專題23古詩(shī)詞閱讀與鑒賞（八下復(fù)習(xí)檢測(cè)）（學(xué)生版）

部編版八年級(jí)下課內(nèi)外古詩(shī)詞閱讀與鑒賞大練習(xí)一、關(guān)雎關(guān)雎關(guān)關(guān)雎鳩，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。參差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)。參差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。參差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，鐘鼓樂(lè)之。1．對(duì)《關(guān)雎》的理解分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是（

）A．這首詩(shī)采用重章疊句的形式，達(dá)到回環(huán)往復(fù)的表達(dá)效果。B．“悠哉悠哉”形容男子的思念之情綿綿不盡。C．“寤寐思服”“輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)”寫(xiě)出男子追求女子而不得時(shí)苦悶、焦躁之情。D．“琴瑟友之”“鐘鼓樂(lè)之”寫(xiě)出男子與心上人結(jié)婚時(shí)鼓樂(lè)齊鳴的場(chǎng)景。2．“關(guān)關(guān)雎鳩，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑”這四句運(yùn)用了什么表現(xiàn)手法？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．這首詩(shī)表現(xiàn)了我國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)人民怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．詩(shī)中有許多句式相同相似的重章疊句，這種表達(dá)方式有什么作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．詩(shī)歌中男子的情感經(jīng)歷了哪些變化？結(jié)合具體詩(shī)句分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．請(qǐng)你分析詩(shī)中畫(huà)線句子是怎樣使用“比、興”手法的？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．孔子說(shuō)：“《關(guān)雎》樂(lè)而不淫，哀而不傷”，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容理解“哀而不傷”。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．從煉字的角度賞析“左右流之”“左右采之”“左右芼之”中“流”“采”“芼”運(yùn)用的妙處。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．詩(shī)中的淑女為什么會(huì)讓君子“寤寐思服”？用自己的話概括。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、蒹葭閱讀下面詩(shī)歌，完成下面小題。蒹葭蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜。所謂伊人，在水一方。溯洄從之，道阻且長(zhǎng)。溯游從之，宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所謂伊人，在水之湄。溯洄從之，道阻且躋。溯游從之，宛在水中坻。蒹葭采采，白露未已。所謂伊人，在水之涘。溯洄從之，道阻且右。溯游從之，宛在水中沚。1．每小節(jié)結(jié)尾句中的“宛”是什么意思？在詩(shī)中反復(fù)使用，有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．重章疊句的節(jié)奏韻律是《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格之一，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合本詩(shī)談?wù)勂湓诒砬檫_(dá)意上的作用。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．“道阻且長(zhǎng)”、“道阻且躋”、“道阻且右”中的“長(zhǎng)”“躋”“右”分別突出了道路怎樣的特點(diǎn)?在詩(shī)中反復(fù)吟詠有什么作用?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．詩(shī)中“蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜”，運(yùn)用了《詩(shī)經(jīng)》中常見(jiàn)的什么手法？有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．用自己的話描述“蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜”所展現(xiàn)的畫(huà)面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．《蒹葭》抒發(fā)了詩(shī)人怎樣的感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.這首詩(shī)歌中運(yùn)用了景物描寫(xiě)，這些景物描寫(xiě)向我們展示了一幅怎樣的畫(huà)面？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．《蒹葭》的中心意象是什么？這一意象有什么象征意義？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、式微《式微》式微，式微，胡不歸？