitehimtodinner.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemusicfestivalthisyear?A.It’stoofaraway.B.It’stooexpensive.C.It’stoocrowded.第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第7兩個(gè)小題。6.HowmanyfiftiesdidFredstartwith?A.Two.B.Five.C.Ten.7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inamathclass.C.Inagrocerystore.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個(gè)小題。8.Whoinvitedthewomantotheparty?A.Michael.B.Michael’ssister.C.Michael’sbrother.9.WhatisthemangoingtogetforMichael?A.AnewCDplayer.B.Somerecords.C.Severalbaseballcards.10.Whycan’tthewomandecidewhattogetforMichael?A.Sheforgetswhathelikes.B.Sheonlyhasalittlemoney.C.Shedoesn’tknowhimwell.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。11.WhatwillJudydothisafternoon?A.SendPeterabrochure.B.Designsomemodels.C.Attendameeting.12.WhydoesPetermakethephonecall?A.Toordersomemachines.B.Toaskforcoloredpictures.C.Tochangethedeliverytime.13.Whenwillthespeakerssigntheagreement?A.Thisevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Atnoontomorrow.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第17四個(gè)小題。14.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman’swife.B.Theman’sdoctor.C.Theman’spersonaltrainer.15.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Joinabasketballteam.B.Organizeasportsteam.C.Teachhighschoolsports.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodofirst?A.Stopeatingicecream.B.Haveamedicalexamination.C.Eatmorefruitandvegetables.17.Whydoesthewomansuggestthemanexercisemore?A.Toloseweight.B.Topreventaheartattack.C.Tostrengthenhismuscles.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至第20三個(gè)小題。18.Howdidtheoldwoman’scookiesbecomefamous?A.Shestartedagoodcookiebusiness.B.Shegavethemtochildrenforfree.C.Shebakedtheminaspecialkitchen.19.Whydidthechildrenhelptheoldwomanatfirst?A.Theoldwomanwastoobusy.B.Theirparentswantedthemtodoso.C.Theywantedtogetsomeexperience.20.Whatdidthechildrendowhentheoldwomangotsick?A.Theycookedfoodforher.B.Theytookturnslookingafterher.C.Theysoldcookiestopaythedoctor.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucialroleinincreasingawarenessaboutthosebooks.Butit’stooeasytobetrickedintobad“advertisingopportunities”andmakethewrongdecisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.Facebookadvertising:Facebookprovidestheperfectadvertisingplatformforauthorsbecauseitallowstargetingveryspecificcategoriesofpeople.Theotheradvantageisthatit’seasytotest.Youcanstartwithabudgetaslowas$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary(貨幣的)commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentispositive.Amazonadvertising:Amazonallowsyoutoshowadsaboutyourbookdirectlyonotherbookpagesandsearchresultpages.SincetheirmainUSrolloutin2017,they’vebecomethemosteffectiveadvertisingplaceforauthors.Bookbubadvertising:Bookbubrolledoutaself-serveadplatformin2016,whichthey’vegreatlyimprovedsince.It’salesscompetitiveplayingfieldthanFacebookorAmazon,butitdoeshaveitsfeatures.Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou’rerunningadiscountorfreepromotionononeofyourbooks,youcanapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,Bargainbooksy,etc.Othertypesofadvertisingincludesearchadvertising,Goodreadsadvertising,banneradsonwebsites,etc.Thesehaven’tproducedthesameeffectiveresultsformostauthorsyet,buttheycouldbejustaseffective(ormore)ifyouwriteinacertainfield.1.WhatisspecialabouttheFacebookadvertising?A.Itiseasyforauthorstoaccess.B.Itaimsatsavingmoneyforreaders.C.Itallowsadjustinginvestmentbyprofit.D.Itincludesdifferentcategoriesofinformation.2.Whichissuitabletopromoteyourbookwithadiscount?A.Facebook. B.Amazon. C.Bookbub. D.Freebooksy.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Togetreaderstobuymorebooks.B.Toraisepeople’sreadingawareness.C.Toofferauthorsadvertisingplatforms.D.Tohelppublisherscommunicatewithreaders.