重慶市長(zhǎng)壽區(qū)高二八校聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期7月期末英語(yǔ)試題

重慶市長(zhǎng)壽區(qū)20232024學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二期末檢測(cè)卷（B）英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）1.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aparty.B.Anecklace.C.Adress.2.Whydoesthewomanexchangethecoat?A.It'ssmall.B.It'sbig.C.It'sdark.3.Whereisthewoman'shusbandnow?A.InLondon.B.InTokyo.C.InParis.4.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Packsomeboxes.B.Gohomeandrest.C.Continueworking.5.Howdoesthemangettothebusstop?A.Onfoot.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Howmuchwillthemanpayintotal?A.$900.B.$750.C.$700.7.Howwillthemanpayfortheguitar?A.Bycreditcard.B.Bycheck.C.Incash.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatistheman'sadviceforthewoman'strip?A.SheshouldalsocheckoutVenice.B.SheshouldonlystayinRome.C.ShereallyshouldgotoPisa.9.HowmuchvacationtimewillthewomanprobablyspendinRome?A.Twodays.B.Fivedays.C.Sevendays.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Attheradiostation.B.Onthebeach.C.Intheocean.11.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Jointheparty.B.Describetheweather.C.Invitehertotheparty.12.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Hot.B.Warm.C.Cool.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Strangers.C.Teammates.14.Whatisthegirlafraidof?A.Failingthetest.B.Missingsomeclasses.C.Losingatsports.15.Whatgamewouldn'ttheboyliketoplayanymore?A.Soccer.B.Baseball.C.Basketball.16.Whereisthelibrary?AOnthethirdfloor.B.Onthesecondfloor.C.Onthefirstfloor.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingtheweather.B.Remendingoutdooractivities.C.Arrangingforthesummerholiday.18.WhatwastheweatherlikeintheNortheastinthepastweek?A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.19.WhyistheMidwestprobablythebestplaceinthespeaker'seyes?A.It'llbesunnyandfortable.B.Itstransportisconvenient.C.Ithasgreatairconditioningsystems.20.WhatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopleintheSouthtodo?A.Prepareforstorms.B.Replantheirouting.C.Enjoytheclearskies.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）AForthosewho’vealwayswantedtowalkthehallsofHogwartsorexploretheshopsofDiagonAlley(對(duì)角巷)，UniversalOrlandooffersthenextbestthing.ThethemeparkopenedeveryHarryPotterfan’sdreamplacebackin2010.ForPotterheadseverywhere,however,decidingwhentomakethetriptotheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterisnoteasy.ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld,whetheryou’relookingtosavemoney,avoidthebusyseason,orsimplyexperiencethemostmagicaltimesoftheyear.ThecheapesttimestovisitHarryPotter’sworldThecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.OtherinexpensivetimesincludethebeginningofMarchandmostofSeptemberandOctober.ThebestHarryPottereventsatUniversalWhiletheymaynotbethequietesttimestoexploreHarryPotter’sworld,Universalholdsmanyeventsthroughouttheyearthatfanswon’twanttomiss.ACelebrationofHarryPotterForaweekendeveryJanuary,UniversalhostsACelebrationofHarryPotter.Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.Foranyonewhoreallylovesthebooksandthefilms,thismaybeoneofthebesttimesoftheyeartovisit.ChristmasintheWizardingWorldUniversal’snewadditionstotheirholidayentertainmentlineupmakeHogwartstheperfectplacetobearoundChristmastime.DecorationsaddbeautytotheshopsofDiagonAlleyandHogsmeade,theFrogChoirsingsChristmascarols(頌歌)，andsnowfallsonHogwartsasafestiveshowtakesplaceinfrontofthecastle.HalloweenintheWizardingWorldLastly(andperhapsmostsurprisingly),HalloweenseasonisalsoagoodtimeforamagicalvisittotheWizardingWorld.Universal’smainHalloweenevent,HalloweenHorrorNights,producesaspecialHarryPotterrelatedsurprise.1.WhichtimescostsmosttovisitHarryPotter’sworld?A.JanuaryandmostofFebruary.B.NewYearandwinterbreak.C.ThebeginningofMarch.D.MostofSeptemberandOctober.2.WhatwillpeopledointheeventofACelebrationofHarryPotter?A.TheywilljoinotherPotterfansforvariousactivities.B.TheywilldecoratetheshopsandsingChristmascarols.C.Theywillwatchafestiveshowtakingplaceinfrontofthecastle.D.TheywillgetaspecialHarryPotterrelatedsurprise.3.