微君之故，胡為乎中露！式微，式微，胡不歸？微君之躬，胡為乎泥中！1.任選角度賞析《式微》一首詩(shī)。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這首詩(shī)歌表達(dá)了怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.《詩(shī)經(jīng)》多采用重章疊句的形式，反復(fù)吟唱，產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)感染力。請(qǐng)結(jié)合《式微》這首詩(shī)做具體分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．題目“式微”是什么意思？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．請(qǐng)描繪詩(shī)中所寫(xiě)勞動(dòng)的場(chǎng)面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．這首詩(shī)表達(dá)了怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．“微君之故，胡為乎中露？”請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析本句的表達(dá)效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.這首詩(shī)運(yùn)用何種修辭手法，有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、子衿子衿《詩(shī)經(jīng)?鄭風(fēng)》青青子衿，悠悠我心?？v我不往，子寧不嗣音？青青子佩，悠悠我思。縱我不往，子寧不來(lái)？挑兮達(dá)兮，在城闕兮。一日不見(jiàn)，如三月兮。1.下列對(duì)這首詩(shī)的理解和分析，不正確的一項(xiàng)是（

）A．“青青子衿”，“青青子佩”，是以戀人的衣飾借代戀人。B．兩句“縱我不往”，以假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣、讓步的姿態(tài)，做出強(qiáng)烈的設(shè)問(wèn)。C．“一日不見(jiàn)，如三月兮”的獨(dú)白，表現(xiàn)女子的相思之苦。D．這是一首古老的戀歌，跌宕起伏，纏綿悱惻，婉轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)人。2.這首詩(shī)表現(xiàn)了女子怎樣的心理變化過(guò)程？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．詩(shī)歌的最后一句“一日不見(jiàn)，如三月兮”運(yùn)用了怎樣的修辭手法？有怎樣的表達(dá)效果？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.這是一首古老的戀歌，跌宕起伏，婉轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)人。請(qǐng)你簡(jiǎn)析這首詩(shī)歌是如何借助寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)表情達(dá)意的。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、送杜少府之任蜀州送杜少府之任蜀州王勃城闕輔三秦，風(fēng)煙望五津。與君離別意，同是宦游人。海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰。無(wú)為在歧路，兒女共沾巾。1．首聯(lián)中“輔”字用得好，“輔”是________的意思，生動(dòng)形象地寫(xiě)出了___________的景象，氣勢(shì)宏偉，使全詩(shī)開(kāi)篇意境開(kāi)闊。2．這首詩(shī)抒發(fā)了詩(shī)人怎樣的思想感情？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．請(qǐng)對(duì)“海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰”兩句做簡(jiǎn)要賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.請(qǐng)說(shuō)說(shuō)這首詩(shī)的頸聯(lián)好在哪里。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．請(qǐng)從煉字的角度，賞析首聯(lián)中“望”字。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．“海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰”是千古傳誦的名句，說(shuō)說(shuō)這兩句詩(shī)好在哪里。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、望洞庭湖贈(zèng)張丞相望洞庭湖贈(zèng)張丞相八月湖水平，涵虛混太清。氣蒸云夢(mèng)澤，波撼岳陽(yáng)城。欲濟(jì)無(wú)舟楫，端居恥圣明。坐觀垂釣者，徒有羨魚(yú)情。1．這首詩(shī)抒發(fā)了作者怎樣的感情？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．本詩(shī)尾聯(lián)運(yùn)用了什么表現(xiàn)手法，表達(dá)了作者怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．從煉字的角度賞析頷聯(lián)，并分析詩(shī)人在寫(xiě)景中融入的情感。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．本詩(shī)尾聯(lián)是如何抒情的？表達(dá)了怎樣的情感？