高中語法講解與練習(xí)之時(shí)態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高中語法講解練習(xí)之時(shí)態(tài)一、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

1）

及物動(dòng)詞

a.動(dòng)詞后要求有賓語，否則意思不完整的動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞可有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

1．

She

studies

English

very

hard.

2．

I

always

review

my

lessons

in

the

evening.

b.

及物動(dòng)詞的另兩種結(jié)構(gòu)

及物動(dòng)詞中有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞要求一個(gè)賓語（直接賓語）外，還要求有一個(gè)賓語（間接賓語），才使句意完整。第一類動(dòng)詞有：leave,

show,

bring,

lend,

teach,

give,

tell,

hand,

write等。

I’ll

tell

you

a

story

about

Leifeng.

還有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞要求一個(gè)賓語外，還要求有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語來使句意完整。第一類動(dòng)詞有：name,

call,

get,

have,

find,

turn,

think,

consider等。

They

call

him

Lao

Wang2)

不及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞指不可帶賓語的動(dòng)詞，也不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1.

The

sun

rises

in

the

east.

2.

He

came

last

month.

3.

They

go

to

school

every

day.

3)連系動(dòng)詞

連系動(dòng)詞只起連系作用，雖有詞義但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，后必須加表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。

常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：

appear,

become,

fall,

feel,

get,

go,

grow,

keep,

look,

remain,

seem,

smell,

sound,

stay,

taste,

turn等。

1.

She

felt

a

bit

tired.

2.

He

kept

silent

at

the

meeting.

注：連系動(dòng)詞不可與副詞連用。

二、概說：英語一共有十六個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)（8種基本時(shí)態(tài)+8種合成時(shí)態(tài)）如下:（以”write”為例）一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在Write，writesAm/is/are+writingHave/has+writtenHave/has+beenwriting過去WroteWas/were+writingHad+writtenHad+beenwriting將來Shall/will+writeShall/will+bewritingShall/will+havewrittenShall/will+havebeenwriting過去將來Should/would+writeShould/would+writtenShould/would+havewrittenShould/would+havebeenwriting三、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)簡述（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①表示客觀事實(shí)、客觀規(guī)律和客觀真理諺語格言等（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）Hesaidthattheearthturnsroundthesun.②表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,與everyday,usually,onceaweek等時(shí)間狀語連用。Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.③表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belongseem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.④在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。注意，此時(shí)，主句用將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來。Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.IwillwritetoherwhenIhavetime.Doyouknowwhenhe_willcome_(come)back?Whenhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.Iwonderifhe_willcome_(come)backtonight.⑤少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.例1．

—What

would

you

do

if

it

________

tomorrow?

—We

have

to

carry

it

on,

since

we've

got

everything

ready.

A.

rain

B.

rains

C.

will

rain

D.

is

raining

點(diǎn)撥：B

在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來意義，所以選擇rains。

例2.Nowadays,

a

large

number

of

women,

especially

those

from

the

countryside,

________

in

the

clothing

industry.

(遼寧)

is

working

B.

works

C.

work

D.

worked

點(diǎn)撥：C本題測試動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致，主語是women，又有Nowadays，故選C項(xiàng)work，A項(xiàng)如果改成are

working也是正確答案。（2）一般過去時(shí)①一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如：Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.Theyneverdrankwine.表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣②表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.例1．

—If

the

traffic

hadn’t

been

so

heavy,

I

could

have

been

back

by

6

o’clock.

—What

a

pity!

Tina

________

here

to

see

you.

(2005湖南)

A.

is

B.

was

C.

would

be

D.

has

been

點(diǎn)撥：B

表示“Tina曾經(jīng)來過這兒看你”(Tina現(xiàn)已離開)要用一般過去時(shí)。

例2

.—Did

you

tidy

your

room?

—No,

I

was

going

to

tidy

my

room

but

I

________

visitors.

