第3節(jié) 第2課時(shí) 嚴(yán)重的水土流失 水土保持2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)上下冊(cè)地理高效課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)(人教版)

第3節(jié)第2課時(shí)嚴(yán)重的水土流失水土保持2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)上下冊(cè)地理高效課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)(人教版)授課內(nèi)容授課時(shí)數(shù)授課班級(jí)授課人數(shù)授課地點(diǎn)授課時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)思路本節(jié)課圍繞“嚴(yán)重的水土流失水土保持”這一主題，結(jié)合人教版八年級(jí)地理教材內(nèi)容，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生實(shí)踐能力、環(huán)保意識(shí)為核心。設(shè)計(jì)思路遵循“問題導(dǎo)入—案例分析—互動(dòng)探討—總結(jié)提升”的結(jié)構(gòu)，通過實(shí)際案例引入水土流失問題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析原因，探討水土保持的方法和措施，最后總結(jié)提升學(xué)生對(duì)水土保持重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)。課程內(nèi)容緊密聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際，注重激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣，提高課堂參與度，實(shí)現(xiàn)高效教學(xué)。核心素養(yǎng)目標(biāo)1.地理實(shí)踐力：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用地理知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題的能力，通過分析水土流失案例，提出合理的水土保持措施。

2.地理思維：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生地理空間思維和邏輯思維，學(xué)會(huì)從多角度分析水土流失的原因和影響。

3.人地協(xié)調(diào)觀：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生樹立正確的資源環(huán)境觀念，認(rèn)識(shí)到水土保持對(duì)人類生存和發(fā)展的重要性，增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí)。學(xué)習(xí)者分析1.學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了哪些相關(guān)知識(shí)：

學(xué)生在七年級(jí)的地理學(xué)習(xí)中，已經(jīng)接觸了地形、氣候、水循環(huán)等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，對(duì)土壤的概念和形成有了初步了解，這為學(xué)習(xí)水土流失和水土保持奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

2.學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣、能力和學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格：

學(xué)生對(duì)自然環(huán)境的變化具有較高的興趣，喜歡通過實(shí)例來理解抽象的概念。他們具備一定的觀察力和分析能力，喜歡通過小組討論和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)來學(xué)習(xí)。部分學(xué)生可能偏好視覺學(xué)習(xí)，而另一部分可能偏好動(dòng)手操作。

3.學(xué)生可能遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn)：

學(xué)生可能在理解水土流失的復(fù)雜成因和評(píng)估水土保持措施的有效性上遇到困難。此外，將理論知識(shí)與實(shí)際案例結(jié)合時(shí)，可能缺乏足夠的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，難以形成深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。在數(shù)據(jù)分析方面，學(xué)生可能對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理和解釋感到挑戰(zhàn)。教學(xué)資源-教材《人教版八年級(jí)地理》

-多媒體教學(xué)設(shè)備（投影儀、電腦）

-地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）軟件

-水土流失案例資料

-水土保持措施圖片

-互動(dòng)討論平臺(tái)

-實(shí)地考察報(bào)告

-學(xué)生作業(yè)本與繪圖工具

-教學(xué)視頻片段

-模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)材料教學(xué)過程1.導(dǎo)入（約5分鐘）

-激發(fā)興趣：通過展示水土流失嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)前后對(duì)比圖片，讓學(xué)生感受水土流失對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，引發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)水土保持的關(guān)注。

-回顧舊知：簡(jiǎn)要回顧七年級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)的土壤形成和水循環(huán)等知識(shí)，為學(xué)習(xí)水土流失和保持打下基礎(chǔ)。

2.新課呈現(xiàn)（約30分鐘）

-講解新知：詳細(xì)講解水土流失的定義、成因及其對(duì)環(huán)境和人類活動(dòng)的影響。介紹水土保持的重要性及其基本措施。

-舉例說明：通過展示不同地區(qū)水土流失的案例，分析其成因和采取的保持措施，幫助學(xué)生理解水土流失和保持的概念。

-互動(dòng)探究：分組討論，每組分析一個(gè)案例，探討水土流失的原因和提出相應(yīng)的保持措施，然后向全班分享。

3.鞏固練習(xí)（約20分鐘）

-學(xué)生活動(dòng)：學(xué)生根據(jù)所學(xué)內(nèi)容，設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)水土保持的微型項(xiàng)目，包括項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)、措施和預(yù)期效果。