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．發(fā)揮想象，請(qǐng)描繪“氣蒸云夢(mèng)澤”的優(yōu)美意境。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、石壕吏暮投石壕村，有吏夜捉人。老翁逾墻走，老婦出門看。吏呼一何怒！婦啼一何苦！聽(tīng)婦前致詞：三男鄴城戍。一男附書(shū)至，二男新戰(zhàn)死。存者且偷生，死者長(zhǎng)已矣！室中更無(wú)人，惟有乳下孫。有孫母未去，出入無(wú)完裙。老嫗力雖衰，請(qǐng)從吏夜歸。急應(yīng)河陽(yáng)役，猶得備晨炊。夜久語(yǔ)聲絕，如聞泣幽咽。天明登前途，獨(dú)與老翁別。1．用一句話概括文章的主要內(nèi)容。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．詩(shī)題是“石壕吏”，但對(duì)起決定作用的小吏卻是略寫(xiě)，詳寫(xiě)的是老婦人，這是為什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．全詩(shī)通過(guò)詩(shī)人的見(jiàn)聞，表達(dá)了詩(shī)人怎樣的情感？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．本詩(shī)中詩(shī)人僅是一個(gè)近距離的“旁觀者”，只是“客觀”地?cái)⑹?，并無(wú)情感、態(tài)度的直接表露。請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述這種寫(xiě)法的表達(dá)效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．有人說(shuō)“吏呼一何怒！婦啼一何苦”兩句中“怒”“苦”兩字用得好。為什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．聯(lián)系全詩(shī)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)談?wù)勀銓?duì)“獨(dú)與老翁別”這句詩(shī)的理解。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．“有吏夜捉人”中的“捉人”換成“征兵”好不好？為什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．試分析“夜久語(yǔ)聲絕，如聞泣幽咽”兩句表現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人怎樣的思想感情。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．很多讀者認(rèn)為本詩(shī)構(gòu)思巧妙，請(qǐng)結(jié)合詩(shī)句，說(shuō)說(shuō)你的理解。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________八、茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌閱讀下面一首詩(shī)，完成后面小題茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌杜甫八月秋高風(fēng)怒號(hào)，卷我屋上三重茅。茅飛渡江灑江郊，高者掛罥長(zhǎng)林梢，下者飄轉(zhuǎn)沉塘坳。南村群童欺我老無(wú)力，忍能對(duì)面為盜賊。公然抱茅入竹去，唇焦口燥呼不得，歸來(lái)倚杖自嘆息。俄頃風(fēng)定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑。布衾多年冷似鐵，嬌兒惡臥踏里裂。床頭屋漏無(wú)干處，雨腳如麻未斷絕。自經(jīng)喪亂少睡眠，長(zhǎng)夜沾濕何由徹！安得廣廈千萬(wàn)間，大庇天下寒士俱歡顏！風(fēng)雨不動(dòng)安如山。嗚呼！何時(shí)眼前突兀見(jiàn)此屋，吾廬獨(dú)破受凍死亦足！1．賞析“床頭屋漏無(wú)干處，雨腳如麻未斷絕”兩句的妙處。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這首詩(shī)表達(dá)了詩(shī)人什么樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．杜甫一向關(guān)心人民疾苦，他的詩(shī)素有“詩(shī)史”之稱，但為什么這首詩(shī)中他卻一反常態(tài)，只寫(xiě)自己的個(gè)人遭遇？請(qǐng)談?wù)勀愕睦斫狻_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．請(qǐng)描繪“俄頃風(fēng)定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑”所展現(xiàn)的畫(huà)面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．你感受到一個(gè)怎樣的詩(shī)人形象，請(qǐng)用詩(shī)中原句加以描述分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．從修辭角度賞析“布衾多年冷似鐵，嬌兒惡臥踏里裂”。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________九、賣炭翁賣炭翁賣炭翁，伐薪燒炭南山中。滿面塵灰煙火色，兩鬢蒼蒼十指黑。賣炭得錢何所營(yíng)？身上衣裳口中食?？蓱z身上衣正單，心憂炭賤愿天寒。夜來(lái)城外一尺雪，曉駕炭車輾冰轍。牛困人饑日已高，市南門外泥中歇。翩翩兩騎來(lái)是誰(shuí)？黃衣使者白衫兒。手把文書(shū)口稱敕，回車叱牛牽向北。一車炭，千余斤，宮使驅(qū)將惜不得。半匹紅紗一丈綾，系向牛頭充炭直。1．賣炭翁不愿意將炭賣給宮使，“惜不得”反映了怎樣的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．