湖南省懷化市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題 含解析

懷化市2023年下期期考試題高一英語考試時長：120分鐘滿分：150分1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自已的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號寫在答題卡和該試題卷的封面上，并認(rèn)真核對條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號和科目。2.考生作答時，選擇題和非選擇題均須做在答題卡上，在本試題卷上答題無效?？忌诖痤}卡上按答題卡中注意事項的要求答題。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。4.本試題卷共8頁，如缺頁，考生須聲明，否則后果自負(fù)。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀—遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡9.5.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Toariver.B.Toapark.C.Toabridge.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Atravelexperience.B.Acapitalcity.C.Atripplan.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Classmates.C.Teacherandstudent.4.WhydidCathygotoParis?A.Totravelwithherparents.B.Toimproveherpaintingskills.C.Tovisitherfriends.5.WhatdoesthemanthinkofMrSmith’stalk?A.Encouraging.B.Interesting.C.Unbelievable.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomanpay?A.ByWeChatPay.B.ByAlipay.C.Incash.7.Howmuchdoesthewomantipthewaiter?A.$20.B.$30.C.$50.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheflowers?A.Special.B.Expensive.C.Important.9.Wherewillthegraduationceremonytakeplace?A.Inthegym.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthetheatre.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Howlongistheman’svacation?A.10days.B.20days.C.30days.11.Whoisgoingtoreadbooksduringthevacation?A.Theman.B.Theman’swife.C.Theman’schildren.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman’schildren?A.Theywanttomakenewfriends.B.Theyareeagertotakethevacation.C.Theywillbringacalendaronthetrip.13.Whatwillthewomandothissummer?A.SailtoEuropetovisitsomerelatives.B.DrivetoHawaiitogoswimming.C.FlytoEgypttoseesomefriends.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wherewillthewomanwork?A.Inatransportbusiness.B.Inashoppingcentre.C.Inahospital.15.Howwillthewomangotowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.16Whatistheman’sopiniononparkinginBroadgreen?A.Itiscostly.B.Itiseasy.C.Itishard.17.WhatisthedisadvantageofBroadgreen?A.Itisfarfromtheshoppingplaces.B.Thereisalotofnoisenearby.C.Therentsinthatareaarehigh.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhydoTim’sclassmateslikemakingfriendswithhim?A.Heisgood-looking.B.Heissporty.C.Heishelpful.19.WhatdoesTimlikedoing?A.Sharingnoteswithhisclassmates.B.WatchingmoviesinEnglish.C.ReadingEnglishstories.20.WhatdoesTimwanttodointhefuture?A.Workasateacher.B.Starthisowncompany.C.Becomeabasketballplayer.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIfyouhaveeverlosttouchwitholdschoolfriends,youmayfindyourselfwantingtomakecontactagain.Someteensfindthatcertainschoolfriendsareworthkeepingcontactwithandwanttokeepthefriendshipgoingstrong.HangoutatthesameplacesOnewayyoucangettogetherwitholdfriendsfromyourschoolistogotothesameplacesthattheygoto.Ifyoustillgotoschooltogether,youprobablyknowwhereeveryonegoesontheweekends.Ifyouareabletogotheretoo,youmayfindthatyourrelationshipswithyouroldschoolfriendsstartupagain.JoinsportsteamsIfyouareathleticandyourformerfriendsaretoo,joiningschoolsportsteamsisagreatwaytocatchupwitholdfriends.