2023屆上海市崇明區(qū)高三上學(xué)期一模英語試卷 附答案

高三英語共12頁第12頁P(yáng)AGE5崇明區(qū)2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三第一次模擬考試英語（考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分140分。請(qǐng)將答案填涂在答題紙上。）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Relatives. B.Colleagues. C.Agentandcustomer. D.Postmanandsender.2.A.$3. B.$5. C.$9. D.$15.3.A.Hersondoesn’thaveabluescarf. B.She’llhelpthemanlookforhisscarf.C.Themandidn’ttakeherson’sscarf. D.Shelikesthecoloroftheman’sscarf.4.A.Hisauntwillbuyhimane-dictionary. B.Hisauntpaidtoomuchforthee-dictionary.C. Thewomanneedn’tbuyane-dictionary. D.Hedoesn’tknowhowmuchane-dictionarycosts.5.A.Shemissedthewholegame. B.Sheiscuriousabouttheresultofthegame.C.Shealsoleftthegameearly. D.Shesatrightbehindthemanduringthegame.6.A.Dustbinsforgarbagesorting. B.Benefitsofrecyclingrubbish.C.Chargesforcoloreddustbins. D.Reasonsforprotectingtheenvironment.7.A.Thejacketistoobigforhim. B.Ithasbeentoowarmtowearthejacket.C.Hedoesn’tlikecoldweather. D.Hedidn’tbuythejacketuntilitgotcooler.8.A.Shehateshistorylessons. B.ShethinksDr.Parker’stestsareeasy.C.Dr.Parkernolongerteacheshistory. D.Theman’ssourceofinformationisreliable.9.A.Havehisdeskrepaired. B.Askthebookstoreforarefund.C.Lookforthemisplacedcheck. D.Borrowsomecashfromthewoman.10.A.Heisn’tallowedtotellthestudenthergrade.B.Hedoesn’tknowhowtofindthestudent’sgrade.C.Dr.Wilsonhasn’tfinishedgradingthemid-termexam.D.Dr.Wilsondoesn’twanttobecontactedwhilehe’saway.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Properwaysofhelpingthehomeless. B.Suitableplacesforhelpingthehomeless.C.Variousviewsonhelpingthehomeless. D.Underlyingreasonsforhelpingthehomeless.12.A.Themoneymaybestolen. B.Theymaygetaddictedtomoney.C.Themoneymaybemisused. D.Theymaybuyclothingwiththemoney.13.A.Setupanorganization. B.Teachhomelesspeopleaskill.C.Saveresourcesinthecommunity. D.Buildsheltersforthehomeless.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Sleepisvitaltopeople’shealth. B.Chinesepeoplesleepleastintheworld.C.Chinesepeoplearesleepingless. D.Sleephoursvaryindifferentgroupsofpeople.15.A.Screentime. B.Attitudetoage.C.Mentaldisorders. D.Workingrelationships.16.A.Themorepeopleearn,thebettertheysleep.B.Overhalfofteenagersgetlesssleepduetostudystress.C.Chinesepeople’saveragesleepqualityisalsoworsening.D.Officeworkers’sleepqualityistheworstamongalltherespondents.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Studyingforanexam. B.Acomputergamethemanisplaying.C.Visitingaclosefriendoftheirs. D.Aclasspresentationthey’repreparing.18.A.He’salreadyfinishedstudying. B.He’stakinganonlinebiologytest.C.He’stakingabreakfromstudying. D.He’ssearchingforsomeinformation.19.A.Excited. B.Surprised. C.Frustrated. D.Embarrassed.20.A.Heowedherafavor. B.Heheardshedidpoorlyonthelasttest.C.He’dratherstudyonhisown. D.Hehatestobotherherlateintheevening.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LazinessandLackofSleepCanShortenYourLife,EspeciallyWhenCombinedYoualreadyknowthatsmokingisbadforyouandthatdrinkingtoomuchalcoholmayshortenyourlife.Nowanewstudysaysthatspendingtoomuchtimeinachairandnothavingenoughsleepshouldjoinashortlistofbehaviors(21)_____(know)toincreaseyourriskofprematuredeath.Sittingforalongtimeandlackofsleepweredamagingintheirownway,butwhencombinedwithmoretraditionalriskfactors,(22)_____hadamultipliereffectthatmadeanearlydeathfarmorelikely.