高中英語 名詞性從句語法 練習(xí) 答 新人教版必修

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載名詞性從句【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】在句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞詞義功能that無詞義不作成分，只起連接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起連接作用what,which什么，哪個(gè)作主語、賓語、表語who,whom,whose誰，誰的作主語、賓語、定語when,where,how,why什么時(shí)候/地方，怎么樣，為什么作狀語howmany/much多少作定語howsoon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多長(zhǎng)，多么作狀語......詞義及功能同疑問詞whatever=anythingthat無論什么作主語、賓語、表語、定語whosever=anyonewhose無論誰的作主語、賓語、定語、表語whichever=anythingthat無論哪個(gè)作賓語、定語、主語、表語whoever=anyonewho無論誰作主語whomever=anyonewhom無論誰作賓語主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether；連接代詞what，who，which,whose，whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever等；連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1.it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你沒去看那場(chǎng)電影真是遺憾。Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.你成功與否對(duì)我沒有什么吸引力。2.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)1)Itis＋名詞＋從句Itisafactthat...事實(shí)是……Itisanhonorthat...非常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常識(shí)2)itis＋形容詞＋從句Itisnaturalthat...很自然……Itisstrangethat...奇怪的是……3)itis＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句Itseemsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……4)it＋過去分詞＋從句Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已證實(shí)……3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況1)if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。2)Itissaid，(reported)...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)據(jù)說江主席下周要來我校視察。ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)3)Ithappens...，Itoccurs...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)他考試沒及格。Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)他是不是錯(cuò)了，這一點(diǎn)不重要。Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(wrong)5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)傍晚有可能下雨嗎？4.what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語、表語，而that則不然。如：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.你昨天說的是對(duì)的。賓語從句賓語從句是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether，if等，連接代詞which,what，who，whom,whose，whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever,等，連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that通?？梢允÷裕?如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.我聽說他參軍了。2)由what，whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么事。3)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她跟我說她愿意接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2.作介詞的賓語，如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我們的成功取決于我們的合作情況。3.作形容詞的賓語，如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕是犯錯(cuò)了?！咎貏e提示】that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content等。也可以將此類詞后的that從句看作原因狀語從句。4.it可以作為形式賓語it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而把真正的賓語that從句放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我們聽說她打算下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。【特別提示1】1．賓語從句的語序在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如：①Heaskedmewhenwecouldsetoutthenextday．他問我第二天什么時(shí)候可以出發(fā)。2．賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，其賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。如：shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk．她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。(從句是一般將來時(shí))Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei．她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去式時(shí)，其賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時(shí)態(tài)。如：Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon．他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時(shí))Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby．他說他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時(shí))(3)當(dāng)賓語從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit．老師告訴我們世上無難事，只怕有心人。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound．他說光比聲音傳播得快?！咎貏e提示2】在使用賓語從句時(shí)需要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：(1)動(dòng)詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置。如：Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday．我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，takeforgranted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認(rèn)為”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語和seeto表示“注意，留意”后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood．我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。Whenyoustarttheengine，youmustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral．啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。(3)介詞后的賓語從句。如：Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers．她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be，look，remain，seem等。常由連接詞that，whether；because,asif/though連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；連接副詞when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)。另外，常用的還有Thereasonisthat...和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。如：【特別提示】(1)as/asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor．聽上去好像有人在敲門。(2)當(dāng)主句的主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，這種用法常見于句型Thereasonwhy…isthat…。如：Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate．他來得晚是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹?。Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.問題是我們能否在那么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)作好充分的準(zhǔn)備。Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.這就是我們?yōu)槭裁吹貌坏饺嗣裰С值脑?。同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有:that,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why等。連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，that無詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如：TheyexpressedthehopethatwewouldgoandvisitShanghaiagain．他們表示希望我們?cè)偃ピL問上海。ThestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookWasworthreading．Ihavenoideawhyhewasexcitedatthattime．我不知道當(dāng)時(shí)他激動(dòng)的原因。1.同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他從瑪麗那里得知運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)要延期舉行。