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyoushouldjoinasportwhichyoudonotlikejustsoyoucanseeyouroldfriends.However,ifyoulikesports,wishtojoinateamandyourformerfriendsareonthatteam,thenplayingtheteamsportsisagreatwaytogettoknowthemagain.TakepartinschoolclubsThereareoftenalotofschoolclubsinwhichteensparticipate.Dependingonyourinterestsandyourformerfriends’interests,youmayjustfindaclubatschool.Sharingacommoninterestsuchasaclubactivitywillhelpyoutohavesomethingincommonandsomethingtotalkabout.1.Whatcanyoudotogettogetherwitholdschoolfriends?A.You’dbetterjointheschooldanceclubs. B.Youshouldhavedinnerwiththem.C.Youmaygototheplaceswheretheygo. D.Youcanoftengoshoppingwiththem.2.Whichactivityisbestforasportslovertocontactoldfriend?A.Hangingoutatthesameplaces. B.Joiningschoolsportsteams.C.Takingpartinschoolclubs. D.Participatinginschoolcompetitions.3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?A.Totelldifferenthobbiesthatstudentshave. B.Tosharevariousinterestingthingsinschool.C.Tojoinclubswiththesameinterests. D.Togiveadviceoncontactingoldfriends.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些和老朋友保持聯(lián)系的方法?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onewayyoucangettogetherwitholdfriendsfromyourschoolistogotothesameplacesthattheygoto.Ifyoustillgotoschooltogether,youprobablyknowwhereeveryonegoesontheweekends.Ifyouareabletogotheretoo,youmayfindthatyourrelationshipswithyouroldschoolfriendsstartupagain.(有一種方法可以讓你和學(xué)校的老朋友聚在一起，那就是去他們常去的地方。如果你們還在一起上學(xué)，你可能知道每個人周末都去哪里。如果你也能去那里，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)你和老同學(xué)的關(guān)系又開始了)”可知，你可以去老同學(xué)常去的地方來和老同學(xué)聚會。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifyouareathleticandyourformerfriendsaretoo,joiningschoolsportsteamsisagreatwaytocatchupwitholdfriends.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyoushouldjoinasportwhichyoudonotlikejustsoyoucanseeyouroldfriends.However,ifyoulikesports,wishtojoinateamandyourformerfriendsareonthatteam,thenplayingtheteamsportsisagreatwaytogettoknowthemagain.(如果你是運動員，你以前的朋友也是，加入學(xué)校的運動隊是一個很好的方式來聯(lián)系老朋友。這并不意味著你應(yīng)該參加一項你不喜歡的運動，這樣你就可以看到你的老朋友。然而，如果你喜歡運動，希望加入一個團(tuán)隊，而你以前的朋友是那個團(tuán)隊的成員，那么參加團(tuán)隊運動是再次了解他們的好方法)”可知，參加學(xué)校運動隊最適合運動愛好者聯(lián)絡(luò)老朋友。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouhaveeverlosttouchwitholdschoolfriends,youmayfindyourselfwantingtomakecontactagain.Someteensfindthatcertainschoolfriendsareworthkeepingcontactwithandwanttokeepthefriendshipgoingstrong.(如果你曾經(jīng)與老同學(xué)失去聯(lián)系，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己想要再次聯(lián)系。一些青少年發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些學(xué)校的朋友是值得保持聯(lián)系，并希望保持友誼牢固)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一些和老朋友保持聯(lián)系的方法。可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是提供聯(lián)系老朋友的建議。故選D。BLights,camera,action!Haveyoueverdreamedofbeingadirector?Atage29,DiDialreadyhasalmost10yearsofdirectingexperienceunderhisbelt.Throughthemediacompanyhefounded,hemakesadvertisingandpromotionalvideos,includingforTsinghuaUniversity.ForDi,becomingadirectoris“anadventurebasedoninterest”.Majoringinjournalism,hegotintodirectingbychance.“In2013,IcameupwithanideaforTsinghua’sadmissionsvideobutcouldn’tfindadirector,”Disaid.