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformreadersofsomeeventsaboutHarryPotter.B.TointroducetheUniversalOrlandotoreaders.C.TohelpexperiencethebestofWizardingWorld.DToadvertisethebooksandfilmsofHarryPotter.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要向哈利波特的粉絲們介紹哈利波特魔法世界的主題公園，并給出游客一些游玩的建議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.”（參觀哈利波特魔法世界最不忙/最便宜的月份是除了新年左右和寒假的一月和二月的大多數(shù)時(shí)候）可知寒假和新年左右是最忙/最貴的時(shí)候。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.”（游客，無(wú)疑穿著各階級(jí)的長(zhǎng)袍，將要加入其他哈利波特的忠實(shí)粉絲，與他們一起參加看展，討論，扮演，問(wèn)答等活動(dòng)）可知，游客與哈利波特粉絲一起參加給種各樣的活動(dòng)，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld”（這些小建議會(huì)幫助你體驗(yàn)世界上最好的魔法世界）可知，本文的主要目的是讓游客在哈利波特主題公園有最好的體驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。BItisinhumannaturetoexplorenewthings.Tothatend,manycountrieshavebeenexploringspaceformanydecades,particularlytheUS,Russia,andcountriesinEurope.PresidentXiJinpingpraisedthesuccessoftheChang’e5mission(使命)inbringingbackthecountry’sfirstsamples(樣本)collectedfromthemoon.Thewholecountryisproudofthisbreakthrough.TheChang’e5missionhasachievedmanysignificantbreakthroughs,includingChina’sfirstlunar(月球的)surfacesampling,firstliftofffromthemoonandthefirstspacecraftwiththeabilitytogatherandmeetinlunarorbitwithsamplestoreentertheEarthsatmosphere.ThesuccessoftheChang’e5missionmarksaconclusionofChina’scurrentlunarexplorationproject.ThesuccessfulreentryandlandingoftheChang’e5capsule(太空艙)haveenabledChinatoobtainitsfirstlunarsamples,markinganewstartforlunarandplanetaryresearch.Withthisachievement,Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.NomatterhowfarChinagoesintospace,italwaysstaystruetoitsoriginalmissionuncoveringthesecretsoftheuniverseandcontributingtohuman’speacefuluseofspace.Chinaisapeacelovingcountryandwilluseitsachievementsforpromotingpeacearoundtheglobe.Chinaviewstheseeffortsaspartoftheworld’slunarexploration.Itchoseadifferentlandingsiteandispromisingtoshareitssamplestoenrichtheplanet’sknowledge.Someforeignscientistshaveshownparticularinterest.Theexplorationisnotformercialpurposes,butinternationalscientificresearch.Humanbeingsshallexplorethemoontogether,asitwillfinallyneedlargeprojectsrequiringinternationalcooperation.Chinawillplayaleadershiproleintheinternationalscientificmunity.4.WhatmadeChinesepeoplefeelproudaccordingtothepassage?A.Landingonthemoonsuccessfully. B.Gainingadmissiontoexploringthemoon.C.Strengtheningtheabilitytopromotethepeace. D.Bringingbackfirstsamplescollectedfromthemoon.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheChang’e5mission?A.Horriblebutromantic. B.Fearfulbutsuccessful.C.Challengingbutrewarding. D.Dangerousbutpeaceful.6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theoriginalmissionremainsunchanged. B.Countriesjointogethertoexplorethemoon.C.Chinatakesprideintheachievementsinspace. D.Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aposter. B.Aleaflet. C.Anewspaper. D.Aguidebook.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了嫦娥五號(hào)任務(wù)的成功使得中國(guó)在太空探索上樹(shù)立了一個(gè)新的里程碑。4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“PresidentXiJinpingpraisedthesuccessoftheChang’e5missioninbringingbackthecountry’sfirstsamplescollectedfromthemoon.Thewholecountryisproudofthisbreakthrough.（習(xí)近平主席贊揚(yáng)了嫦娥五號(hào)任務(wù)的成功，從月球帶回了中國(guó)第一批采集的樣本。全國(guó)都為這一突破感到自豪）”可知，中國(guó)人為帶回從月球上采集的第一批樣本感到驕傲。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheChang’e5missionhasachievedmanysignificantbreakthroughs,includingChina’sfirstlunarsurfacesampling,firstliftofffromthemoonandthefirstspacecraftwiththeabilitytogatherandmeetinlunarorbitwithsamplestoreentertheEarthsatmosphere.（嫦娥五號(hào)任務(wù)取得了多項(xiàng)重大突破，包括我國(guó)首次月球表面采樣、首次從月球上發(fā)射、以及首個(gè)能夠在月球軌道上采集并將樣品重新進(jìn)入地球大氣層的航天器。）”