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第一講謂語動詞一動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標(biāo)●單句語法填空1.[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]Asalittlegirl,I________(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.2.[2023·全國乙卷]Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,________(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.3.[2023·北京卷]Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest________(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.4.[2023·北京卷]Uptonow,China________(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.5.[2022·全國甲卷]Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinentsandin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain.6.[2021·全國甲卷]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostpletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).7.[2021·浙江6月卷]Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,________(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.8.[2020·北京卷]TheNeanderthals________(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.●考點(diǎn)研析/破重點(diǎn)·析疑難·精準(zhǔn)清障●考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時是近幾年語法填空必考的語法項(xiàng)目,而且考查的均是最基本的用法。(一)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:do/does(下面所有的謂語動詞的構(gòu)成皆以do為例)2.基本用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性的動作常與usually,always,often,sometimes,never,everyday等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。OnMondaymorningitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetowork.星期一早晨,我通?;ㄙM(fèi)一小時開車去上班。(2)表示客觀真理、格言或者警句等表示客觀真理時,即使主句是一般過去時,賓語從句還要用一般現(xiàn)在時。Asweallknow,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.眾所周知,地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(3)表示按規(guī)定、時間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作謂語動詞是e,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,live,fly等,可以用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來發(fā)生的動作。Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30amandendsat3:30pm.我理想的學(xué)校上午8:30上課,下午3:30放學(xué)。(4)在時間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時Ifyouethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.如果你今天下午過來,我們將開個會。(二)一般過去時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:did2.基本用法(1)表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示具體的過去時間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastmonth,justnow,theotherday,threedaysago,in1989等。TheotherdayIcameacrossanoldfriendonthetopofMountTai.前幾天,我在泰山頂上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。(2)在時間、條件等狀語從句中,常用一般過去時代替過去將來時。Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutthenewsassoonashemether.他說他一見到她就把這個消息告訴她。(3)表達(dá)“原以為/本來認(rèn)為/原希望”等意義時,know,think,expect等動詞常用一般過去時。Muchtomydisappointment,thefilmisnotasmovingasIexpected.使我非常失望的是,這部電影不像我原來預(yù)想的那樣感人。(4)常見句型:①Itistimethatsb.didsth.該到……的時候了②Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since...didsth.自從做某事以來已經(jīng)一段時間了③would/hadrathersb.didsth.寧愿某人做某事Itistimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.該到我們采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境的時候了。AsfarasIknow,itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.據(jù)我所知,他參軍三年了。(5)句中暗含有表示過去的時間狀語Georgesaidthathewouldetoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't.喬治說他會在第二天來學(xué)校看我,但是他沒有來。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.[2023·全國乙卷]Thecolorshe________(choose)cameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawomanwhosehaircolorlookedjustperfect.2.[2023·全國乙卷]Sheputthenewcoloronherhairandsatstillfor30minutes,justasthedirections________(say).3.[2022·浙江6月卷]Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci'sMonaLisahe________(notice)hersmilerightaway.4.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Hequickly________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.5.[2022·北京卷]Eventually,theman________(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!6.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”考點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時與將來進(jìn)行時(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:amisare2.