“SoIdecidedtobethedirectormyself!Iendedupreallyenjoyingtheprocessofbeingcreativeandworkingwithateam.ThatwaswhenIknewIwantedtobeadirector.”Whilemanypeoplethinkthatdirectorsareexpertsatart,Difoundthatdirectorsare,infact,expertsatmanagement.“Onlyone-thirdofmytimeisspentonset.Therestofthetime,I’mdoinglotsofplanningwithmycustomersandcolleagues,”hesaid.Thisplanningprocessincludesworkingoutthevideo’sthemewiththeclient,creatingascript,bringingtogetherthevisualsandtextcontent,andalsomanaginglogisticslikewheretoparkthecarsandhowtobringelectricitytotheset.Despitethepressure,Digetsgreatjoyfrommakinganimpactthroughhisworks.In2019,hemadeafilmforTsinghua,whichtellsthestoryofagroupoffirst-generationcollegestudents.Itwasviewedmorethan15milliontimesonsocialmediaandbecameahottop20trendingtopiconSinaWeibo.Beingafirst-generationcollegestudenthimself,Difeltverypassionateaboutthevideosgoalofinspiringstudentstousetheireducationtomakeabetterlifefortheirfamilies.Onemonthbeforethenationalcollegeentranceexamin2020,Direleasedafeaturefilmencouraginghighschoolstudentstokeepworkinghardaftertheexamwaspushedbackbyonemonth.“IwanttouncoverandshareChina’sstorieswiththeworld,truestoriesofChineseyouthfightingfortheirdreams,”saidDi.4.WhatdoweknowaboutDiDi?A.Hestarteddirectingattheageof19. B.Hestudiedfilmdirectingatcollege.C.Hewantedtobeadirectorwhenyoung. D.HestarredinTsinghua’sadmissionsvideo.5.WhatdoesDithinkisnecessaryfordirectors?A.Artisticskill. B.Technicalknowledge.C.Moneymanagementskill. D.Organizationalskill.6.WhyarethetwofilmsmentionedinParagraph4?A.TogiveexamplesofDi’smostpopularworks. B.ToshowhowDiinspirespeoplethroughhisworks.C.TostresshiscontributionstoTsinghuaUniversity. D.ToprovethepopularityofDiasadirector.7.WhatdoesDiaimtodothroughhisfilms?A.Furtherhiscareeroverseas. B.Becomefamousandinfluential.C.TellstoriesofyoungChinesetotheworld. D.Encouragestudentstogotofamousuniversities.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位名叫DiDi的年輕導(dǎo)演在自己創(chuàng)辦的媒體公司中從事廣告和宣傳視頻制作工作，通過自己的作品影響他人?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Atage29,DiDialreadyhasalmost10yearsofdirectingexperienceunderhisbelt.(29歲的迪迪已經(jīng)有了近10年的導(dǎo)演經(jīng)驗。)”可知，DiDi19歲時開始當(dāng)導(dǎo)演。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Whilemanypeoplethinkthatdirectorsareexpertsatart,Difoundthatdirectorsare,infact,expertsatmanagement.“Onlyone-thirdofmytimeisspentonset.Therestofthetime,I’mdoinglotsofplanningwithmycustomersandcolleagues,”hesaid.Thisplanningprocessincludesworkingoutthevideo’sthemewiththeclient,creatingascript,bringingtogetherthevisualsandtextcontent,andalsomanaginglogisticslikewheretoparkthecarsandhowtobringelectricitytotheset.(雖然很多人認(rèn)為導(dǎo)演是藝術(shù)專家，但迪發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)演實際上是管理專家?！拔抑挥腥种坏臅r間花在片場。其余時間，我與客戶和同事一起做很多計劃，”他說。這個規(guī)劃過程包括與客戶一起制定視頻主題，創(chuàng)建腳本，將視覺和文本內(nèi)容整合在一起，以及管理物流，比如在哪里停車以及如何為布景供電。)