-教師指導(dǎo)：在學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，教師巡回指導(dǎo)，提供必要的幫助和建議，確保學(xué)生能夠?qū)⒗碚撝R(shí)應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐中。

4.拓展延伸（約10分鐘）

-學(xué)生展示：每組學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)要介紹自己的水土保持項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)，全班同學(xué)共同評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目的可行性和創(chuàng)新性。

-總結(jié)提升：教師總結(jié)本節(jié)課的主要內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)調(diào)水土保持對(duì)于環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要性，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在生活中實(shí)踐水土保持。

5.作業(yè)布置（約5分鐘）

-布置作業(yè)：要求學(xué)生撰寫一篇關(guān)于水土保持的短文，結(jié)合本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，提出自己在日常生活中可以采取的保持措施。教學(xué)資源拓展1.拓展資源：

-相關(guān)書籍：《水土保持原理與技術(shù)》、《中國(guó)水土保持手冊(cè)》

-視頻資料：中央電視臺(tái)《地理中國(guó)》關(guān)于水土流失與水土保持的紀(jì)錄片

-實(shí)地考察：組織學(xué)生參觀當(dāng)?shù)厮帘３质痉豆こ袒蛑卫韰^(qū)域

-學(xué)術(shù)論文：搜集關(guān)于水土流失治理的最新研究成果

-政策法規(guī)：介紹國(guó)家有關(guān)水土保持的政策法規(guī)，如《中華人民共和國(guó)水土保持法》

-環(huán)保組織：聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保組織，了解其在水土保持方面的實(shí)踐案例

2.拓展建議：

-鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生利用圖書館資源，查閱關(guān)于水土保持的專業(yè)書籍，加深對(duì)課堂所學(xué)知識(shí)的理解。

-建議學(xué)生觀看相關(guān)視頻資料，通過視覺沖擊和專業(yè)知識(shí)相結(jié)合的方式，增強(qiáng)對(duì)水土流失問題的認(rèn)識(shí)。

-組織學(xué)生參與實(shí)地考察，通過實(shí)地觀察和體驗(yàn)，讓學(xué)生更加直觀地了解水土流失的嚴(yán)重性和水土保持的實(shí)際效果。

-引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀學(xué)術(shù)論文，了解水土保持領(lǐng)域的最新研究成果，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)術(shù)興趣和創(chuàng)新思維。

-向?qū)W生介紹國(guó)家水土保持的相關(guān)政策法規(guī)，讓學(xué)生了解政府在水土保持方面的努力和成果，增強(qiáng)其法制觀念。