基本用法(1)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與時間狀語now,atthemoment,atpresent等連用。HeiswatchingafootballmatchonTVathomenow.他現(xiàn)在正在家里看電視上的足球賽。(2)一些特定的表示動作趨向性的短暫性動詞e,go,leave,get,start,open,arrive,begin,return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來。IamleavingforShanghaitoattendanimportantinternationalmeeting.我要出發(fā)去上海參加一個重要的國際會議。(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)與頻率副詞always,constantly連用,表達(dá)某種感情色彩,如不滿、厭惡、贊賞等。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達(dá)出不滿的情緒)(二)過去進(jìn)行時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:waswere+2.基本用法(1)過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。Hewasplayingbasketballwithhisfriendsontheplaygroundat3:00pmyesterday.昨天下午3點(diǎn)他正在操場與他的朋友們一起打籃球。(2)表示過去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作,此用法常見動詞有g(shù)o,begin,leave,arrive,e,return等。Iwasingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.我本打算那天晚些時候去看你,但是我不得不打取消了。(3)過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)與頻率副詞always、constantly等連詞,表達(dá)某種感情色彩。如不滿、厭惡、贊賞等。Hewasalwaysplayingtricksonmeathighschool.上高中時,他總是捉弄我。(三)將來進(jìn)行時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:willbedoing2.基本用法表示將來某個時間正在進(jìn)行的動作,或按預(yù)測將來會發(fā)生的事情。ThistimenextweekI'llbelyingonthebeach,enjoyingthesunshine.下星期這個時候,我正躺在海灘上,享受著陽光。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Henry________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.2.[2021·天津3月卷]Currently,about35,000works________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.3.Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshe________(teach)aclassatthattime.考點(diǎn)三完成時態(tài)(一)現(xiàn)在完成時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:havehas+2.基本用法(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常用的時間狀語:already,sofar,never,just,before,recently,foralongtime,in/overthepast/last/recentfewyears等。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.在過去的10年中我們的城市發(fā)生了很大變化。(2)表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài),常與“since+時間點(diǎn)”或“for+時間段”等表示一段時間的狀語連用。Hemovedherein2019andhehaslivedhereeversince.他2019年搬到這里,自那之后他一直住在這里。(3)現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時完成的動作。Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.當(dāng)你讀完這本書,請歸還給我?!久麕熤附颉?1)注意牢記以下固定句型:①Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since...表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”。Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.我大學(xué)畢業(yè)已十年了。②This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third...timethat...表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”,that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次游覽這座城市。③Thisis+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+that...結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。(2)注意避免思維定式:一看到for+時間段,就用動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。一定要看語境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動作曾經(jīng)做過多長時間”(一般過去時),還是“該動作已經(jīng)做完多長時間”(現(xiàn)在完成時)。YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.楊振寧在美國定居多年,現(xiàn)在他生活在中國。DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.大山在中國住了許多年。(二)過去完成時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:had+done2.基本用法(1)完成過云時表示在過去某一時間之前動作已經(jīng)完成即表示“過去的過去”,常見的時間狀語有by...,until...,when...,before...等。WhenhewasinBeijing,hevisitedtheplaceswherehehadplayedasachild.他在北京的時候游覽了他兒時曾玩過的地方。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadalreadygraduatedfromcollege.杰克從英國回到家時,他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。(2)表示意向的動詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過去完成時表示“原本……(事實(shí)上未能……)”。Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.我們原來預(yù)料你們能夠贏比賽。(3)表示一個過去的動作先于另一過去的動作發(fā)生,這種情況多見于賓語從句。Herememberedthathehadleftthekeyathome.他記得他把鑰匙落家了。(4)過去完成時的常用句型①Itwasthefirst/second...timethat...這是第一/第二……次……Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.這是那個男孩第三次遲到了。②hadhardlydone...when剛……就……;hadnosoonerdone...than一……就……。如:Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.我剛打開門,他就打了我。Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。(三)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:hashavebeen+2.