被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語得謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish、主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus、主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by動(dòng)變被,看清be,結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+pp主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)種類時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成用法標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)sbdo/does1、表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生得動(dòng)作和存在得狀態(tài)2、客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理always,often,never,sometimes,usually,seldom,everyday,onceamonth,

1、was/were2、v得過去式表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生得動(dòng)作和存在得狀態(tài)yesterday,lastnight,---ago,justnow,lastyear,in1999,

when,before,after,until,assoonas表示過去得時(shí)間狀語從句。1、助動(dòng)詞shall/will+v原形2、begoingto+v原形表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或打算要做得事。tomorrow,nextyear,intwoweeks,later,soon,beforelong,in2010,fromnowonbe(am,is,are)+ving表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行得動(dòng)作或發(fā)生得動(dòng)詞look,listen,now,thesedays,atpresent,thisweek,at8:00種類時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成用法標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語過去將來時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生與進(jìn)行得動(dòng)作was/were+vingthistimeyesterday,atthattime,at9:00yesterdayhave/has+ved過去發(fā)生得動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成得影響過去得動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能還要延續(xù)had+ved表示過去某時(shí)為止或過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生完成得動(dòng)作

bytheendof+過去時(shí)間,when,before+從句(過去式)

already,yet,just,ever,never,once,for,sincewould+v原形Was/weregoingto+v原形表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或存在得狀態(tài)常用在主句就是過去式賓語從句中Exercise:Water______(freeze)atthetemperature0、Theair_____(keep)movingallthetime、Thetown_____(lie)tothewestofthehill、I_______(believe)you________tellthetruthnow、--____myson__________(work)hardthisterm?--Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow、6、______thehat_______(fit)mewell?7、–Whathashappenedtothefish,Mary?--Mum,thecat______(eat)thefish、Justnowthecat_____(jump)ontothetableand_____(eat)itup、8、Sam____(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar、9、ItisagessinceIlast____(see)you、You___(grow)taller、10、Hewon’ttelluswherehe______(get)thebook、freezeskeepsliesbelievearetellingIsworkingistryingDoesfithaseatenjumpedatelivedsawhavegrowngot常見得幾種被動(dòng)語態(tài)有:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):do/does(2)一般過去時(shí)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):was/were+done一般過去時(shí):did(3)一般將來時(shí)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):will/shall+bedone一般將來時(shí):will/shall+do(4)過去將來時(shí)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):would/should+bedone過去將來時(shí):would/should+dobe+done(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are+beingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):is/am/are+doing(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):was/were+beingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were+doing(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):have/has+beendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has+done(8)過去完成時(shí)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):had+beendone過去完成時(shí):had+donebe+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí):was/weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasbeendone過去完成時(shí):hadbeendone一般將來時(shí):shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone過去將來時(shí)wouldbedone;was/weregoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can/mustbedone各種時(shí)態(tài)得被動(dòng)語態(tài):時(shí)態(tài)意義標(biāo)志詞語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thepresenttense經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性得動(dòng)作,存在得狀態(tài),或客觀事實(shí)、everyday,usually,always,sometimes,often,onceaweek主語+V原(當(dāng)主語就是第三人稱時(shí),V+s或es)主語+am/is/are+V過分現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Thepresentcontinuoustense現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生得動(dòng)作now,look,listen,atthismoment,rightnow,atpresent主語+am/is/are+doing主語+am/is/are+being+V過分過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Thepastcontinuoustense表示在過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間短中正在發(fā)生得動(dòng)作atthattime,then,atthatmoment主語+was/were+doing主語+was/were+being+V過分一般將來時(shí)Thefuturetense表示將來某時(shí)發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或情況tomorrow,soon,nextmonth/week,inaweek主語+will/shall+V原主語+will/shall+be+V過分過去將來時(shí)Thepastfuturetense表示從過去得某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或存在得狀態(tài)twodayslater,thenextweek,thefollowingweek主語+would/should+V原主語+would/should+be+V過分一般過去時(shí)Thepasttense過去某時(shí)發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或情況yesterday,ago,lastyear/week主語+V過(V+ed,還有一些不規(guī)則變化得動(dòng)詞

主語+was/were+V過分現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Thepresentperfecttense表示在過去已發(fā)生或已完成,但與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系得動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)already,just,yet,ever,recently,forthreedays,since1998,inthepast20years主語+have/has+V過分主語+have/has+been+V過分過去完成時(shí)Thepastperfecttense表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成得動(dòng)作(過去得過去)bytheendoflastyear/term主語+had+V過分主語+had+been+V過分Thebridge

(build)lastyear、TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears、Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow、Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth、Theclassroom

(notclean)yet、

6、Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday、7、Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks、8、MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning、9、BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn)、10、Hesaidtheproject

(finish)by2010、wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

大家學(xué)習(xí)辛苦了，還是要堅(jiān)持繼續(xù)保持安靜Thebridge

(build)lastyear、TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears、Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow、

Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth、Theclassroom

(notclean)yet、

6、Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday、7、Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks、8、MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning、9、BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn)、10、Hesaidtheproject

(finish)by2010、wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

1、不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

如:belong,happen,takeplace,last,etrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity、