(2007上海)A.

had

B.

have

C.

have

had

D.

will

have

點(diǎn)撥：A

下劃線處應(yīng)客觀描述過去行為，表明“不速之客來訪”這一過去的事實(shí)，由此直接排除選項(xiàng)B、C、D而選出A。（3）一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)的5種表達(dá)形式(1)“will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”：將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀況，也可表示“預(yù)見”（帶有說話人的主觀態(tài)度和看法）。Willyoubebusytonight?Youwillfeelbetteraftertakingthismedicine.(2)有兩種意義，一是表示“意圖”，即打算在將來做某事；二是表示“預(yù)見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某種情況。Thewallisgoingtobepaintedsoon.Georgeisputtingonweight.He’sgoingtobequitefat.Lookatthedarkcloudsoverthere.It’sgoingtorain.有兩種含義：一是表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常可與“be+v.-ing”交換使用，“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”較正式;二是表示義務(wù)、應(yīng)該（相當(dāng)于should)?！锟捎糜趇f條件句表示打算、想要。IamtohaveteawithBettythisafternoon.You’retoanswerforwhatyou’vedone.★Ifyouaretosucceed,you’dbetterworkhard.(4)既定的時(shí)間如生日、日歷、課時(shí)安排、交通時(shí)刻表等，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。Theplanetakesoffat5:30a.m.ThenewschoolyearbeginsonSeptember1.Takeyourseat.Themeetingisabouttobegin.Iwasabouttogotobedwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.★“will+動(dòng)詞原形”有時(shí)還可以表示一種傾向性或慣性的動(dòng)作。Oilwillfloatonwater.Thismachinewon’twork.(won’可以用來表示“不能，沒法”，表示主體不具有某種功能)What’sthematterwiththepen?Theinkwon’tcomeout.例1．.

—How

can

I

apply

for

an

online

course?

—Just

fill

out

this

form

and

we

________

what

we

can

do

for

you.

see

B.

are

seeing

C.

have

seen

D.

will

see

點(diǎn)撥：D

下劃線處表示的行為是fill

out

this

form之后將要發(fā)生的行為，應(yīng)選用表示一般將來時(shí)的will

see。

例2．—

Your

job

________

open

for

your

return.

—

Thanks.

will

be

kept

B.

will

keep

C.

had

kept

D.

had

been

kept

點(diǎn)撥A

表示將來的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，應(yīng)排除選項(xiàng)C、D；又由于下劃線處還必須表示出被動(dòng)的含義，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步排除B而選A。（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（主語﹢be﹢現(xiàn)在分詞）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法注意點(diǎn):（1）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行），強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性和未完成性—短暫的事實(shí)；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的長久性或反復(fù)性。Heworksinachemicalfactory.Heisworkinginachemicalfactorythesedays.Idon’tworkhere,I’mjusthelpinguntilthesecretarycomesback.(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,constantly,continually,allthetime,allalong,等頻度狀語連用，對現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、驚訝、厭煩、不滿等。Sheisalwaysborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopaymeback.Youarecontinuallyfindingfaultswithme.(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示委婉口氣，常與hope,wonder等連用。I’mhopingthatyou’llgivemesomeadvice.I’mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.注意：下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。（C）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。（D）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。例1.

Since

I

won

the

big

prize,

my

telephone

hasn't

stopped

ringing.

People

________to

ask

how

I

am

going

to

spend

the

money.

(2005湖南)

phone

B.

will

phone

C.

were

phoning

D.

are

phoning

點(diǎn)撥：D

題干句意為：自從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，我的電話就沒停過，人們都在打電話問我打算怎么花那筆錢?！按螂娫挕笔乾F(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例2.

Listen

to

the

two

girls

by

the

window.

What

language

________?

A.

did

they

speak

B.

were

they

speaking

C.

are

they

speaking

D.

have

they

been

speaking

點(diǎn)撥：

C

本題測試動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由Listen

to

the

two

girls

by

the

window.

(請聽窗邊那兩個(gè)女孩的談話)。可以判斷，句子描述的是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。（主語﹢have/has﹢動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法注意點(diǎn)：(1)兩種意義的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)a.持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）；時(shí)間狀語：表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語，如lately,recently，uptonow，sofar，thesedays,in/over/duringthelast/pasttendays/months/years,etc.Ihaven’thadenoughsleeplately.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepasttwentyyearsinChina.b.對現(xiàn)在有影響；時(shí)間狀語：already,just,ever,never,before,notyet,etc.Haveyoueverfoundouthertelephonenumber?(2)havebeentoVShavegonetoHavebeento表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在人在說話的現(xiàn)場，而havegoneto表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場。IhavebeentoBeijingforthreetimes.我曾經(jīng)去過北京三次。ShehasgonetoBeijing.她去北京了。注意：①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for、since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。②下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成時(shí)This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成時(shí)This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that從句+完成時(shí)ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoBeijing.ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadcometoBeijing.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.例1．

Danny

________

hard

for

long

to

realize

his

dream

and

now

he

is

popular.

works

B.

is

working

C.

has

worked

D.

worked

點(diǎn)撥：

C

下劃線處要表示現(xiàn)在廣受歡迎的Danny從過去至今一直為實(shí)現(xiàn)具夢想努力工作，選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)最為貼切。

例2．

The

country

life

he

was

used

to

________

greatly

sincel992.