以及第三段“ThesuccessfulreentryandlandingoftheChang’e5capsulehaveenabledChinatoobtainitsfirstlunarsamples,markinganewstartforlunarandplanetaryresearch.（嫦娥五號(hào)返回艙的成功著陸，使我國(guó)獲得了第一批月球樣品，標(biāo)志著月球和行星研究的新起點(diǎn)。）”可判斷，嫦娥五號(hào)的任務(wù)有挑戰(zhàn)性但也有回報(bào)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Withthisachievement,Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.（憑借這一成就，中國(guó)在太空探索方面樹(shù)立了新的里程碑。）”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了中國(guó)在太空探索上樹(shù)立了一個(gè)新的里程碑。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了嫦娥五號(hào)任務(wù)的成功使得中國(guó)在太空探索上樹(shù)立了一個(gè)新的里程碑，這屬于新聞報(bào)道，因此文章很有可能來(lái)自一份報(bào)紙。故選C項(xiàng)。CAtuniversity,whenItoldpeopleIwasstudyingforahistorydegree,theresponsewasalmostalwaysthesame,“Youwanttobeateacher?”No,ajournalist.“Oh.Butyou’renotmajoringinmunications?”Inthedayswhenauniversityeducationwasaprivilege,perhapstherewasn’ttheassumptionthatadegreehadtobeaspringboarddirectlyintoacareer.Thosedaysarelonggone.Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.Wanttobeajournalist?Studyjournalism,we’retold.Alawyer?Pursueprelaw.Nottotallysure?GointoSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineerandMaths)—youcanbeeanengineeroranITexpert.Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.It’struethatthehumanitiesewithahigherriskofunemployment,buttheriskisslighterthanyouwouldimagine.ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.Lowersalariesmaynotbecausedbythedegreeitselfeither.Thegenderpaygappersistsinthehumanities,whosegraduatesaremorelikelytobefemale.Isitanywonderthenthatlanguageteacherstendtomakelessthanengineers?AccordingtoLinkedIn’sresearchonthemostsoughtafterjobskillsbyemployersfor2019,theabilitytomunicateandgetalongwithpeople,tounderstandwhat’sonotherpeople’sminds,andtodofullstrengthcriticalanalysiswereallvaluedandappreciated.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyoucanbeanexcellentmunicatorandcriticalthinkerwithoutahumanitiesdegree.Andanygooduniversityeducation,notjustoneinEnglishorpsychology,shouldsharpentheseabilitiesfurther.Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.ThewholequestionofwhetherastudentshouldchooseSTEMversusthehumanitiesmightbemisguidedtobeginwith.Theheadlinesmostofusseedon’thelp.Whateverastudentpursuesinuniversity,itmustbesomethingthattheyarenotonlygoodat,butinterestedin.Evenifitmeanspursuinga“useless”degree—likeoneinhumanities.8.Whyarepeoplepayingmoreandmoreforadegree?A.Becausepeopleneedadegreetofurthertheircareer.B.Becauseuniversityeducationisconsideredaprivilege.C.Becauseadegreeisviewedasamustforlandingajob.D.Becausetheirinterestcanbedevelopedinuniversity.9.Theauthormentionedaplugandplaytypeofapproachtoshow________.A.atipforchoosingamajorB.theimportanceofhighereducationC.aproblemthatexistsamongSTEMgraduatesD.thereasonwhypeopleoverlookthehumanities10.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebenefitofmajoringinhumanities?A.Aparativelyhighsalaryaftergraduation.B.Betterchancesofgettingridofgenderprejudice.C.Abettermunicativeskillthansciencestudents.D.Moreexposuretothetrainingoflanguageandthinking.11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepursuitofhumanities?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.C.Objective. D.Concerned.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。作者在文中引用了科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)客觀介紹了學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科利與弊，告訴我們學(xué)生在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)的應(yīng)該是自己擅長(zhǎng)并感興趣的東西，并不只是為了獲得工作而學(xué)習(xí)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.(如今，學(xué)位對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎是一種必需品，它會(huì)使你失業(yè)的幾率減半以上。盡管如此，單憑這一點(diǎn)并不能保證找到一份工作，然而我們?yōu)閷W(xué)位付出的代價(jià)卻越來(lái)越高)”可知，人們?yōu)閷W(xué)位付出的代價(jià)卻越來(lái)越高是因?yàn)閷W(xué)位被視為獲得工作的必備條件。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.