”可知，DiDi所做的事情是需要組織技能的，因此在DiDi看來組織技能是導(dǎo)演必備的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“In2019,hemadeafilmforTsinghua,whichtellsthestoryofagroupoffirst-generationcollegestudents.Itwasviewedmorethan15milliontimesonsocialmediaandbecameahottop20trendingtopiconSinaWeibo.Beingafirst-generationcollegestudenthimself,Difeltverypassionateaboutthevideosgoalofinspiringstudentstousetheireducationtomakeabetterlifefortheirfamilies.Onemonthbeforethenationalcollegeentranceexamin2020,Direleasedafeaturefilmencouraginghighschoolstudentstokeepworkinghardaftertheexamwaspushedbackbyonemonth.(2019年，他為清華大學(xué)拍攝了一部電影，講述了一群第一代大學(xué)生的故事。該視頻在社交媒體上的點擊量超過1500萬次，并成為新浪微博熱門話題前20名之一。作為第一代大學(xué)生，迪對視頻的目標(biāo)充滿熱情，即激勵學(xué)生利用所學(xué)知識為家人創(chuàng)造更好的生活。在2020年高考推遲一個月后，迪發(fā)布了一部故事片，鼓勵高中生繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，本段提到了這兩部電影是為了展示DiDi如何通過他的作品激勵人們。故選B。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的““IwanttouncoverandshareChina’sstorieswiththeworld,truestoriesofChineseyouthfightingfortheirdreams,”saidDi.(他說：“我想與世界分享中國的故事，中國年輕人為夢想而奮斗的真實故事?！?”可知，DiDi的目的是通過他的電影向世界講述中國年輕人的故事。故選C。CMostofushaveheardofthe3Rs:reduce,reuseandrecycle.Itisthecoreprincipleofasustainable(可持續(xù)的)life,butfewofuscanapplyitinourownlives.Now,there’sa“l(fā)ab”youcanexploreanddiscoverawaytowardlivingsustainably.3RLabislocatedinXuhuidistrict,Shanghai.Itoffersexhibitions,activitiesandgoodsthatshowcasethe3Rprinciple.Thekeytoasustainablelife,accordingtoVincentT.M.Fong,the32-year-oldfromHongKongwhocreatedthelab,istomakeitalong-termpromise.“Asustainablelifeshouldbesustainableitselfinthefirstplace.Youcan’tleadasustainablelifeonawhim.Smallandcomfortablechangesareexactlywhatyouneed,”Fongsaid.Thelabregularlyhostsuglyfruitmarkets,offeringthesestrangefruitswhichareoftenthrownawaybytraditionalmarketsandconsumersataquiteattractiveprice.“They’rethrownawaysimplybecauseoftheirappearance.Buyingfruitregardlessofhowtheylookreducesfoodwastesignificantlyinourdailylife,”Fongcommented.Awatertankwithtwotypesofstrawsisanotherequipmentinthelab.“OnetypeismadefromnormalplasticswidelyusedinourdailylifewhiletheotherisfromPHA,anewreplacementforplastics,andthewaterissourcedfromtheSuzhouRiver,”explainedNiLi,anemployeeofthelab.VisitorscanseehowthePHAstrawsdegrade(降解)intoathinlayerinjustonemonth,whiletheothersremainunchanged.“Leadingasustainablelifedoesnotnecessarilymeansacrifice,”saidFong.Consuminguglyfruitandusingdegradableplasticsaresmallchangesthataregoodfortheenvironmentandeasytostickto.Onlyinthiswaycanthe3Rprinciplebecomepartofourlives,headded.Afterworkingthereforsixmonths,Ni,whowasn’tmindfulofthe3Rprinciplebeforearrivingatthelab,nowuseshercupeverytimeshebuysacoffee.“Thejobhasreshapedmylife,”Nisaid.8.Whatdoesthe-underlinedphrase“onawhim”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.Inarush. B.Onaregularbasis.C.Withoutanyreason. D.Asacommonpractice.9.Whatisthepurposeoftheuglyfruitmarketat3RLab?A.Toreducefoodwaste. B.Topromotehealthyeating.C.Tosellnewkindsoffruit. D.Toprovidemoreaffordablefruit,10.Whatcanthewatertankat3RLabshowtoitsvisitors?A.Thewaterpollutioncausedbyplastics. B.ThedegradationofPHAstraws.C.Theinteractionbetweentwotypesofstraws. D.Thedisappearanceofnormalplasticstraws.11.WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutNi?A.Sheavoidsgoingtotraditionalmarkets. B.Shehasdevotedlesstimetoherhobbies.C.Shehasgotridofafewbadhabits. D.Sheisleadingalowcarbonlifenow.【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了3R實驗室正在探索一種可持續(xù)生活方式?