2.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。如：ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）考點(diǎn)詮釋名詞性從句需要注意的事項(xiàng)1．that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略；在賓語從句中有時(shí)可以省略，一般需要注意下面兩點(diǎn)：(1)當(dāng)that從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。如：Theysharelittleincommonexceptthattheyarefromthesamecountry．除了來自同一個(gè)國家之外，他們幾乎沒有共同點(diǎn)。(2)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that，其他的不省略。如：Ibelieve(that)you’vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove．我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，而且情況也會(huì)得到改善。2．that與what的區(qū)別;that在從句中不能夠充當(dāng)句子成分，也沒有含義；what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語，意思是”什么，……的事情”。如：Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet．他會(huì)康復(fù)的希望沒有消失。(that不充當(dāng)成分，也無含義)Whathesaidprovedtobetrue．他所說的話證明是正確的。(what作said的賓語，可以翻譯為“……的話”)3.用whether不用if的情況：1）在表語從句和同位語從句中只能用whether不能用if;2）當(dāng)主語從句放在句首時(shí)，只能用whether不能用if;3）discuss后接表示“是否”的賓語從句是，必須用whether，不能if4）介詞后的賓語從句只能用whether不能用if；Whetherthemeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.(主從句位于句首)Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifhewillcomehere.(主從句位于句尾)Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.(表語從句)Ihavenoideawhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.(同位語從句)Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.(介詞后)【典型例題】1(典型例題)Marywroteanarticleon__theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that2(典型例題)Acomputercanonlydo__youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.whe3.(典型例題)__madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What,becauseB.What,thatC.That,whatD.That,because4.(典型例題)Hisabilityhasneverbeenindoubt—thequestionisheispreparedtoworkhard.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.where5.(典型例題)Hecan’tanswerthequestionhegotthemoney.A.whatB.thatC.howD.where答案：1-5ACBAC同步訓(xùn)練：1Theteacherdemandedthatourexaminationpaperhandedinatonce.A.beB.mustbeC.wouldbeD.hadtobe2Weallagreewithhimon__hesaid.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how3Wemustdowell__thepartyassignsustodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.those4Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.whateverD.wherever5I’msorry__yourmotherisiii.A.whomB.ifC.thatD.how6Wethinkitimportant__weshouldkeepthebalanceofnature.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.which7Ihope__happywhileyouarehere.A.youtobeB.foryourbeingC.youwillbeD.youbeing8Weallknowthenewshetoldher.A.towhichB./C.whatD.atthat9Wordhascome__someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.when10Thingswerenot__theyseemedtobe.A.whatB.becauseC.thatD.where11Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken12ThereasonIplantogois__ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointedC.becauseshewillbedisappointedD.onaccountofshewillhaveadisappointed13theoldman’ssonswantedtoknowwas__thegoldhadbeenhidden.A.That;whatB.What;whereC.What;thatD.What;if14__knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho15Itworriedherabit__herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for16isknowntoallthatWTOstandsforWorldTradeOrganization.A.WhichB.WhatC.AsD.It17Thefactsheworkshardiswellknowntous.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which18Themountainisnolonger__itusedtobe.A.whichB.thatC.asD.what19Weknowlittleabouttheyoungladyexcept__youtoldme.A.whatB.thatC.howD./20__provesthatmyadviceisright.A.ItwillhappenthatB.ThathashappenedC.WhathashappenedD.Whenithappened1-5AABBC6-10BCBBA11-15CBBBB16-20DADA，C高考鏈接20XX年高考題1（2011北京卷）22.__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom2（2011北京卷）31.Theshockingnewsmadmerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.what B.how C.that D.why3(2011上海卷)35.Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain. A.what B.if C.how D.that4(2011上海卷)38.Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_____othersactuallyunderstand. A.why B.that C.which D.what5（2011山東卷）26.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why6（2011山東卷）33.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit. A.where B.what C.whether D.which7（2011江西卷）26.Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.this B.that C.what D.which答案：1-7BADDDCC20XX年高考題1.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,37)Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow______.A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisenteringC.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering2.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,36)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis______shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why3.(2010高考英語重慶卷,25)Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestions______hadusedtheproducts.A.whatever B.who C.whichever D.which4.(2010高考英語浙江卷,9)Itisuncertain______sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A．that B．what C．how D．whether5.(2010高考英語浙江卷,1)—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?—OK,______youwant.A．whicheverB．however C．whatever D．whoever6.(2010高考英語天津卷,14)Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow______ittakestostartabusinesshere.A.howB.whatC.WhenD.which7.(2010高考英語四川卷,14)Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives．A．whatB．whoC．howD．why8.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,38)Thereisnoobviousevidence______thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.A．which B．that C．how D．where9.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,33)Tinawashesitationaboutthejobofferasshedidnotknow______thecompanywasanestablishedone. A．whether B．what C．until D．a(chǎn)lthough10.(2010高考英語陜西卷,18)Itneveroccurredtome_______youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if11.(2010高考英語山東卷,25)Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof________mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which12.(2010高考英語遼寧卷,34)—It’snousehavingideasonly.—Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou_______toturnanideaintoanact.A.howB.whoC.whatD.where13.(20