基本用法(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個時間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動作。Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.幾天以來,孩子們一直在找我們能夠幫助的其他人。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning,butthere'snoanswer.今天早晨我一直給他打了很多,但是沒人接。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.[2022·北京卷]Theuseofthoseplastics________(increase)by300%since2019.2.[2022·浙江1月卷]OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.3.[2021·北京卷]There________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.4.[2024·重慶市高三模擬]SwimmerZhangYufei________(bee)ahouseholdnameinChinaeversinceher200mbutterflygoldattheTokyoOlympics.考點(diǎn)四一般將來時和過去將來時(一)一般將來時1.表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)常用以下四種結(jié)構(gòu)(1)will/shall+動詞原形(2)begoingto+動詞原形(3)beto+動詞原形(4)beabouttodosth.2.基本用法(1)一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),即單純的將來事實(shí)。HewillgraduatefromBeijingUniversitynextyear.明年,他將畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)。(2)begoingtodosth.表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。Lookatthecloud.Itisgoingtorain.瞧那烏云,天要下雨了。(3)betodosth.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事,或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.當(dāng)我們?nèi)D書館時,我們要遵守這些規(guī)章制度。(4)beabouttodosth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時間狀語連用。Thetrainisabouttoleave.火車即將開出。(二)過去將來時1.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成:woulddosth.2.基本用法:過去將來時表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。即過去將來時是“立足過去,著眼未來”的一種時態(tài),常用于賓語從句中。Theshopwouldsoonclose,andallthepeoplewouldgohome.這個商店不久將關(guān)閉,所有的人將回家。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.[2023·北京卷]SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I________(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.2.Ifyouareabletoewithus,pleaseletusknowandwe________(wait)foryouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.3.Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile,“Gotoexerciseandyou________(feel)better.”考點(diǎn)五語態(tài)1.被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的運(yùn)用時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone一般過去時was/weredone一般將來時shall/willbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeendone過去完成時hadbeendone將來完成時shall/willhavebeendoneTomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.使我高興的是,我從成百上千申請參加開幕儀式的人員中當(dāng)選。2.不能用被動語態(tài)的特殊動詞(1)系動詞類(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear等)。Thedishtastednice.這道菜嘗起來很美味。(2)表示主語特征的動詞(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等),常與not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副詞連用。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布料容易洗。3.get構(gòu)成的表示被動的短語此類短語主要有g(shù)etpaid/lost/hurt等。Wegetpaideveryweek.我們按周獲得薪酬。4.主動形式表示被動意義(1)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等動詞、worth等形容詞的后面,動名詞主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這房子需要修理。(2)在某些“主語(人/物)+be+形容詞+不定式”中不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這道題很難計(jì)算出。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.[2023·全國甲卷]Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2.[2022·浙江1月卷]Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.3.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]TheGPNP________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.4.[2021·全國甲卷]It________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).5.[2020·全國卷Ⅲ]Theartistwassurehewould________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.二主謂一致●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標(biāo)●單句語法填空1.[2023·全國甲卷]Intheevening,whenItakethewalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsects________(bee)moremeaningfultome.2.[2023·全國乙卷]Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.3.[2022·浙江1月卷]ButCobbandothers________(be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,andchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.4.[2022·北京卷]Gasnaturally________(have)norecognizablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.5.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.6.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.7.