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語的下文“Smallandcomfortablechangesareexactlywhatyouneed,(小而舒適的改變正是你所需要的，)”可知，需要小而舒適的改變，也就是說你不可能一時興起就過上可持續(xù)的生活的，所以推斷劃線短語的意思是“一時興起、匆忙地”。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“They’rethrownawaysimplybecauseoftheirappearance.Buyingfruitregardlessofhowtheylookreducesfoodwastesignificantlyinourdailylife,(它們僅僅因為外表而被丟棄。購買水果，不管它們看起來如何，都能大大減少我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M，)”可知，3R實驗室丑陋水果市場的目的是為了減少食物浪費。故選A項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“VisitorscanseehowthePHAstrawsdegrade(降解)intoathinlayerinjustonemonth,whiletheothersremainunchanged.(參觀者可以看到PHA吸管是如何在一個月內(nèi)降解成薄薄的一層，而其他吸管則保持不變。)”可知，3R實驗室的水箱能向參觀者展示PHA吸管的降解。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Afterworkingthereforsixmonths,Ni,whowasn’tmindfulofthe3Rprinciplebeforearrivingatthelab,nowuseshercupeverytimeshebuysacoffee.(在那里工作了六個月后，倪在來實驗室之前并不知道3R原理，現(xiàn)在她每次買咖啡都要用自己的杯子。)”可推知，倪現(xiàn)在過著低碳生活。故選D項。DTheyear2023markedthe20thanniversaryofChina’sfirstmannedspacemission,withYangLiweibecomingthefirstChineseastronauttogotospace.Sincethen,another17astronautshavereachedforthestars.Theselectionofthefourthgenerationofastronautsbeganin2022andisnowinfullswing.Expertsrevealedhowdifficultthetrainingisbeforeastronautscanexplorethespace.Thehumanbodyisnotdesignedforspacelife.Astronautsarefacedwithmultiplechallengesonaspacemission.Thechangesingravitycanhaveanimpactontheirbodies.Thefeelingofisolationandclosedlivinginasmallspacecraftformonthscandamagetheirmentalhealth.Emergenciesduringmissionschallengetheirknowledgeandabilitytosolveproblemsunderhugepressure.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.TomakesurethatChineseastronautscompletetheirmissionsandreturntoEarthsafely,“Eighttypes,includingover200subjectsoftraining,wereset,”HuangWeifen,chiefdesigneroftheastronautsystemforChina’smannedspaceproject,toldCCTVNews.Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsoincludesbasicscientifictheories,psychologicalhealth,andmock(模擬的)missions.Amongthetrainingsubjects,themosttiringoneisunderwatertraining.Thistrainingisdesignedforastronautstoadapttothemicrogravityenvironmentinspace.AccordingtoHuang,astronautsstayunderwaterinsuitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursatatime.Waterresistance(阻力)andtheheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.“NieHaishengoncereportedatwo-kilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwateitrainingexercise,”saidHuang.Eachastronautreceivestrainingforatleastthreeandahalfyearsbeforehavingthechancetogotospace.Whocanbecomeastronauts?ThefirstandsecondgenerationsofChineseastronautswereselectedonlyfromtheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyAirForce.However,since2018,whenthethird-generationselectionprocessbegan,ordinarypeoplehavebeeninvitedtoapply.Theycanflywithpilotastronautstospace.12.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Highstandardsastronautsneedtomeet. B.Healthproblemscausedbymicrogravity.C.Requirementsofthetoughastronauttraining. D.Differentchallengesastronautsfaceinspace.13.Whichisthemostphysicallydemandingforitsparticipantsaccordingtothearticle?A.Mockmission. B.Underwatertraining.C.Physicalfitnesstraining. D.Scientifictheorylearning.14.WhydidHuangmentionNieHaishertg’stwo-kilogramweightloss?A.Tostresshowchallengingthetrainingis. B.TodescribeNie’spersonalachievements.C.Tointroducetheweightlimitforastronauts. D.Toexplaintheimportanceofpropertraining.15.