-建議學(xué)生聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保組織，參與其水土保持活動(dòng)，將理論知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際行動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的社會(huì)責(zé)任感和環(huán)保意識(shí)。作業(yè)布置與反饋!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!作!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!業(yè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!布!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!置!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!作!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!業(yè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!布!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!置!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!作!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!業(yè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!內(nèi)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!容!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!作!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!業(yè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!內(nèi)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!容!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!寫!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!一!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!篇!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!短!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!文!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!結(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!合!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!本!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!節(jié)課!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!習(xí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!內(nèi)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!容!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!分!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!析!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!一!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!個(gè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!保!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!持!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!項(xiàng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!目!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!包!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!括!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!項(xiàng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!目!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!目!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!標(biāo)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!、!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!措!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!預(yù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!期!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!效!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!果!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!作!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!業(yè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!布!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!置!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!觀!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!察!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!周!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!環(huán)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!境!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!記!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!錄!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!下!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!自!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!己!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!觀!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!察!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!到!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!現(xiàn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!象!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!并!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!分!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!析!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!其!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!原!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!因!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!影!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!響!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!作!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!業(yè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!反!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!饋!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!對(duì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!作!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!業(yè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!批!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!改!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!教學(xué)反思與改進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!教!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!反!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!思!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!在!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!本!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!課!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!教!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!過!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!程!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!中!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!我!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!意!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!識(shí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!到!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!對(duì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!流!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!失!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!認(rèn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!識(shí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!還!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!比!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!較!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!淺!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!顯!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!對(duì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!保!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!持!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!方!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!措!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!還!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!比!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!較!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!陌!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!在!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!課!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!堂!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!上!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!我!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!盡!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!通!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!過!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!實(shí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!例!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!圖!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!片!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!來!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!講!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!解!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!但!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!是!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!反!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!饋!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!表!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!明!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!他!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!們!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!還!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!是!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!難!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!以!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!全!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!面!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!解!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!此!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!外!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!在!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!課!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!堂!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!交!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!流!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!中!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!部!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!分!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!參!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!與!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!較!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!低!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!主!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!動(dòng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!不!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!強(qiáng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!這!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!些!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!問!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!題!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!都!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!需!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!要!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!我!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!在!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!以!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!后!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!教!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!中!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!加!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!以!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!改!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!改!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!措!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!針!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!對(duì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!本!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!課!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!反!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!饋!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!我!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!計(jì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!劃!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!從!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!以!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!下!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!幾!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!個(gè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!方!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!面!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!改!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!：!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!豐!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!富!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!教!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!內(nèi)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!容!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!增!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!加!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!與!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!保!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!持!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!相!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!關(guān)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!案!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!例!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!資!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!料!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!使!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!能!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!夠!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!更!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!直!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!觀!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!地!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!解!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!流!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!失!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!危!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!害!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!保!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!持!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!重!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!要!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!改!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!教!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!方!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!增加!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生動(dòng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!手!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!實(shí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!踐!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!環(huán)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!如!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!組!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!織!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!小!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!組!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!討!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!論!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!、!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!實(shí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!地!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!考!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!察!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!等!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!提!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!高!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!參!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!與!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!主!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!動(dòng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!加強(qiáng)對(duì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!個(gè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!別!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!化!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!指!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!導(dǎo)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!針對(duì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!不!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!同!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!習(xí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!情!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!況!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!提!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!供!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!更!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!具!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!體!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!指!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!導(dǎo)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!幫助!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!使!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!每!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!個(gè)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!都!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!能!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!夠!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!得!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!到!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!全!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!面!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!發(fā)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!展!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!通!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!過!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!這!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!些!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!改!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!措!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!我!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!期!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!望!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!能!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!夠!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!使!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!更!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!好!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!地!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!解!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!保!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!持!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!重!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!要!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!并!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!在!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!實(shí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!際!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!生!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!活!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!中!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!運(yùn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!用!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!所!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!學(xué)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!知!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!識(shí)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!，!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!為!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!保!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!護(hù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!環(huán)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!境!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!和!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!促!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!進(jìn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!可!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!持!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!續(xù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!發(fā)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!展!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!做!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!出!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!貢!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!獻(xiàn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!重點(diǎn)題型整理題型一：水土流失的原因分析

1.請(qǐng)分析黃土高原地區(qū)水土流失的主要原因。

答案：黃土高原地區(qū)水土流失的主要原因包括：

a.地形坡度較大，容易發(fā)生侵蝕。

b.土壤結(jié)構(gòu)疏松，抗侵蝕能力弱。

c.氣候干旱，降水集中且多暴雨，加劇侵蝕。

d.人類活動(dòng)，如過度放牧、不合理耕作等，破壞植被。

題型二：水土保持的措施

2.請(qǐng)列舉三種常見的水土保持措施，并簡(jiǎn)述其原理。

答案：

a.植被恢復(fù)：通過植樹造林增加植被覆蓋率，減少地表徑流，固沙保土。

b.修建梯田：將坡地改造成梯田，減緩水流速度，減少土壤侵蝕。

c.建設(shè)水土保持林帶：在河流兩側(cè)和風(fēng)口處種植樹木，防風(fēng)固沙，減少水土流失。

題型三：水土保持與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)系

3.請(qǐng)論述水土保持對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響。

答案：水土保持能夠提高土壤肥力，穩(wěn)定農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，保障糧食安全。通過減少水土流失，可以提高土地利用率，增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

題型四：水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)系

4.請(qǐng)分析水土保持對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)作用。

答案：水土保持能夠改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，提高生物多樣性，維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡。通過保持水土資源，可以減少自然災(zāi)害，如洪水、泥石流等，保障生態(tài)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定。

題型五：水土保持與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系

5.請(qǐng)說明水土保持對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要性。

答案：水土保持能夠促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，提高土地資源利用效率，增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出。通過改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，可以吸引投資，發(fā)展旅游業(yè)，帶動(dòng)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和生態(tài)效益的雙贏。板書設(shè)計(jì)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!①.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!水!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!流!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!失!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!的!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!原!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!因!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!地!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!形!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!坡!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!較!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!大!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!土!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!壤!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!結(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!構(gòu)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!疏!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!松!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!氣!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!候!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!干!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!旱!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!人!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!類!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!活!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!動(dòng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!