(考慮到這些成本，我們大多數(shù)人都希望將投資最大化——這就導(dǎo)致了一種即插即用的高等教育方式)”和“Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.(不管你做什么，忘記了人文學(xué)科，比如歷史、哲學(xué)和語(yǔ)言)”可知，作者提出了一種即插即用的方法是為了說(shuō)明人們忽視人文學(xué)科的原因。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有課程像人文學(xué)科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語(yǔ)和批判性思維——無(wú)論是在研討會(huì)上與其他學(xué)生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩(shī)歌)”可知，在筆者看來(lái)，主修人文學(xué)科的好處是能更多的接受語(yǔ)言和思維的訓(xùn)練。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.(對(duì)于美國(guó)的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，擁有人文學(xué)科學(xué)位的人的失業(yè)率是百分之四，只比擁有工程學(xué)學(xué)位的人高一點(diǎn)點(diǎn))”和倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有課程像人文學(xué)科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語(yǔ)和批判性思維——無(wú)論是在研討會(huì)上與其他學(xué)生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩(shī)歌)”可知，作者在文中引用了科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)客觀介紹了學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的利與弊，作者對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項(xiàng)。DIfyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmisprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.13.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasonesided.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.15.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D.HowArtWorksTellStories【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書(shū)面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史的局限性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過(guò)文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩嗽?jīng)有過(guò)文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒(méi)有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會(huì)也不僅用文字，而且用物件來(lái)記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.(理想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書(shū)的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。)”可推斷，作者認(rèn)為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(在英國(guó)方面，我們有科學(xué)報(bào)告和船長(zhǎng)對(duì)那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來(lái)看，我們只有一個(gè)木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。)”可知，作者舉這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明船長(zhǎng)的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問(wèn)題。故選D?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書(shū)中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過(guò)他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過(guò)去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過(guò)物品講述的歷史給了他們一個(gè)聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會(huì)和無(wú)文化社會(huì)之間的接觸時(shí)，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對(duì)話的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對(duì)過(guò)去歷史的了解，只是書(shū)寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對(duì)象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過(guò)文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩说臍v史曾經(jīng)被文字記錄過(guò)，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒(méi)有。)”結(jié)合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書(shū)面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____16____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____17____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____18____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____19____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____20____Thinkinginapositive,selfencouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldisfort,either.B.Negativeselftalkdamagesselfconfidenceanddecreasesselfrespect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclearheadedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothemonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.G20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了積極思考對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的各種益處，同時(shí)將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，分析兩種人的差異。