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPLOSMedicine,makeclearthat“someriskbehaviorstendtocometogetherand(23)_____thejointriskcouldbemuchhigherthanthesumoftheindividualrisks”.Forinstance,smokingwas(24)_____(dangerous)singleriskfactoramongthesixstudied.Thesmallnumberofpeoplefor(25)_____smokingwastheironlybadhabitwere90percentmorelikelytodieduringthecourseofthestudythanwerepeoplewithpracticalcleanlivingineveryaspect.Peoplewhoreportedhighalcoholconsumptionastheironlyriskfactordidnotseem(26)_____(put)theirlivesindanger.Butforthosewhocombinedheavydrinkingwithsmoking,theriskofprematuredeathwasdoubled.Andwhenlackofsleep(27)_____(add)tothemix,thelikelihoodofanearlydeathwasnearlyfivetimesgreater(28)__________lackofsleepbyitselfhadonlyalighteffectondeath.Thesenumbersarebasedonthelivesof231,048Australians.(29)_____(consider)factorssuchasage,gender,educationandotherfactors,theresearcherssawaclearpattern.Itwasaperson’sbadlifestyle(30)_____contributedtohisorherriskofprematuredeath.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.battleB.built-inC.candidateD.carbon-freeE.commercialF.containedG.costlyH.demonstratedI.footprintJ.financedK.growingSeveralCarmakersPushPlanstoOfferHydrogen-poweredVehiclesSeveralbigautomakersrecentlyannouncedplanstokeepinvestinginhydrogenvehicletechnology.Theplanscomeevenasmanyindustryexpertsbelievethetechnologyfacesamajoruphill31tocompeteagainstbattery-poweredelectriccars.Hydrogen-poweredcarsarealsoknownasfuelcellelectricvehicles,orFCEVs.Withthesevehicles,fuelcellsconvert(轉(zhuǎn)化)hydrogengasintoelectricity.Thisdiffersfromelectricvehicles,orEVs,whichgettheirpowerfroma32battery.Lastmonth,thechiefofJapan’sToyotaMotors,AkioToyoda,attendedaracethat33anexperimentalhydrogenvehicle.Thevehicle34atraditionalgasoline-poweredenginethathadbeenconvertedtorunonhydrogen.Toyodatoldreportersattheeventsuchconversionscouldkeeptraditionalinternalcombustionengines(內(nèi)燃機(jī))runningina35world.This,hesaid,couldavoidtheneedtocompletelyleavebehindinternalcombustionandsavemillionsofautoindustryjobs.InGermany,BMWandVolkswagenGrouparebothdevelopinghydrogen-poweredpassengervehiclesalongwithaseriesofnewEVs.BMWsaidlastmonthithasdevelopedahydrogenprototype(原型)basedonitsX5modelinaprojectpartly36bytheGermangovernment.OfficialsatSouthKoreanautomakerHyundaihavealsospokenabouttheimportanceofcontinuingtoexplorehydrogen-basedvehiclesalongwithdevelopingEVs.ThecompanycurrentlysellsapassengerfuelcellvehiclecalledtheNEXO.AndHyundaiannounceditplanstoofferhydrogenfuelcellversionsforallits37vehiclesby2028.Infuelcelltechnology,hydrogencombineswithoxygentoproduceelectricalpower.Itisconsideredcleanenergybecausetheprocessonlyreleaseswaterandsteamintotheatmosphere.Thismakesthetechnologyagood38forhelpingtheworldreduceitscarbonemissions.Currently,however,mostofthehydrogenproducedworldwideismadeusingnaturalgasorcoal—bothofwhichcausepollution.Supportersofthetechnologyexpectthattochangeovertime.Theysaythe39useofelectricityfromwindandsolarenergywillbeabletoseparatehydrogenandoxygeninwater.Thoseproductionmethods,however,aremore40.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whenlookingatwaystoexpandyourbusiness,doesitmakesensetogoglobal?Theanswerisyes—expandingtointernationalmarketshelpscompaniesgrow,increasesbuyingpoweranddiversifiesmarketopportunities.Itbetterpreparesthecompanyforchangesinthe41economy.Itcanresultinincreasedprofits,adiversecustomerbaseandimprovedstability.Beforethepandemic,42expansionalmostalwaysmeantinternationaltravel.43bias(偏見)insomecountrieshistoricallymadebusinessexpansiondifficultforwomen,andinternationaltravelcan44thedelicatework-lifebalanceentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)ofbothsexesstrivetomaintain.TheCovid-19pandemic45globale-commerceandopportunities.Theworldisconductingbusiness46withfarmoresuccessthananticipated.Thisshifttobusinessbytheinternetpresentstremendousglobalopportunitiesforwomenasiteffectivelymakesthesituation47.Conductingbusinessontheinternet48thecomplicationsofgender,race,religion,colorandlifestyle,simplifyingbusinessdowntotheprinciplesofsupplyanddemand.Thisopensmoredoorsforgrowthandenablesentrepreneurstostudypotentialmarketsandthebuyer’sjourneyfromthe49oftheirownoffice.So,howcanyouaccomplishsuccessfulinternationalexpansion?First,identifyyourtargetmarket,andthendevelopaninboundmarketingstrategy.Thisinvolvesprovidingalltheinformationyourtargetconsumersneedonyour50soconsumerscanfindyouandresearchtheanswerstotheirinitialquestionsontheirown.Withadefinedinboundstrategy,well-writtencontentandsocialmediaoutreach,youcanbring51buyerstoyouinsteadofcontinuallysearchingfornewbuyers.Avitalpartofyourglobalinboundmarketingstrategywillbetotranslateimportantinformationfromyourwebsiteintoyourtargetconsumer’snativelanguage.Evenifyourtargetconsumersaremultilingual,most52tobuyfromsitesthatprovideinformationintheirnativelanguage.Thenhowcanyoudevelopyourinboundmarketingstrategy?Thefirststepistoselectamarketthat53yourcompanygoalsandmarketingstrategy.Chooseonecountry,onelanguage,anddevelopamultilingualmarketingstrategythatdefinesyourgoalsandpreparesyoutoconnectwithprospectivebuyers.Onceyoucreatetheplanandprocessforthefirstcountry,youcancopyitwhenyou’rereadytoexpandinto54markets.Youmightbelievethatyourbusinessistoosmalltogetinvolvedwith55—butconsiderthis:Whenyoumakeuseofthepoweroftheinternet,itdoesn’tmatterifyourcompanyislargeorsmall.Thekeyistoshiftyourfocusfromoutboundtoinboundmarketing—andbringbuyerstoyou.41.A.booming B.domestic C.current D.industrial42.A.rapid B.successful C.further D.global43.A.Gender B.Media C.Cultural D.Political44.A.keep B.upset C.promote D.restore45.A.looksinto B.breaksdown C.speedsup D.respondsto46.A.desperately B.efficiently C.securely D.remotely47.A.fair B.worse C.real D.reliable48.A.increases B.promotes C.removes D.illustrates49.A.angle B.comfort C.relief D.imagination50.A.desk B.website C.shoulder D.market51.A.qualified B.wealthy C.foreign D.optimistic52.A.intend B.hesitate C.volunteer D.prefer53.A.attachesto B.benefitsfrom C.seesthrough D.agreeswith54.A.commercial B.additional C.overseas D.private55.A.marketing B.financing C.exporting D.trainingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)FrancisKéréappearsonthescreeninaloosewhiteOxfordshirtandanenormous,slightlyamazedsmile.“Canyouimagine?”thenewestPritzkerArchitecturePrizewinnersays.“IwasborninalittlevillageinBurkinaFasowheretherewasnoschoolthen.AndmyfatherwantedmetolearnhowtoreadandwriteverysimplybecausethenIcouldthentranslateorreadhimhisletters.”ThefirstAfricanwinnerofthePritzkerArchitecturePrizehadalreadyreceivednumerousawardsinhisfield,butKéréwasassurprisedasanyoneelsetobeselectedforthefield’smostfamousprize.“FrancisKéréispioneeringarchitecture—sustainabletotheearthanditsinhabitants—inlandsofextremescarcity,”saidcommitteechair,TomPritzker,inastatement.“Heisequallyarchitectandservant,improvinguponthelivesandexperiencesofcountlesscitizensinaregionoftheworldthatisattimesforgotten.Throughbuildingsthatdemonstratebeauty,modesty,boldnessandinvention,KérégracefullydeservesthisPrize.”Kérésayshisarchitecturalpracticewasinspiredbyhisownexperienceattendingschoolwitharound100otherchildreninaregionwheretemperaturesareregularlyhigherthan100degreesFahrenheit.