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheQualitiesofBeinganAstronaut B.AstronautsFacedwithMultipleChallengesC.PreparingtheMindandBodyforSpace D.The20thAnniversaryofChina’sSpaceMission【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國第四代航天員的選拔已經(jīng)開始，并且正在如火如荼地進(jìn)行中。專家透露，成為一名宇航員需要經(jīng)歷極其艱苦的訓(xùn)練，包括身體、心理和模擬任務(wù)等方面的訓(xùn)練?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Astronautsarefacedwithmultiplechallengesonaspacemission.Thechangesingravitycanhaveanimpactontheirbodies.Thefeelingofisolationandclosedlivinginasmallspacecraftformonthscandamagetheirmentalhealth.Emergenciesduringmissionschallengetheirknowledgeandabilitytosolveproblemsunderhugepressure.(宇航員在太空任務(wù)中面臨著多重挑戰(zhàn)。重力的變化會對他們的身體產(chǎn)生影響。在小宇宙飛船中生活數(shù)月的孤立感和封閉感會損害他們的心理健康。任務(wù)期間的緊急情況挑戰(zhàn)了他們在巨大壓力下解決問題的知識和能力。)”可知，第二段主要討論了宇航員在太空中面臨的各種挑戰(zhàn)。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Amongthetrainingsubjects,themosttiringoneisunderwatertraining.(在訓(xùn)練科目中，最累人的是水下訓(xùn)練。)”可知，水下訓(xùn)練對參與者的體力要求最高。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thistrainingisdesignedforastronautstoadapttothemicrogravityenvironmentinspace.AccordingtoHuang,astronautsstayunderwaterinsuitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursatatime.Waterresistance(阻力)andtheheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.“NieHaishengoncereportedatwo-kilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwateitrainingexercise,”saidHuang.(這項訓(xùn)練是為宇航員適應(yīng)太空微重力環(huán)境而設(shè)計的。據(jù)黃說，宇航員穿著重達(dá)100多公斤的宇航服，一次在水下呆6個小時。水的阻力和沉重的衣服使每一個動作都筋疲力盡?！奥櫤僭?jīng)報告說，在一次水下訓(xùn)練后，他的體重減輕了兩公斤?！秉S說)”可知，黃提到聶海勝的兩公斤體重?fù)p失是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)訓(xùn)練的挑戰(zhàn)性有多大。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsoincludesbasicscientifictheories,psychologicalhealth,andmock(模擬的)missions.(除了體能訓(xùn)練，它還包括基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)理論、心理健康和模擬任務(wù)。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了成為一名宇航員需要經(jīng)歷極其艱苦的訓(xùn)練，包括身體、心理和模擬任務(wù)等方面的訓(xùn)練。所以選擇項C“PreparingtheMindandBodyforSpace(為太空做好身心準(zhǔn)備)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MinorColdisthe23rdsolartermofthe24traditionalChinesesolarterms.FormostareasofChina,itmarksthestartofthecoldestdaysoftheyear.Still,bittercoldcan’tpreventpeoplefromenjoyingtheirlives.____16____EnjoyMuttonhotpotandbakedsweetpotato.Muttonhotpot,andbakedsweetpotatoaretworecommendedfoodsforMinorCold.____17____Itcanhelppreventcoldfromharmingtheirorgans.Theyangenergyinthethreetypesoffoodisstrengthenedthroughtheirmethodofcooking:boiling,stirfryingandbaking.EatLabaporridge.AnotherimportanttraditionalfoodforMinorColdisLabaporridge.____18____LocalpeopleinBeijingoftencookLabaporridgeonthenightoftheseventhdayofthetwelfthlunarmonth.Afteronenight’sslowsimmering,alltheingredientsmeltintotheporridgeinthemorningoftheeighthday,becomingawarmdelicacytoenjoyoncolddays.____19____PeopleinNanjingusedtotakeMinorColdquiteseriously,andtheystillkeepacustomofeatingvegetablericetocelebratethissolarterm.Thericeissteamedwithaijiaohuang,sausageandsaltedduckthatareallthespecialtiesinNanjing.MakeChinesetraditionalherbalmedicine.