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike、

不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)得幾種情況:表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”得不及物動(dòng)詞\短語,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,eout,eabout,etrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)例:1、Howlongdiditlast?2、GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghaiinthelastfewyears、3、Iwishmydreamwouldetrue、不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)得幾種情況:2、表示靜態(tài)得及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/fitIhaveaTVset、Thecoatfitsmewell、不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)得幾種情況:3、系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thefishtastesgood、Thescarffeelssoft、break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)她們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí),常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常就是物。4、某些動(dòng)詞形式就是主動(dòng),但含有被動(dòng)得意思。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。Thebooksellswell、Thiskindofclothwashesverywell、這書賣完了。Thebookissoldout、5、Itissaidthat+從句及其她類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”得動(dòng)詞如

believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可用于句型

“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”

或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth、”Itissaidthat…據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為,Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議。例:Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedtheexam、Theboyissaidtohavepassedtheexam、語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing/

動(dòng)詞不定式得被動(dòng)語態(tài)

思考:動(dòng)詞在句子中一般做什么成分？謂語非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式to+動(dòng)詞原形

判斷下列句子中得動(dòng)詞就是謂語還就是非謂語1、Helikes

toplaybasketball、2、Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon、

3、Hepretended

tobereadingwhenIcamein、4、TomsaidthathewasveryhappytohearthenewswhichwastoldbyMary、非非非謂謂謂謂非謂謂謂1、Hepretended(假裝)tobereading、2、ItisimportantforustostudyEnglishwell、3、Toseeistobelieve、4、Hespokeloudlytobeheard、5、Thestudentsweremadetodotheirhomeworkafterclass、6、Ihavenochancetogoabroad、

下列句子中畫線部分都就是什么？在句中做什么成分？(主、賓、賓補(bǔ)、定、表、狀)賓主主表狀賓補(bǔ)定

語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)

一般式

完成式

進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式不定式得時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)(not)(not)1、Ihavesomedishes(餐具)____________(wash)inthekitchen、Sentencemakingwashtobewashed

Practicemakesperfect!【考點(diǎn)】tobedone2、Thehouseis__________(sell)、tobesoldsell24receive4、Iexpectthemail________________(receive)quickly、tobe3、Thesingerrefused____________________(photograph)、photographedphotographreceivedtobe5、Hehadtoshout____________(hear)、5heartobeheard6、Itisunlucky___________(see)bysuchabiganimal、tobeseensee6

在下列情況中用不定式得主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。

1)不定式作后置定語,與被修飾得名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上得動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但又與該句主語(或另一名

詞/代詞)構(gòu)成邏輯上得主謂關(guān)系時(shí),Hehasnothingtoeat、

分析:eat動(dòng)→nothing賓/he主→eat謂

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread、

分析:_____動(dòng)→________賓/_____主→_____謂這個(gè)優(yōu)雅得女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare、★比較:Ihavealotofletterstotype、(我有很多信件要打印:Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped、(意思為:Igetsb、totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork、Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),

sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意:若句子得主語并非不定式得邏輯主語時(shí),不定式則必須用被動(dòng)式。

在下列情況中用不定式得主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。

2)在“主語+表語(形容詞)todo”中,主語也就是

不定式得邏輯賓語,即不定式動(dòng)詞和主語之間就是

動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

Thisquestioniseasytoanswer、

(分析:answer(動(dòng))------thisquestion(賓))

★注意:

如果動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,則要注意介詞得搭配。

Johnisdifficulttodealwith、

(分析:_________(動(dòng))----________(賓))如:這扶手椅坐起來很舒服。這題目很難算出來。dealwithJohnThearmchairisfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout注意:

非謂語動(dòng)詞得主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式得主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義

。

在need,want,require等詞得后面,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式得被動(dòng)形式。例:Thehouseneedsrepairing、 toberepaired、1、Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds_________(improve)、2、Allofusehere________(learn)knowledge、3、MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4、Thisproblemissaidto________(discuss)twice、5、Shepretended____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein、1、__________(sleep)lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm2、Heisthought______(kill)inanaircrash、3、Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only___________(tell)thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff、4、Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture用所給詞得正確形式填空1、Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds__________________________(improve)、2、Allofusehere__________(learn)knowledge、3、MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4、Thisproblemissaidto_________________(discuss)twice、5、Shepretended____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein、tobeimproved/improvingtobereadinghavebeendiscussednottodrivetolearn不定式與高考題1、__________(sleep)lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm、(2001年北京春季高考)2、Heisthought________________(kill)inanaircrash(空難)、(2008上海秋季)3、Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only___________(tell)thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff、(2011年高考江浙卷)4、Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture、(2009年安徽卷)tobetoldtobeproducedTosleeptohavebeenkilled1、Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourputer

to____________(repair)、2、Iknewhim___________________(catch)by

thepolice、3、Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourpanyatonce、4、Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes、5、Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine)、6、Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it、berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentomaketohavestolentobefined練習(xí)7、Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity、8、Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages、9、Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(wele)intotheirsociety、10、eon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate)、11、WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________、(read)12、Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas、13、MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking、totranslatetobeweledhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingtobereceivednottodrive14、Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak)、15、Ithappened__(rain)whenIgotthere、16、Iamterriblysorry___________(lose)yourkey、17、Iamsorry__________(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse、18、Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded、19、Whathehopedwas______________(admit)intotheuniversity20、Hegottothestationonly________(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout、21、Iamsorry________________(keep)youwaitingsolong、tospeaktoberainingtohavelosttosaytobesenttobeadmittedtofindtohavekept22、Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_________(explain)whathehadlearnt、23、Myadvisorencouragedme_________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills、24、Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____________