[2021·浙江卷1月]Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson'sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquaredandaBMIofbetween19and25________(consider)healthy.8.[2020·全國卷Ⅱ]Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers________(carry)specialsignificance.●考點(diǎn)研析/破重點(diǎn)·析疑難·精準(zhǔn)清障●考點(diǎn)一主謂一致的基礎(chǔ)“3原則”主謂一致是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致,一般遵循三個原則,即語法一致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。1.語法一致原則:主語后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等連接的主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。TheleaderandartistaswellassomeofourEnglishteacherswasgivenachancetogoabroadlastyear.那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼藝術(shù)家和我們的一些英語老師去年得到了一次出國的機(jī)會。IthinkTom,ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。2.就近一致原則(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。(2)由there、here引起的主語不止一個時,謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。3.意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分作主語,指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.這位詩人兼作家寫出了許多作品。(2)“no/each/every/manya+單數(shù)名詞+and+no/each/every/manya+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一個人都有很好的理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。(3)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽音樂使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.[2024·山西省萍鄉(xiāng)市高三模擬]Thevideo________(post)bytheresearchersonsocialmediaplatformsonOct7andimmediatelybecameatrendingtopiconline.2.[2020·新高考Ⅱ卷]Becausethenumberofpossibletopics________(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.3.However,thankstotheinternationalagreement,there________(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1990.4.Aredrose,ratherthanyellowroses,________(act)asthetraditionalromanticgiftgiventoyourloveonValentine'sDay.5.Furthermore,theamountofsleep________(change)greatlyoverthepast15years. 考點(diǎn)二主謂一致的3種特殊情況1.“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過程。2.a(chǎn)ll,therest,theremaining/part...+主語,謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasdull.講座的前半部分很生動,但后半部分非常枯燥。3.“幾分之幾/百分之幾+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,一般根據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.Morethanonedoctor________(be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.2.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________(have)passedtheexams.三助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標(biāo)●單句語法填空1.[2021·天津卷]Itusedtobethatyou________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.2.[2020·天津卷]Jimsayswe________stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.3.[浙江卷]Therewasnooneelseintheclassroom,sohe________(do)itbyhimself.4.[2022·浙江6月卷]Buthowcanapainting________(appreciate)bysomeonewho'sblind?5.[天津卷]Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey________(acplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.6.[北京卷]Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI________(have)asecondchancetobeemoreinvolved.●考點(diǎn)研析/破重點(diǎn)·析疑難·精準(zhǔn)清障●考點(diǎn)一助動詞1.助動詞do/does/did主要幫助構(gòu)成疑問句、否定句及部分倒裝。助動詞do/does/did后只能跟動詞原形,助動詞不能用作實(shí)義動詞。2.助動詞be/being/been主要幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時、完成進(jìn)行時和各種被動語態(tài)。需注意be雖然沒有實(shí)際意義,但卻是結(jié)構(gòu)中不可缺少的。3.助動詞have/has/had主要是幫助構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。需注意其構(gòu)成形式have/has/haddone和have/has/hadbeendoing。IamLiHua,astudentfromClass2,Grade3.Iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionasastudentvolunteer.我是李華,三年級二班的一名學(xué)生。我寫信申請學(xué)生志愿者職位。Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek.這是你這周第三次上班遲到。考點(diǎn)二9大情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1.can/could(1)表示能力(could常用于過去的能力)。Manypeoplecanusetheputer.許多人會用電腦。Noonecouldanswerthischallengingquestion.沒人能回答這個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。(2)表示客觀或理論上的可能性。Itcanbeveryhothereinsummer.這里夏天可能會很熱。Accidentscanhappentoanydrunkendriver.醉酒的司機(jī)都有可能發(fā)生交通事故。(3)表示請求或允許。在疑問句中could可以代替can,語氣更委婉。CanIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.我可以和你談?wù)剢??不會花很多時間的。(4)表示推測,意為“可能”,用于否定句和疑問句。can比could語氣強(qiáng)。Hecan'tbeourmanager.HehasgonetoBeijing.他不可能是我們的經(jīng)理。