〖答案〗1.C2.D3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾種在書籍推廣中常用的幾種廣告形式，并詳細(xì)描述了每種廣告形式的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢，以及如何使用它們來提高書籍的知名度和銷售量?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theotheradvantageisthatit’seasytotest.Youcanstartwithabudgetaslowas$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary(貨幣的)commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentispositive.(另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它很容易測試。你可以從低至5美元的預(yù)算開始，如果你的投資回報(bào)是積極的，你可以逐漸增加你的資金投入。)”可知，F(xiàn)acebook的廣告很容易測試，可以從低預(yù)算開始，如果回報(bào)很好，就可以增加資金投入。故選C。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou’rerunningadiscountorfreepromotionononeofyourbooks,youcanapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,Bargainbooksy,etc.(折扣/促銷廣告：如果你正在對你的某本書進(jìn)行折扣或免費(fèi)促銷，你可以申請?jiān)贔reebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平臺的新聞通訊中做廣告。)”可知，如果你正在對你的某本書進(jìn)行折扣或免費(fèi)促銷，你可以申請?jiān)贔reebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平臺的新聞通訊中做廣告。故選D。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucialroleinincreasingawarenessaboutthosebooks.Butit’stooeasytobetrickedintobad“advertisingopportunities”andmakethewrongdecisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.(每天都有成千上萬的書出版，圖書廣告在提高人們對這些書的認(rèn)識方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。但是，很容易被欺騙到糟糕的“廣告機(jī)會”，并做出錯(cuò)誤的決定。以下是幾種行之有效的數(shù)字廣告形式。)”可知，文章主要提供了一些有效的數(shù)字廣告形式。故選C。BAsfarasweknowbatteriesareplayinganimportantroleinourlife.Wecouldn’tlivewithoutbatteries.Whyso?Batteriesprovidepowerforanythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)”,saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystems(M/NEMS).Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaid,theyaresafe.“Peoplebeartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid,“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體).Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶體結(jié)構(gòu))ofthesolidsemiconductor,Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.4.Accordingtoparagraph1and2,wecanlearnthat________.A.batteriescanonlypowersmallsensorsB.thelargerbatteriesare,themorepowertheycanprovideC.JaeKwonisworkinghardtoimprovechemicalbatteriesD.certainmethodswithhighenergydensitycanprovidepowerabundantly5.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4________.A.tointroducevariousenergysourcesB.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystemC.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyusedD.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied6.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto________.A.getridoftheradioactivewaste B.declinethedamagetolatticestructureC.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries D.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteries7.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery________.A.couldbeextremelythin B.willsoonreplacethepresentoneshasC.usesasolidsemiconductor D.passedthefinaltest〖答案〗4.D5.C6.B7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Kwon和他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)一直致力于建造一個(gè)小型核電池，并且解釋了它的關(guān)鍵部件以及對核電池的安全推測和預(yù)測?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)”,saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”(MU電子與計(jì)算機(jī)工程助理教授JaeKwon說:“為了提供足夠的能量，我們需要某些具有高能量密度的方法?！狈派湫酝凰仉姵乜梢蕴峁┍然瘜W(xué)電池高得多的功率密度。”)”可知，某些能量密度高的方法可以提供充足的能量。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaid,theyaresafe.(Kwon說，雖然核能電池會引起擔(dān)憂，但它們是安全的。)”和第四段中“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.(然而，核動力源已經(jīng)安全地為各種設(shè)備提供動力，如起搏器、太空衛(wèi)星和水下系統(tǒng)。)”可知，Kwon在第四段舉例子是為了說明核電池可安全使用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段““Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶體結(jié)構(gòu))ofthesolidsemiconductor,Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”(“使用放射性電池的關(guān)鍵是，當(dāng)你收集能量時(shí)，部分輻射能會破壞固體半導(dǎo)體的晶格結(jié)構(gòu)，”Kwon說，“通過使用液體半導(dǎo)體，我們相信我們可以最大限度地減少這個(gè)問題。”)”