“Youwillsitandit’sveryhotinside,”hesaid.“Andtherewasnolight,whileoutside,thesunlightwasstrongandinmyheadtheideaonedaygrewthatasanadult,Ishouldmakeitbetter.Iwasthinkingaboutspace,aboutroom,abouthowIcanfeelbetter.”InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchoolandNaabaBelemGoummaSecondarySchoolinBurkinaFaso,Kérédrewontraditionalbuildingmaterialsandemphasizedshadeandshadowswithwell-ventilated(通風(fēng)良好的)spacesthatreducetheneedforairconditioning.Whenhewastwenty,in1985,KéréearnedavocationalscholarshiptostudycarpentryinBerlin.Butwhileabsorbedinthepracticalityofroofingandfurnituremaking,healsoattendednightschoolandwasadmittedtoTechnischeUniversit?tBerlin,fromwhichhegraduatedin2004withanadvanceddegreeinarchitecture.HewasstillastudentwhenhedesignedandbuiltGandoPrimarySchool.Itturnedouttobeaspringboardforhiscareerandstillguideshisethos(理念)today.56.WhichofthefollowingisareasonforKéré’swinningthePritzkerArchitecturePrize?A.Hisdesignsareinnovativeandeco-friendly.B.He’sreceivedplentyofawardsinarchitecture.C.Hisdesignsmainlyconsistofschoolbuildings.D.He’sgoodatusingnewmaterialsinhisarchitecture.57._____actsasastimulustoKéré’sbecominganarchitect.A.HisstudyofcarpentryinBerlin B.Hishometown’sextremelyhotwhetherC.Hisparents’expectationsofhim D.Hisuncomfortableexperienceatschool58._____helpsKéréestablishhisstatusinarchitecture.A.HisdesignofGandoPrimarySchool B.HisresearchinTechnischeUniversit?tBerlinC.Hislovefornatureandhishometown D.HiscommitmenttothedevelopmentofAfrica59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.FrancisKéré:aTruePioneerinAfricanArchitectureB.FrancisKéré:aGreatAfricanContributortoArchitectureC.FrancisKéré:theFirstAfricantoWinArchitecture’sTopAwardD.FrancisKéré:theFirstAfricanWinnerofAwardsinArchitecture(B)CommunicateFluently&EffectivelyinEnglish"TheCitiesareMyClassrooms!"Whyspendyourtimeinaclassroomwhenyoucaninvestyourtimestudyingduringbreakfastordinner?Andwhystayinsideintheafternoonwhenyoucanstudybythebeachorinabar?That'sright.That'sthewayweteach.'ActiveLearning'isthebestwaytolearn,practice,andperfectyourEnglish."WalkandTalkEnglish&EatandDrinkEnglish!"Areyouconsideringnewchallenges?WouldyouliketotakeyourEnglishtothenextlevelwithourin-housemethodsthatarehighlyeffective,yetrelaxingandfun?Howaboutspendingyourhard-earnedvacationtimestudyingEnglishduringadeliciousbreakfast,orduringlunchinahistoricalpub,oratnightfromaskyroomasyouenjoyviewsofLondonorDublin?Youcouldbesittingcomfortablyinsideorinfrontofapalaceorcastle,drinkingcoffeeorteawhileyoustudy.Whynot?WhatisyourgreatestchallengewiththeEnglishlanguage?Getintouchwithusandhelpustounderstandyourdifficultyaswellasyourgoalsinlife.Itisessentialthatthesolutionweofferalsofitsinwellwithyourpersonality,mindset,objectiveswithEnglish,youravailabletimetotravel,andyourfamilycommitments.Lastly,yourholidayinEurope,aswellasyourexperienceswiththeEnglishlanguageandyourtravelstodifferentcities,shouldhavethat'Wow!'factorthathelpsyoutorememberyourholidayforever.Alanguageimmersion(沉浸)programmeistheexperienceofdivingintoadifferentculture.Itisnotthe'false-reality'oftheinternetortechnology.Toexperiencehistoricalcities,villages,castles,pubs,businessesetc.,istounderstandacountry'scultureanditsDNA.60.Theaboveadvertisementisaimedat_____.A.foreignstudentsinIrelandandEnglandB.studentsintheworld’stop-rankeduniversitiesC.peoplewho’dliketolearnEnglishwhiletravellingD.peoplewho’sfluentinEnglishandgoodatcommunication61.WhatisspecialaboutEnglish4Professionals?A.Itcooperateswiththeworld’stop-rankeduniversities.B.Itexposeslearnerstothecultureinthecourseoflearning.C.ItmotivateslearnersbyprovidingbonuseslikeatriptoDublin.D.Itboastsactivelearningmethodswiththehelpofvirtualtourism.62.Accordingtotheadvertisement,yourlearningexperiencewithE4Pcanbe_____.A.funnybutthrilling