疊詞的運(yùn)用可以使人物形象更加鮮明突出。請(qǐng)你說(shuō)說(shuō)本詩(shī)中的兩處疊詞是如何刻畫(huà)人物、表達(dá)詩(shī)人情感的。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.請(qǐng)描述“滿面塵灰煙火色，兩鬢蒼蒼十指黑”所表現(xiàn)的畫(huà)面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.本詩(shī)講述了一個(gè)什么故事？表達(dá)了詩(shī)人怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．請(qǐng)說(shuō)說(shuō)詩(shī)中“把”“稱”“叱”“牽”這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的作用。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．請(qǐng)賞析詩(shī)歌中“翩翩”一詞的表達(dá)效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．圍繞炭，詩(shī)歌故事可以分為哪幾個(gè)層次?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．《賣炭翁》中運(yùn)用了多處對(duì)比，請(qǐng)找出一例并簡(jiǎn)要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.“可憐身上衣正單，心憂炭賤愿天寒”是膾炙人口的名句,請(qǐng)你任選角度進(jìn)行賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．詩(shī)人在敘述賣炭翁的故事時(shí)，自始至終貫穿一個(gè)“苦”字，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合故事情節(jié)，說(shuō)說(shuō)賣炭翁的“苦”包含哪幾方面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十、題破山寺后禪院題破山寺后禪院唐?常建清晨入古寺，初日照高林。曲徑通幽處，禪房花木深。山光悅鳥(niǎo)性，潭影空人心。萬(wàn)籟此都寂，但余鐘磬音。1．這首山水詩(shī)描寫(xiě)了怎樣的景象，抒發(fā)了作者怎樣的情懷？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．詩(shī)的尾聯(lián)動(dòng)靜關(guān)系處理得很巧妙，請(qǐng)結(jié)合詩(shī)句加以分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．“山光悅鳥(niǎo)性，潭影空人心”兩句妙在何處？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．請(qǐng)任選一角度對(duì)頸聯(lián)進(jìn)行賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.尾聯(lián)“萬(wàn)籟此都寂，但余鐘磬音”表現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人怎樣的情感？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十一、送友人送友人青山橫北郭，白水繞東城。此地一為別，孤蓬萬(wàn)里征。浮云游子意，落日故人情。揮手自茲去，蕭蕭班馬鳴。1．“青山橫北郭，白水繞東城”句中“橫”和“繞”好在哪里？請(qǐng)作簡(jiǎn)要賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這首詩(shī)寄寓了怎樣的“故人情”？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．請(qǐng)賞析“揮手自茲去，蕭蕭班馬鳴?！钡谋磉_(dá)效果？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．作為送別詩(shī)的名篇，本詩(shī)是怎樣抒發(fā)依依惜別之情的？請(qǐng)具體分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．頸聯(lián)用怎樣的藝術(shù)手法表達(dá)出作者什么樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．“浮云游子意，落日故人情”一句中，“浮云”“落日”的選擇很精妙，說(shuō)說(shuō)妙在何處？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十二、卜算子·黃州定慧院寓居作卜算子·黃州定慧院寓居作蘇軾缺月掛疏桐，漏斷人初靜。誰(shuí)見(jiàn)幽人獨(dú)往來(lái)，縹緲孤鴻影。驚起卻回頭，有恨無(wú)人省。揀盡寒枝不肯棲，寂寞沙洲冷。1．詞的開(kāi)頭兩句通過(guò)“缺月、疏桐、_____________”三個(gè)意象描繪出了高居地的環(huán)境，營(yíng)造出____________的氛圍。2．這首詞表達(dá)了作者怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．詞的上片描寫(xiě)了哪些意象？這些意象有什么作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．這首詞采用了托物寫(xiě)懷的表現(xiàn)手法，簡(jiǎn)要分析詞人托何物抒寫(xiě)了怎樣的心境。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.這首小詞作于蘇軾初到黃州時(shí)，描寫(xiě)了作者深夜獨(dú)自漫步時(shí)的所見(jiàn)所聞，上闋通過(guò)____、_________和“漏斷”，渲染出一種__________的氛圍。6.詞的