可知，液態(tài)半導(dǎo)體是被用來減少對晶格結(jié)構(gòu)的損害。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.(Kwon表示，電池可能比人的頭發(fā)還薄。)”可知，他的核電池可能非常薄。故選A項(xiàng)。CIntheannalsofhumanhistory,fewsubjectshavegeneratedasmuchexcitement,debate,andguessasartificialintelligence(AI).Thisrevolutionarytechnology,whichenablesmachinestoperformtasksthatoncerequiredhumanintelligence,hasthepotentialtotransformeverypartofoursociety,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.This“machinelearning”isthedrivingforcebehindmanyoftheAIapplicationsweseetoday,fromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatomoreadvancedsystemslikeIBM’sWatson,whichcananalyzevastamountsofinformationtoassistdoctorsindiagnosingdiseases.ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含義).Themachinesareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyarefed,andthere’sagrowingconcernaboutbiases(偏見)beingbuiltintoAIsystems.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologies,usedineverythingfromunlockingphonestopolicemonitoringcameras,havecomeundercheckformisidentifyingindividualsbasedonraceorgender.Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.WhilenewrolesandindustriesmightemergeasaresultofAI,itisnotsurethatthesewillpayoffthejobslost.Thiscouldincreaseincomeinequalitiesandcausesdifficultiestosocialsystems.Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.ManyAIsystemsoperateinwaysthateventheircreatorsdon’tfullyunderstand.Thiscanbeproblematic,especiallyincriticalapplicationslikehealthcareorcriminaljusticewhereunderstandingthelogicbehindadecisionisimportant.Thenthere’sthepotentialforAItobeweaponized.Inthehandsofevilactors,AIcouldbeusedtospreadmisinformation,controlpublicopinion,orevenengageininternetwarfare.Theglobalcommunitymustcometogethertosetstandardsandregulationstopreventsuchmisuse.Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促進(jìn))acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemethodbywhichmachinesacquirethecapabilitytoperformtasksthattraditionallyrequiredhumanintelligence?A.Byprogrammingpredefinedrules.B.Throughuserinteractionseveryday.C.Byingestingandprocessingvastamountsofdata.D.Viaregularsoftwareupdatesfromdevelopers.9.Inthecontextofthearticle,howdoestheauthorprimarilydemonstratetheeffectofartificialintelligence?A.Bycitingnumerousstatisticaldata.B.BypresentingboththepositivepotentialandthechallengesofAI.C.Throughpersonalexperiences.D.ByfocusingonthenegativeeffectsofAI.10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.TheRiseofVirtualAssistants:SiriandAlexaB.UnderstandingtheMechanismsBehindAIAlgorithmsC.ArtificialIntelligence:ChartingtheCourseforTomorrow’sTechD.BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AIhasalreadyreplacedmosthumanjobsandistheleadingcauseofunemployment.B.TheglobalcommunityhastakenmeasurestopreventAImisuse.C.TheoperationofmanyAIsystemsiseasilyunderstoodbytheircreators.D.ThesolvingtothedilemmabroughtbyAIneedscollectiveeffortsofoursociety.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.D11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓(xùn)，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時(shí)避免潛在的危險(xiǎn)。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.(人工智能的核心是數(shù)據(jù)。大量的數(shù)據(jù)被輸入到算法中，從這些數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)，使它們能夠做出預(yù)測，識別模式，甚至做出決策。)”可知，機(jī)器獲得執(zhí)行傳統(tǒng)上需要人類智能的任務(wù)的能力的方法是通過攝取和處理大量數(shù)據(jù)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.(人工智能的變革潛力是不可否認(rèn)的。例如，在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域，人工智能可以幫助早期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病，預(yù)測患者的預(yù)后，甚至提出治療方案。在金融領(lǐng)域，算法可以預(yù)測股票市場趨勢，并提供個(gè)性化的理財(cái)建議。在交通方面，配備人工智能系統(tǒng)的自動駕駛汽車有望減少事故，緩解交通擁堵，并改變城市景觀。)”