(2005山東)

change

B.

has

changed

C.

changing

D.

have

changed

點(diǎn)撥：

B

本題中be

used

to的賓語為the

country

life(考生很容易誤選A或C，誤解為be

used

to

doing或be

used

to

do),

he

was

used

to為定語從句，修飾the

country

life，下劃線處應(yīng)為主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。因主語為the

country

life，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選用has

changed。

例3．

We

________

our

new

neighbors

yet,

so

we

don't

know

their

names.

don't

meet

B.

won't

meet

C.

haven't

met

D.

hadn't

met

點(diǎn)撥：

C題眼是yet這個(gè)單詞，是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞之一，并且題干中提到“現(xiàn)在不知道他們的名字”，所以應(yīng)選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。（6）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（主語﹢have/hasbeen﹢動(dòng)詞–ing）①表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandsyears.中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）①表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.我們應(yīng)經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了（人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會(huì)繼續(xù)等下去）.例1．

He

________

articles

for

newspapers

and

magazines

these

three

years,

and

he

________

30

articles.

has

written；

has

written

B.

has

been

writing；

wroteC.

is

writing；

has

been

writing

D.

has

been

writing；

has

written

點(diǎn)撥：

D

has

been

writing“一直在寫”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作不間斷；has

written“已經(jīng)寫好”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果

例2．—Have

you

had

any

letters

from

your

aunt?

—NO.

I

haven't,

but

my

sister

________

her

regularly.

A.

has

heard

from

B.

had

heard

from

C.

has

been

hearing

from

D.

will

have

heard

點(diǎn)撥：

C

regularly“定期地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的不間斷

例3．By

the

time

the

tour

ends,

the

football

team

________

twenty

matches

in

five

countries.

A.

will

play

B.

will

have

played

C.

will

be

playing

D.

will

have

been

playing

點(diǎn)撥：

B

by

the

time

the

tour

ends指“到將來某時(shí)旅行結(jié)束時(shí)”；will

have

played

twenty

matches“將打了二十場比賽”，將來完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。

例4．By

the

time

Jane

gets

home,

her

aunt

________

for

London

to

attend

a

meeting.

(05天津11)

will

leave

B.

leaves

C.

will

have

left

D.

left

點(diǎn)撥：

C

主句leave發(fā)生在從句gets(將來)之前，應(yīng)用將來完成時(shí)。（7）過去完成時(shí)(主語﹢had﹢過去分詞)1.表示“過去的過去”，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有明顯的先后關(guān)系。Hetoldmethathehadmadegreatprogresssincehecamehere.Tomreturnedbyplane,buthismotherhadalreadydied.2.在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.Theconcerthadbeenonfortwentyminutesbythetimewegotthere.3.動(dòng)詞expect,hope,intend,mean,plan,suppose,think,want,wish等動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)表示過去本來打算、希望、計(jì)劃作而未做的事。表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/Ihadintendedtoattendtheparty,butwasstoppedbytheheavyrain.4.用在表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型中：Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,Hardly/Nosooner+主語+過去分詞+when/than/+一般過去時(shí)。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.Hardlyhadthethiefseenthepolicewhenheranaway.5.“時(shí)間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.例1．John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe________forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned點(diǎn)撥：D應(yīng)選用過去完成時(shí)，表示“婚禮之前的計(jì)劃”這一“過去的過去”的活動(dòng)。例2．Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,they________toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A.didn'tspeakB.hadn'tspokenC.haven'tspokenD.haven'tbeenspeaking點(diǎn)撥：