積極思維是應(yīng)對(duì)困難時(shí)期和提高個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我對(duì)話是一個(gè)人持續(xù)不斷的想法，他常常對(duì)一些事件、現(xiàn)象、人，甚至是他自己都沒(méi)有意識(shí)和不確定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同時(shí)，積極的思考可以幫助停止消極的自我對(duì)話，開(kāi)始形成對(duì)一個(gè)問(wèn)題的積極的觀點(diǎn))”由此可知，上文對(duì)自我對(duì)話進(jìn)行了定義，后文則提到了積極的思考可以有助于停止消極的自我對(duì)話，可知本句是在說(shuō)明消極的自我對(duì)話對(duì)人的不良影響。后文中negativeselftalks可對(duì)應(yīng)到B選項(xiàng)中Negativeselftalk。故B選項(xiàng)“消極的自言自語(yǔ)會(huì)損害自信，降低自尊”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.(積極思考的人壽命更長(zhǎng)，抑郁和焦慮率更低，身心更健康，死于心臟問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更低。積極的思考也有助于一個(gè)人處理問(wèn)題和困難的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了積極思考對(duì)人的益處，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可對(duì)應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)中Positivethinking。故D選項(xiàng)“積極思考對(duì)身心有幾個(gè)有益的影響”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)危機(jī)伴隨著強(qiáng)烈的情緒時(shí)，比如自然災(zāi)害，積極的思考可以為抑郁和焦慮提供一種緩沖)”可知，后文舉出的例子說(shuō)明了積極思考可以讓一個(gè)人在面臨危機(jī)時(shí)，保持冷靜。故C選項(xiàng)“它幫助一個(gè)人在困難的情況下保持頭腦清醒和自信”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.(積極思考的、有韌性的人傾向于把每一個(gè)問(wèn)題都看作是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，一個(gè)改進(jìn)的機(jī)會(huì)，或者一個(gè)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。相反，悲觀主義者傾向于將問(wèn)題視為額外壓力的來(lái)源)可知，上文在將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，本句應(yīng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明悲觀主義者在解決問(wèn)題時(shí)一些性格特點(diǎn)。上文Pessimists可對(duì)應(yīng)到G選項(xiàng)中They。故G選項(xiàng)“他們常常在試圖解決問(wèn)題之前就感到氣餒，即使是很小的問(wèn)題”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(總之，積極思考是應(yīng)對(duì)困難時(shí)期和提高個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具。當(dāng)一個(gè)人拒絕注意到一個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)，它與無(wú)知的樂(lè)觀主義沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系)”可知，本句承接上文進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明一個(gè)人拒絕注意到問(wèn)題的影響，它與無(wú)知的樂(lè)觀主義沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系，也不會(huì)引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適。故A選項(xiàng)“它也不會(huì)引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)Ourwordscarrygreatweight—morethanwesometimesthink.Theyoften_____21_____peoplefordecades,providingeitherthe_____22_____tocarryonoronemorereasontogiveup.WhenIwasinmyninthgradeyear,ItransferredtoanewjuniorschoolinTexas.Irememberwalkingintotheschoolcafeteriaforthefirsttime.Iwasallbymyself.Theotherkidshadbuiltvaluable_____23_____,whileIdidn’tknowaperson.After_____24_____mywaythroughtheservingline,Islidintothenearestopenseat.Thekidsatthetablegavemealook,wrinkledtheirnoses,andthenlaughedquietly.Icouldfeelmyfacegettingredwithembarrassment.Ilooked_____25_____atmyfood.Finally,oneofthekids_____26_____theice.“Man!Youhaveonebignose!”Iwas_____27_____.Ididn’tknowwhattosay.Iwantedtocry,butImanagedalittlelaugh—likeitdidn’treally_____28_____me.Butitdid.Everydayfromthatpointforward,Iwouldlookatmyselfinthemirror.AllIcouldseewasthatbigfat_____29_____thatovershadowedeveryotherfeature.Istudieditfromeveryangle,butkeptingbacktothesame______30______:Iwasonlyalifesupportsystemforanose.Itwasmy______31______feature.______32______,Ieventuallygrew______33______thatthought.Butitreallytookmetwentyyears.Evennow,Ifeelalittleunfortablethinkingaboutit.Itjustgoestoshowyouhow______34______wordscanbe.Therefore,thinktwicebeforeyou______35______sinceacarelesswordcanshape—ormisshape—someone’srealityforyearstoe.21.A.impress B.impact C.hurt D.inspire22.A.courage B.interest C.praise D.depression23.A.habits B.profits C.group D.friendships24.A.riding B.giving C.feeling D.making25.A.up B.back C.down D.forward26.A.ate B.dropped C.broke D.hit27.A.frightened B.embarrassed C.innocent D.fragile28.A.upset B.intend C.terrify D.restrict29.A.head B.nose C.mouth D.face30.A.decision B.ease C.conclusion D.expectation31.A.typical B.despera