、第四段“However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含義).(然而，潛力越大，責(zé)任越大。人工智能的興起引發(fā)了關(guān)于其道德含義的爭論。)”、第五段“Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.(此外，人工智能的廣泛應(yīng)用可能會導(dǎo)致大量的工作崗位流失。)”以及第六段“Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.(另一個(gè)主要問題是人工智能的“黑匣子”性質(zhì)。)”可推知，作者通過展示人工智能的積極潛力和挑戰(zhàn)來論證人工智能的影響。故選B?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.(總之，人工智能是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最深刻的發(fā)明之一。雖然它提供了巨大的機(jī)會，但它也帶來了我們作為一個(gè)社會必須歡迎的重大挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)我們站在這個(gè)技術(shù)的十字路口時(shí)，我們的選擇將決定人工智能對人類是有益還是有害。)”可知，文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓(xùn)，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時(shí)避免潛在的危險(xiǎn)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)：BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety(平衡人工智能在現(xiàn)代社會中的潛力和挑戰(zhàn))是最好的標(biāo)題。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促進(jìn))acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.(從好的方面來看，許多專家認(rèn)為，通過建立正確的框架，投資于教育和再培訓(xùn)，我們可以利用人工智能的力量為更大的利益服務(wù)。通過培養(yǎng)一種持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的文化和跟上技術(shù)進(jìn)步的步伐，社會可以從人工智能的前景中受益，同時(shí)避免其潛在的危險(xiǎn)。)”可知，解決人工智能帶來的困境需要我們社會的共同努力。故選D。DFrozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物學(xué))producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假設(shè))aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科學(xué)界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelong-termecologicalimpactofthecurrenthuman-producedbiodiversitycrisis,theso-calledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechange,biodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.12.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento_______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeacomparison13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Acomprehensiveview.14.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.15.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries〖答案〗12.C13.D14.B15.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了古生物學(xué)遠(yuǎn)不止是新的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過化石上表征的過去，古生物學(xué)家抽絲剝繭得出過去經(jīng)驗(yàn)，預(yù)測危險(xiǎn)，為未來如何避免犯過去同樣的錯(cuò)誤提供明燈，強(qiáng)調(diào)了古生物學(xué)研究的真正意義何在?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。第一段“Frozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物學(xué))producesnewsworthydiscoveries.(時(shí)間凝固，一只1.25億年前的哺乳動物正在攻擊一只恐龍。一頭3900萬年前的鯨魚，是有史以來最重的動物。已知最古老的水母，來自5.05億年前。古生物學(xué)產(chǎn)生了有新聞價(jià)值的發(fā)現(xiàn))”講述了古生物學(xué)產(chǎn)生了有新聞價(jià)值的古老化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合第二段“Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假設(shè))aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.(此外，化石為漫長的生命史提供了直接證據(jù)，使古生物學(xué)家能夠用他們提供的數(shù)據(jù)來檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)化論的假設(shè))”和“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.(但是，關(guān)于令人興奮的新化石的頭條新聞大大低估了古生物學(xué)的真正重要性。它的真正意義在于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大歷史)”可知，作者在前兩段提出了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)——古生物學(xué)的意義不僅是化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，它的真正意義在于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大歷史。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。由第三段“Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.(古生物學(xué)家為我們提供了一個(gè)了解現(xiàn)代氣候變化的獨(dú)特vantage。他們在解釋古代環(huán)境、重建古代海洋、大陸和氣候方面發(fā)揮著重要作用?；瘜︻A(yù)測未來氣候變化至關(guān)重要的氣候模型提供了關(guān)鍵的限制?；涗洖樯鼘⑷绾螒?yīng)對預(yù)測的未來氣候條件提供了重要的見解，因?yàn)檫@些情況在地球歷史上以前就發(fā)生過)”可知，古生物學(xué)家通過對化石進(jìn)行研究，獲得了重要的見解，使他們在解釋古代環(huán)境、重建古代海洋、大陸和氣候方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，所以他們能為人類了解現(xiàn)代氣候變化提供獨(dú)特全面的視角，劃線詞意為“Acomprehensiveview(全面的視角)”。