____20____Manypeopleneedthemtopreparenewmedicines,whichwillbeconsumedbeforetheLunarNewYear.A.StockupforNewYear.B.TasteNanjingvegetablerice.C.Itismadefromover20kindsofnuts,cerealsanddriedfruits.D.MinorColdisalsothebusiesttimefordoctorsandpharmacies,E.HerearesomethingsthathelpusstaywarmduringMinorCold.F.Beef,sesameandwalnutsarealsogoodchoicesforMinorCold.G.AccordingtoChinesetradition,peopleeatfoodcontainingmoreyangenergy.【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小寒，以及一些小寒的一些飲食習(xí)俗?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“MinorColdisthe23rdsolartermofthe24traditionalChinesesolarterms.FormostareasofChina,itmarksthestartofthecoldestdaysoftheyear.Still,bittercoldcan’tpreventpeoplefromenjoyingtheirlives.(小寒是中國傳統(tǒng)二十四節(jié)氣中的第23個節(jié)氣。對于中國大部分地區(qū)來說，這標(biāo)志著一年中最冷的日子的開始。盡管如此，嚴(yán)寒并不能阻止人們享受生活)”以及后文主要介紹小寒的一些飲食習(xí)俗可知，有一些食物可以幫助人們御寒。故E選項“這里有一些東西可以幫助我們在小寒期間保持溫暖”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Muttonhotpot,andbakedsweetpotatoaretworecommendedfoodsforMinorCold.(羊肉火鍋和烤紅薯是小寒的兩種推薦食物)”以及后文“Itcanhelppreventcoldfromharmingtheirorgans.Theyangenergyinthethreetypesoffoodisstrengthenedthroughtheirmethodofcooking:boiling,stirfryingandbaking.(它可以幫助防止寒冷傷害他們的器官。這三種食物的陽氣是通過它們的烹飪方法來增強(qiáng)的：煮、炒、烤)”可知，本句說明吃羊肉和紅薯是因為屬于陽性食物。故G選項“根據(jù)中國的傳統(tǒng)，人們吃含有更多陽氣的食物”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“AnotherimportanttraditionalfoodforMinorColdisLabaporridge.(小寒另一種重要的傳統(tǒng)食物是臘八粥)”可知，本句承接上文，說明臘八粥是用什么制作的。故C選項“它是由20多種堅果、谷物和干果制成的”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“PeopleinNanjingusedtotakeMinorColdquiteseriously,andtheystillkeepacustomofeatingvegetablericetocelebratethissolarterm.Thericeissteamedwithaijiaohuang,sausageandsaltedduckthatareallthespecialtiesinNanjing.(南京人過去很重視小寒，他們?nèi)匀槐Ａ糁允卟孙垇響c祝這個節(jié)氣的習(xí)俗。米飯是用南京的特色菜艾椒黃、香腸和咸鴨肉蒸的)”可知，本段主要介紹了南京蔬菜飯，故B選項“品嘗南京蔬菜飯”符合語境，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Manypeopleneedthemtopreparenewmedicines,whichwillbeconsumedbeforetheLunarNewYear.(許多人需要他們來準(zhǔn)備新的藥物，這些藥物將在農(nóng)歷新年前被消耗掉)”可知，后文提到了人們需要某些人來準(zhǔn)備新的藥物，可推測是醫(yī)療方面的人員。故D選項“小寒也是醫(yī)生和藥房最忙的時候”符合語境，故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項?！癗othingwilleverbethesameagain”,Allysaidtoherself.Ally’sfatherdiedlastsummer.Itwasn’tfair,Allythought.Dadwasyoungandhadneverbeen____21____.Whyhadhisheartsuddenlystopped?Ally____22____slowlyintoherfather’sfavoritechairandlookedathispictureonthebookcase.Allysmiled,“Imissyou,Dads”.Shefeltahand____23____herhairandlookedup.“Whydon’tyoucomeoutsidewithme,Ally?”hermotherasked.“Thebirdsare____24____inthewoods.Bythistimelastyearyou’dalreadytakendozensofpictures.”Buthermothermustknow____25____wouldn’tbethesamethisyear.Howcoulditbe?Ally____26____.Eversinceshecouldremember,sheandDadhadbeena____27____,searchingthewoodsforthespecialwoodwarbler(林鶯).“I’llbeoutinawhile,”sheanswered.Afterhermotherleft,AllyreachedforthephotoalbumsheandDadhadputtogether.Onthecoverwasaphotoofatinyyellow____28____withblue-graywingsandblackeyes.Dadcutitfromalocalnewspaper.Allysmiled,rememberingthe____29____lookonDad’sfacewhenheshowedhertheprettybird.“Ican’tbelievesomeone____30____thislittleguywayuphereinNewJersey,”hesaid.