我們經(jīng)理已經(jīng)去北京了。2.may/might(1)表示請求、允許、許可,might比may的語氣更委婉?!狹ightIaskforapictureofyourlittledaughter?——我可以要一張你小女兒的照片嗎?—Yes,youmay.——是的,可以。(2)表示推測,意為“或許,可能”,通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may語氣弱?!狪don'treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?——我真的不喜歡詹姆斯。為什么你邀請他?—Don'tworry.Hemightnote.Hesaidhewasn'tcertainwhathisplanswere.——別擔(dān)心,他或許不會來。他說他還不能確定到底來不來。3.must(1)表示“必須;應(yīng)該”?!猄hallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?——我該馬上通知他日程改了嗎?—Iamafraidyoumust,incaseheeslateforthemeeting.——我想你必須(通知他),以免他開會遲到。(2)表示推測,意為“一定”,用于肯定句。Someonemusthaveusedmyumbrellayesterday.Ifounditwet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨傘,我發(fā)現(xiàn)它濕了。(3)意為“偏要,非要……不可”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.如果你非要走,至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停止(再走)。(4)mustn't表示禁止,意為“不得,不允許;一定不要”。Thatcarismyproperty;youmustn'tuseitwithoutmypermission.那輛車是我的財產(chǎn),你必須得到我的允許才能使用。4.shall的用法(1)用于第一、三人稱疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見。Shallweputoffthesportsmeettillnextmonth?我們能否將運(yùn)動會推遲到下個月?ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?明天湯姆可以和我一起去那里嗎?(2)用于第二、三人稱陳述句中,表示說話人的命令、警告、威脅、允諾、決心等;或用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等,意為“必須”。Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.你必須為你的所作所為受到懲罰。5.should(1)should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議等,意為“應(yīng)該”。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。(2)should表示出乎意料的口氣,意為“竟然,居然”。Suchagentlemanshoulddothat.這樣一位紳士竟然會做那種事。6.will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿。—Whydidn'tyouetomypartylastnight?——昨晚你為什么不參加我的晚會?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.——我想?yún)⒓?,但是晚上那么晚我母親就是不讓我出去。(2)表示“請求;建議”。用would比will委婉、客氣。Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?請你把門開著好嗎?(3)表示習(xí)慣,will可以表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣,意為“總是;習(xí)慣于”。表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作用would。Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.生活在農(nóng)村時他總是早起。7.need表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中。Youneedn'tbetoldtwiceaboutonesinglething.同一件事不必對你說兩遍?!狽eedItellhimeverythingthat'shappenedtohisparents?——我有必要告訴他有關(guān)他父母發(fā)生的一切嗎?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——是的,必須。/不,沒必要?!久麕熤附颉縩eed還可以作實(shí)義動詞,此時有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面可跟名詞、帶to的不定式或動名詞等作賓語,其否定形式、疑問形式都要通過助動詞do構(gòu)成。Plantsneedlightinordertosurvive.植物存活必須有光照。DoIneedtoleavemytelephonenumberandaddress?我有必要把號碼和地址留下嗎?Youdon'tneedtohandinyourpositionstoday.你們今天不必交作文。8.dare表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句。Idaresay是習(xí)慣說法,意為“我想,大概”。Idarenotfacethedangerbravely.我不敢勇敢地面對困難。9.oughtto表示義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”,語氣比should強(qiáng),表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測,意為“應(yīng)是,應(yīng)該”。Yououghttoworkharderthanbefore.你應(yīng)當(dāng)比之前更努力地工作。Yououghtnottobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.這么重要的會議你不應(yīng)該遲到的。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.Ilovetheweekend,becauseI________notgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.2.Itwasreallyannoying;I________notgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadremended.3.Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparents________notletme.考點(diǎn)三5大表示推測的情態(tài)動詞用法比較情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義must肯定句一般時、進(jìn)行時、完成時一定,肯定Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrongwilledman.杰克描述了他的父親,他多年前一定是一個勇敢的男孩,是個意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。can(could)疑問句,否定句一般時、進(jìn)行時、完成時可能,能夠Itcan'tbethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clock.在門旁的不可能是郵遞員,現(xiàn)在才六點(diǎn)。may(might)否定句,肯定句一般時、進(jìn)行時、完成時也許,可能—Imayhaveleftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.我也許把手提包落在火車上了,但幸運(yùn)的是有人把它給了鐵路官員。—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someonemighthavestolenit.能再得到它真不可思議!我的意思是,有人有可能已經(jīng)偷走了它。情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義should(oughtto)否定句,肯定句一般時、完成時確定或期待,“應(yīng)該”Ishouldn'thavewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.