B.objectiveandrelaxingC.experientialbutexhausting D.personalizedandunforgettable(C)ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisaglass-likecalm,butthepuddles(水坑)ontheregion’sicebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderwayhigherontheicesheet.SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshavebeenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit—10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.TheamountoficethatmeltedinGreenlandbetweenJuly15and17thisyearalone—6billiontonsofwaterperday—wouldbeenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools,accordingtodatafromtheUSNationalSnowandIceDataCenter.Eachsummer,scientistsworrythattheywillseearepeatoftherecordmeltingthatoccurredin2019,when532billiontonsoficeflowedoutintothesea.AnunexpectedlyhotspringandaJulyheatwavethatyearcausedalmosttheentireicesheet’ssurfacetomelt.Globalsealevelrosepermanentlyby1.5millimetersasaresult.Greenlandholdsenoughice—ifitallmelted—toliftsealevelby7.5metersaroundtheworld.ThelatestresearchpointstoamoreandmorethreateningsituationontheNorthernHemisphere’siciestisland.“Unprecedented(史無前例的)”ratesofmeltinghavebeenobservedatthebottomoftheGreenlandicesheet,astudypublishedinFebruaryfound,causedbyhugequantitiesofmeltwaterflowingdownfromthesurface.Thiswaterisparticularlyconcerningbecauseitcandestabilizethesheetaboveitandcouldleadtoamassive,rapidlossofice.Andin2020,scientistsfoundthatGreenland’sicesheethadmeltedbeyondthepointofnoreturn.TherateofmeltinginrecentyearsexceedsanythingGreenlandhasexperiencedinthelast12,000years,anotherstudyfound—andenoughtocausemeasurablechangeinthegravitationalfieldoverGreenland.AttheEastGreenlandIce-coreProject—orEastGRIP—researchcampinnorthwestGreenland,theworkofscientiststounderstandtheimpactofclimatechangeisbeingaffectedbyclimatechangeitself.AslakGrinsted,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofCopenhagen’sNielsBohrInstitute,saidthattheyhavebeentryingtogetflightsintothecampbutthewarmthisdestabilizingthelandingsite.Beforehuman-causedclimatechangekickedin,temperaturesnear32degreesFahrenheittherewereunheardof.Butsincethe1980s,thisregionhaswarmedbyaround1.5degreesFahrenheitperdecade—fourtimesfasterthantheglobalpace—makingitallthemorelikelythattemperatureswillcrossthemeltingpoint.63.Thepassageismainlywrittento_____.A.alertpeopletotherapidmeltingofGreenland’sicesheetB.arousepeople’sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironmentC.informpeopleofthelargeamountoficeGreenlandholdsD.revealtopeoplethecauseandeffectoftheriseinsealevel64.Whatdoes“atransformation”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Climatechange. B.Ariseinsealevel.C.Globalwarming. D.Themeltingofice.65.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheicethatmeltedin2019?A.Itrepeatedarecordmeltingoftheicesheetseveralyearsago.B.Itsamountwasthelargesteverandliftedsealevelpermanently.C.Itwasenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools.D.Itsmeltingratewassorapidastoresultinanunexpectedlyhotspring.66.