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。由第四段中“Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科學(xué)界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.(尋找過去大規(guī)模滅絕的原因開始了跨科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的開創(chuàng)性研究，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注未來對人類的潛在威脅)”和最后一段中“Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.(古生物學(xué)家知道，了解生命的過去對于預(yù)測和適應(yīng)生命和人類的未來至關(guān)重要)”可知，通過化石上表征的過去，古生物學(xué)家能得出過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，預(yù)測危險(xiǎn)，為未來如何避免犯過去同樣的錯(cuò)誤提供明燈。由此推知，作者同意“過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)有助于預(yù)測未來的威脅”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。由第二段中“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.(但是，關(guān)于令人興奮的新化石的頭條新聞大大低估了古生物學(xué)的真正重要性。它的真正意義在于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大歷史)”和其它段落可知，文章講述了古生物學(xué)遠(yuǎn)不止是新的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過化石上表征的過去，古生物學(xué)家抽絲剝繭得出過去經(jīng)驗(yàn)，預(yù)測危險(xiǎn)，為未來如何避免犯過去同樣的錯(cuò)誤提供明燈，強(qiáng)調(diào)了古生物學(xué)研究的真正意義何在，D項(xiàng)“古生物學(xué)遠(yuǎn)不止是新的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合文意，可以作為小標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Activelisteningisacommunicationskillthatinvolvesgoingbeyondsimplyhearingthewordsthatanotherpersonspeaksbutalsoseekingtounderstandthemeaningandintentionbehindthem.Theword“active”impliesthatyouaretakingsometypeofactionwhenlisteningtoothers.____16____BefullypresentActivelisteningrequiresbeingfullypresentintheconversation.Itenablesyoutoconcentrateonwhatisbeingsaid.Beingpresentinvolveslisteningwithallyoursensesandgivingyourfullattentiontothespeaker.Tousethisactivelisteningtechniqueeffectively,putawayyourcellphone,ignoredistractions,andshutdownyourinternaldialogue.____17____Andleteverythingelseslipaway.Payattentiontonon-verbalcues(非言語暗示)Asmuchas65%ofaperson’scommunicationisunspoken,____18____.Thisinvolvesnotfoldingyourarms,smilingwhilelistening,leaningin,andnoddingatkeypoints.Itcanalsobehelpfultopayattentiontoyourfacialexpressionswhenactivelisteningsothatyoudon’tconveyanytypeofnegativeresponse.KeepgoodeyecontactWhenengagedinactivelistening,makingeyecontactisespeciallyimportant.Thistellstheotherpersonthatyouarepresentandlisteningtowhatheorshesays.____19____Atthesametime,youdon’twanttousesomucheyecontactthattheconversationfeelsstrange.Tokeepthisfromhappening,followthe50/70rule.Thisinvolvesmaintainingeyecontactfor50%to70%ofthetimespentlistening,holdingthecontactforfourtofivesecondsbeforebrieflylookingaway.BepatientPatienceisanimportantactivelisteningtechniquebecauseitallowstheotherpersontospeakwithoutinterruption.Beingpatientinvolvesnottryingtofillperiodsofsilencewithyourownthoughtsorstories.Thisalsorequireslisteningtounderstand,nottorespond.____20____Also,don’tchangethesubjecttooabruptlyasthisconveysboredomandimpatience.A.Don’tprepareareplywhilelistening.B.Italsoshowsthatyouaren’tdistracted.C.Thisisn’thelpfulduringactivelistening.D.Souseopen,non-threateningbodylanguage.E.Don’tfocustoomuchoninsignificantdetails.F.Placeyourfocusonyourconversationpartner.G.Thisinvolvesusingcertainstrategiesortechniques.〖答案〗16.G17.F18.D19.B20.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是積極傾聽，以及做到積極傾聽的方法?！?6題詳析】上文“Theword“active”impliesthatyouaretakingsometypeofactionwhenlisteningtoothers.(“積極”這個(gè)詞意味著你在傾聽別人的時(shí)候正在采取某種行動)”提到了積極傾聽，選項(xiàng)G中this是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，所以G選項(xiàng)“這涉及到使用某些策略或技巧?！蹦艹薪由衔?，且能總領(lǐng)下文小標(biāo)題中提到的技巧。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】上文“Tousethisactivelisteningtechniqueeffectively,putawayyourcellphone,ignoredistractions,andshutdownyourinternaldialogue.(為了有效地使用這種積極傾聽技巧，把你的手機(jī)收起來，忽略干擾，關(guān)閉你內(nèi)心的對話)”提到了如何避免分散注意力，選項(xiàng)F中focus是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，所以F選項(xiàng)“把你的注意力放在你的談話對象身上?！狈险Z境。故選