我本不應(yīng)看那部電影,它會帶給我可怕的夢。will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑問句一般時、進(jìn)行時、完成時大概Thiswillbethehouseyou'relookingfor.這大概就是你在尋找的那個房子。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he________havedonetheresearchonhisown.2.You________nothavewakenmeup.Idon'thavetogotoworktoday.3.You________(e)hereearlier,forthelecturewasimportant.考點(diǎn)四狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法1.非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣從句謂語動詞主句謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be的過去式形式用were)would/could/should/might+動詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成式would/could/should/might+havedone與將來事實(shí)相反①weretodo②shoulddo③過去式would/could/should/might+動詞原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我弟弟在這兒,一切都會好的。Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.要是今天下午下雨,籃球比賽就會被推遲。Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtoldme,Icouldhavehelped.上個星期你為什么不把你的困難告訴我?如果你告訴我,我會幫助你的?!久麕熤附颉?1)在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,條件句的謂語動詞中含有had,were,should時,可以把if省略,把had,were,should提到句首,變?yōu)榈寡b句。Hadyou(=Ifyouhad)eearlier,youwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.如果你早點(diǎn)來,就能趕上早班車了。WereI(=IfIwere)twentynow,Iwouldjointhearmy.如果我現(xiàn)在20歲,我就參軍。Shouldhee(=Ifheshoulde),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來了,讓他給我打個。(2)如果主句和從句是對不同時間的事實(shí)的虛擬,則被稱為錯綜虛擬語氣。此時主句常有明顯的時間狀語。MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelpnow.也許如果當(dāng)時我學(xué)的是理科不是文科的話,那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。2.虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的用法有時假設(shè)的條件不通過條件狀語從句表達(dá)出來,而是隱含在某些詞或短語中,或隱含在上下文中,這種叫含蓄虛擬語氣。常見的這類詞或短語有:without(要是)沒有incase萬一;以防butfor要不是supposing假如forfearthat以免otherwise否則or否則Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.要不是一個,我們不可能在一起待一分鐘??键c(diǎn)五其他從句中虛擬語氣的用法1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity+that從句,從句中的謂語動詞用“(should+)動詞原形”。Itisnecessarythathe(should)sortouttheinformationformyreference.他有必要整理些信息供我參考。2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,其謂語動詞構(gòu)成形式如下表:虛擬語氣從句謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be動詞一般用were)與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反would/could/might+動詞原形Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鳥,能在天空自由飛翔。Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我多希望昨天見到了那個影星。(2)表示“建議,命令,要求”等意義時,賓語從句用“(should+)動詞原形”。常見的此類動詞有:①堅(jiān)持:insist;②命令:order,mand;③建議:advise,suggest,propose,remend;④要求:request,require,demand,ask。Itisstronglyremendedthatthemachines(should)becheckedeveryyear.強(qiáng)烈建議將這些機(jī)器每年檢查一次。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建議戴爾參加辯論隊(duì),她認(rèn)為辯論隊(duì)里的演講練習(xí)會給予他所需要的信心和認(rèn)可。(3)wouldrather/prefer+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣)①表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反”,從句用一般過去時。Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在不在我身邊。②表示愿望與“過去事實(shí)相反”,從句用過去完成時。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.我寧愿你沒有做那件事。3.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等表示“建議,命令,請求”含義的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句和主語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成是“(should+)動詞原形”。Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe(should)askourteacherforhelp.我們接受了他要求我們向老師求助的建議。(2)asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句常用虛擬語氣:與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時;與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時。Shelooksasifnothinghadhappenedtoher.她看起來好像什么事都沒發(fā)生似的。4.定語從句中的虛擬語氣It's(about/high/very)time+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣:謂語動詞用一般過去時或should+動詞原形,should不能省略),意為“某人該做某事了”。It'stimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.該到我們回家的時間了。5.ifonly從句中的虛擬語氣ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)與wish后接賓語從句中的虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)相同。Ifonlythedriverhadn'tdrivensofastthen!要是司機(jī)那時沒開那么快就好了。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空1.[2024·廣東省新會華僑中學(xué)月考]WithoutthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________(win)thefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingpetition.2.[2024·湖北四地七校聯(lián)考]Itishightimethatyou________(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.3.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe________(have)agoodtimetogether.4.Hewasstillrunningwithasmileonhisface,asifnothing________(happen).5.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies________(send)totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.