B

題干的句子表示“到他們再次變?yōu)榕笥涯翘鞛橹?，他們幾乎兩年沒有說過話”，這里的“沒有說過活”發(fā)生于“那天他們再次變?yōu)榕笥选边@一過去行為的過去，下劃線處應(yīng)選用過去完成時(shí)。（8）將來完成時(shí)：will/shall+have+過去分詞，用于第一人稱，will+have+過去分詞用于其他人稱。表示將來某一時(shí)刻之前已完成的動(dòng)作。Bytheendofnextmonthwewillhavelearnt1000words.（9）將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall/will+be+現(xiàn)在分詞"，表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Whatwillyoubedoing(ateight)nextweek?Iwon’tbefreeFridaymorning.I’llbeseeingafriendoff.（10）注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成，側(cè)重結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)時(shí)既可表示動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束，也可表示動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去，側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成的含義。Theyhaverepairedtheroad.(表示路已修好)Theyhavebeenrepairingtheroad.（表示路還在修）Thepolicehavebeenlookingintothematter,buttheyhaven’tdrawnaconclusionyet.2.一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較(1)一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，側(cè)重動(dòng)作已完成；而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在持續(xù)，并未完成。Lastyear,hewroteabook.Lastyear,hewaswritingabook,buthasn’tfinishedtillnow.一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過程之中時(shí)，通常表示較短的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)，表示較長的動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。They

were

always

quarreling.

他們老是吵嘴。

My

little

brother

was

continually

asking

questions.

我弟弟老是問東問西的。

(3).

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法2注意

a.

常與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：

at

that

time當(dāng)時(shí)at

five

yesterday昨天五點(diǎn)

then那時(shí)

this

time

yesterday昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候

the

whole

morning整個(gè)上午last

night昨晚

b.

表示禮貌

有時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)并不表示過去的時(shí)間，而表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的客氣、禮貌或不確定。此類動(dòng)詞主要有hope,

wonder,

think,

expect等。如：

I

was

wondering

if

we

could

have

dinner

together.

不知我們能否在一起吃晚飯。

I

was

hoping

that

you

could

help

me.

真希望你能幫我。

I

was

thinking

maybe

he

could

go

by

taxi.

我當(dāng)時(shí)在想或許他可以坐出租車去。

例1．—Did

you

see

a

man

in

black

pass

by

just

now?

—No,

sir.

I

________

a

newspaper.

read

B.

was

reading

C.

would

read

D.

am

reading

點(diǎn)撥：

B

與前面表示“剛剛”的just

now對應(yīng)，下劃線處應(yīng)選川過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示剛才正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)例2．.

—I

saw

Jane

and

her

boyfriend

in

the

park

at

eight

yesterday

evening.

—Impossible.

She

________

TV

with

me

in

my

home

then.

watched

B.

had

watched

C.

would

watch

D.

was

watching

點(diǎn)撥：

D

表示Jane昨晚八點(diǎn)正在做某事，應(yīng)選用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間沒有聯(lián)系，可和表示確切過去的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生過的某動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示確切的過去時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語連用。(1)Shehaspromisedtohelpme.Lastweekshepromisedtohelpme.(2)Hehasbeencaughtbythepolice.Hewascaughtbythepoliceatarestaurant.(3)Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinafortenyears.Mr.BlacklivedinChinafor3yearsinthe1990s.4.過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作（“連謂”）形式則只用一般過去時(shí)即可。Hecameuptothedoorofthehouse,stoodforawhileandthenenteredit.（11）固定句式或結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)1.This/Itisthefirst/secondtime＋that從句。that從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如把is改為was，則從句中用過去完成時(shí)。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.2．Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句。since從句中用一般過去時(shí)。如把is改為was，則從句中用過去完成時(shí)。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincewehavehadsuchawonderfultime.3．was/wereabouttodo...when...意為“將要做……(這時(shí))突然……”。Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.真題例析1.Planingsofarahead______nosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade2.Iwasn’tsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhe______polite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe3.WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshe______there.A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain4.Ifyoudon'tlikethedrinkyou______justleaveitandtryadifferentone.A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered5.Experimentsofthiskind______inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted6.Tom______inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking7.——Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.——Yeah,it______usawholeweektogetthere.A.TakesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking8.——BobhasgonetoCalifornia.——Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe______?A.hasleftB.LeftC.isleavingD.wouldleave9.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms______allovertheworld.A.haveproducedB.havebeenpro