“Woodwarblersareusuallyfoundinthesouth,notthisfarnorth.Ibetifwesearch____31____,Ally,we’llseethislittleguytogethersomeday.”Allyclosedhereyes.ShelovedthinkingaboutthetimessheandDadhadspentsearchingthe____32____forthelittlebird.They’dneverspottedthewarbler,butherfatherhadanamazingwayofmakingeachoutingseem____33____.Hewasherbestfriend,andwhentheyweretogether,Allyfeltcomfortable,asshedidwhenshe____34____herfavoritebluesweatshirt.IfonlyIcouldgetthatgoodfeelingback,shethought,____35____.21.A.absent B.sick C.puzzled D.afraid22.A.broke B.drowned C.fell D.sank23.A.pulling B.cutting C.smoothing D.tearing24.A.crying B.fighting C.arguing D.nesting25.A.bird-watching B.paper-cutting C.animal-hunting D.book-reading26.A.wondered B.shouted C.ordered D.insisted27.A.family B.organization C.team D.system28.A.leaf B.bird C.girl D.chick29.Aexcited B.embarrassed C.confused D.sad30.A.killed B.caught C.spotted D.chased31.A.carefully B.unintentionally C.immediately D.slowly32.A.room B.woods C.newspaper D.bookcase33.A.ordinary B.boring C.special D.tiring34.A.tookoff B.puton C.putaway D.talkedabout35.A.jumping B.screaming C.laughing D.sighing【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.D25.A26.A27.C28.B29.A30.C31.A32.B33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。艾麗的父親意外去世，這讓艾麗非常憂傷，深深地懷念和父親一起在樹林里尋找林鶯的感覺?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：爸爸很年輕，從來沒有生過病。A.absent缺席的；B.sick生病的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.afraid害怕的。根據(jù)后文“Whyhadhisheartsuddenlystopped?(為什么他的心臟突然停止了跳動？)”可知，此處是指從來沒有生過病。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：艾麗慢慢地坐到父親最喜歡的椅子上，看著書架上父親的照片。A.broke打破；B.drowned淹沒于；C.fell掉落；D.sank坐下。根據(jù)“slowlyintoherfather’sfavoritechair”可知，此處是指慢慢地坐到父親最喜歡的椅子上。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她感到一只手在撫平她的頭發(fā)，于是抬起頭來。A.pulling拉；B.cutting切，割；C.smoothing撫平；D.tearing撕碎。根據(jù)“herhairandlookedup”可知，此處是指她感到一只手在撫平她的頭發(fā)。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：鳥兒正在樹林里筑巢。A.crying哭喊；B.fighting打架；C.arguing爭論；D.nesting筑巢。根據(jù)“Thebird”和“inthewoods”可知，此處是指鳥兒正在樹林里筑巢。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是她的媽媽一定知道今年的觀鳥不會和以前一樣了。A.bird-watching觀鳥；B.paper-cutting剪紙；C.animal-hunting動物捕獵；D.book-reading讀書。根據(jù)前文“Bythistimelastyearyou’dalreadytakendozensofpictures.(在去年這個時候，你已經(jīng)拍了幾十張照片了。)”可知，此處是指今年的觀鳥不會和以前一樣了。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：艾麗想。A.wondered想知道，琢磨；B.shouted大喊；C.ordered命令；D.insisted堅持。根據(jù)前文“Howcoulditbe?(這怎么可能？)”可知，此處是指艾麗心想。故選A。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從她記事起，她和爸爸就組成了一個團(tuán)隊，在樹林里尋找特殊的林鶯。A.family家庭；B.organization組織；C.team團(tuán)隊；D.system系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)“sheandDadhadbeena”可知，此處是指她和爸爸組成了一個團(tuán)隊。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：封面上是一只長著藍(lán)灰色翅膀和黑色眼睛的小黃鳥的照片。A.leaf葉子；B.bird鳥；C.girl女孩；D.chick小雞。根據(jù)后文“whenheshowedhertheprettybird(當(dāng)他給她看那只漂亮的鳥時)”可知，此處是指封面上是一只小黃鳥的照片。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：艾麗笑了，想起爸爸給她看那只漂亮的小鳥時臉上興奮的表情。A.excited興奮的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.confused困惑的；D.sad悲傷的。根據(jù)“whenheshowedhertheprettybird”可知，此處是指爸爸給她看那只漂亮的小鳥時臉上興奮的表情。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“我不敢相信有人在新澤西發(fā)現(xiàn)