●小試牛刀/夯基礎(chǔ)·提技能·高效備考●Ⅰ.語法填空[2024·山東省泰安市高三一模]AnintangibleculturalheritageareainGuangzhou,thecapitalofsouthChina'sGuangdongProvince,openedthisyear,showingthelifeandnormsofancientChinesepeoplefromaculturalperspective.ThisisthesecondintangibleculturalheritageblockinGuangzhou.1.________(locate)onBeijingRoad,theblockhostsintangibleculturalheritagedisplaysandevents.ThefirstsuchstreetwassetinYongqingfanginLiwanDistrict,2.________hasbeethecenteroflocalculturalandcreativeindustries.Ontheopeningday,aconcert3.________(feature)traditionalCantonesemusicandpoems4.________(hold)onBeijingRoadtohonorthelaunchoftheintangibleculturalheritageblock.Artistsperformedclassicalpoemswithdanceandplayedtraditionalmusical5.________(instrument),includingtheChinesezither(古箏).Aimingtoraisethepublic'sculturalconfidenceand6.________(aware),thisintangibleculturalheritageblock7.________(regular)showsculturalrelicsandrecordsandgivesVR/ARshowsabouttheinheritance(繼承)ofintangibleculturalheritage.FamousCantonesefood,arts,celebritiesandindustriesareintroducedtovisitors.Manyactivitiesareheldtoshowthecharmoftheintangibleculturalheritageblock.8.________additiontodisplayingculturalrelicsfromGuangdong,thisblock9.________(focus)ontheroleofintangibleculturalheritageinstrengtheningpeople'sculturalconfidence10.________developingculturaltourism.Ⅱ.寫作運(yùn)用完成下面短文,注意本部分語法的運(yùn)用。Hello,everyone!Iwouldliketosharewithyoumyfirsttravelabroad.1.________________________________________________________________________________________.(去年暑假,我和幾個同學(xué)一起參加了與一所美國學(xué)校的交流項(xiàng)目)Duringourvisit,westayedinhostfamilies,whichgaveusanopportunitytolearnaboutAmericansociety.Themainpartofourprogramwastoexperiencetheschoollife.2.________________________________________________________________________.(與中國學(xué)生相比,美國學(xué)生更加開放和活躍)Besides,theyhavelesshomeworkandfewerexams.3.________________________________________________________.(但我們也有很多共同點(diǎn),比如對NBA的狂熱)Whenthevisitwasover,ImadefriendswithsomeAmericanstudents,whobeeveryinterestedinChineseculture.4.________________________________________________________.(美國學(xué)生也從中獲益匪淺)語法專題提升專題一復(fù)雜多變的動詞第一講謂語動詞一動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)高考感悟1.答案與解析:wished考查動詞時態(tài)。本句缺少謂語動詞,所以wish作本句謂語,根據(jù)后文的grew可知用一般過去時。2.答案與解析:means考查時態(tài)。這里為本句謂語動詞,根據(jù)上下文,本句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時;主語為“development”,單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。3.答案與解析:hadarrived考查時態(tài)。句意:我在約定的時間赴宴,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場,女主人還穿著睡衣。從句中表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時。4.答案與解析:hasestablished考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。由Uptonow可知,句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語是China,故填hasestablished。5.答案與解析:haswalked考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語Inthelastfiveyears可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語Cao為第三人稱單數(shù),助動詞用has。6.答案與解析:wasbuilt分析句子成分可知,空處和hasnowbeenpletelyrestored作并列謂語。第二步:考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。有時間狀語intheTangdynasty可知發(fā)生在過去,根據(jù)主語it(TheXi'anCityWall)與動詞build之間是被動關(guān)系。故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。7.答案與解析:hasproved/hasproven考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的sinceitopenedtothepublic可知,此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時。8.答案與解析:lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。結(jié)合句意,此處是指在滅絕之前一直生活了數(shù)萬年。設(shè)空處的動作發(fā)生在滅絕之前,結(jié)合時間狀語fortensofthousandsofyears。故應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)或者過去完成進(jìn)行時態(tài);又因動作發(fā)生在過去,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作,也可用一般過去時??键c(diǎn)研析考點(diǎn)一即學(xué)即練1.答案與解析:chose考查時態(tài)。此處是謂語動

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