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_____.A.climatechangeisaresultofhumanactivitiesB.thestudyofclimatechangeisbeingmadeeasierC.themeltingofGreenland’sicesheetisreversibleD.temperaturesincrease1.5°ForsoeachdecadegloballySectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Thecompanyhasalreadyachievedseveralmilestonessinceitwasfounded.Itsgoalistocreatesustainablemeatproductstoreplacemeatssuchasbeef,chickenandevenfish.Thelayersofmeatandfatcanberegroupedindifferentproportionstocreatedifferentflavorexperiences.Additionally,producingmeatwithouthavingtoraiseandkillcattlemayworkoutbetterforensuringanimalwelfareandoverallhealth.Themeatproductisthefirstofitskindandwascreatedusingaspecific3D-bioprintingtechnologythatwasrecentlypatentedbythecompany.Inthefinalsteps,themusclecellsandfatcellsareturnedintomeat,readytobeprocessedintothefinalproduct,whetherit’saburger,steak,orevenameatloaf.IsraeliCompanyDevelops3DPrintedBeefIftherewereanawardforthefunniestcompanynameof2022,thenthe3Dprintedmeatcompany“Steakholder”wouldwinthataward.IsraelicompanySteakholderFoodsLtd.hasintroduceditsnewproduct,OmakaseBeefMorsels,whicharebioprintedwithculturedmeat.Thebitesareinspiredbytheworld-famousWagyubeef,famousforitsfatmarblingpatterns(大理石花紋)inthemeat,whichisalsoveryexpensive.Thecompanywasformedin2019andhasanofficeinIsraelandBelgium,andisnowexpandingitsoperationstotheUS.67Stakeholderusesstemcellsfromcattlefortheproductionofitsprintedbeef,andthemuscletissueandfatareprintedfromtwoseparatebio-inks.68Abitecanbemadejuicier,chewier,andthetastecanalsobealtered.Theprocessworksbyfirstselectingtheanimalstoextract(提取)thestemcellsfrom.Thecellsareselectedfromanimalsthatwillprovidethebestmeatandyield.Thenextstepisproliferation,inwhichthecellsareplacedintoanutrientrichreactortomultiply.Whenthecellsreachappropriatenumbers,thestemcellschangeintomusclecellsandfatcells.69“Thisproductmarksamajorstepforwardforusandfortheculturedmeatindustryingeneral,”saidArikKaufman,CEOofSteakholderFoods.“Itistheresultofalotofhardworkandourdesiretoachievethehighestlevelofmeatpossiblethroughbioprintingandcellcultureprocesses.”70Itspatentfor3D-bioprintingtechnologyistheresultofintensivecooperationbetweenits3Dprintingengineersandcellbiologists.“WeseeOmakaseBeefMorselsasthecombinationoffood,technologyandfineart,”Kaufmansaid.“Wewanttoinspirechefsaroundtheworldtocreatedeliciousmasterpiecesandunforgettablediningexperiences.”Sothereyouhaveit,guilt-freemeateatingmaybejustaroundthecorner.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

71.ChatbotsWhatifinsteadofclickingonlinkafterlinkonacompany’swebsite,youcouldtypeaquestionandgetanimmediate,customizedanswer?Somecompaniesareworkingtomakethisarealityusingchatbots.Chatbotsarecomputerprogramsthatcancommunicatewithhumanbeingsbyphone,onmessagingappsoronwebsites.Therearetwotypesofchatbots:openandclosed.Aclosedchatbotfollowsascript,whichmayormaynotinvolveusingAI(artificialintelligence)tounderstandusers’messages.AnopenchatbotusesAIbothtofigureoutwhatuserswantandtogenerateresponses.Openchatbotsareabletolearnfromtheirconversationsandthusimprovetheirabilitytocommunicateovertime.Thismeansthatopenchatbotscanrespondtoawiderrangeofinquiries,comparedwithclosedchatbots.Communicatingwiththemfeelsmorenatural,butiftheyhavenotbeencorrectlytrained,usersmayhaveabadexperiencewiththem.Onesignificantadvantageofchatbotsisthattheyareavailableallthetime,eveninthemiddleofthenight.Plus,asinglechatbotcancatertomultipleusersatonce.Thismeansthatuserscangetimmediateanswerstotheirquestionsratherthanwaitingforahumanrepresentative.Chatbotshavethepotentialtoovercomeseveraltechnologicalproblemspeopleface.Theseincludedifficultyinsearchingwebsitesandtroublefindingbasicinformationandanswerstosimplequestions.However,inorderforchatbotstowork,humansarestillindispensable(不可或缺的).Someo