難度較大語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：完成時(shí)態(tài)

初三語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過(guò)去分詞，1．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我剛洗過(guò)衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already（”已經(jīng)”用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）never(“從不”用于中間處)ever（”曾經(jīng)”用于疑問(wèn)句和肯定句的中間處）just (“剛剛”用于中間處)yet (“已經(jīng)”用于疑問(wèn)句的末尾處/“還”用于否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去。試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來(lái)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過(guò)去在這兒教過(guò)一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）練習(xí)：I．翻譯下列句子：你曾經(jīng)吃過(guò)魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書。我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。他已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了。你已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了嗎？我哥哥還沒(méi)回來(lái)。我上星期看過(guò)這部電影。在1992年他住在這里。II．用過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)填空：1.“_________you__________(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“When________you__________(have)it?”“I____________(have)itat12:00.”2.“_________you__________(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I___________.I________________(write)onelastweek.”3.“_________he___________(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4.“_________theyever__________(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfather_________just___________(finish)hiswork.6.Yourfather_________(finish)hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI__________(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They____________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He_____________never____________(go)tothesciencemuseum.10.____________youever____________(drink)coke?11.“____________you_____________(buy)adictionary?““Yes,I__________.”“Where__________you_____________(buy)it?”“I___________(buy)itinabookstore.”“When___________you_____________(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”Since和for的用法表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for,since,howlong,sofar,thesedays等。Since+過(guò)去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，for+一段時(shí)間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用howlong提問(wèn)。一、since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。如：Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.1984年以來(lái)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。He’slearnedabout5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege.他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。二、for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，for的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段。如：Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。練習(xí)：用since和for填空1)______twoyears 2)_______twoyearsago 3)_______lastmonth 4)______1999 5)_______yesterday 6)_______4o’clock7)______4hours 8)_______anhourago 9)_______wewerechildren10)_____lunchtime 11)______shelefthere1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.Iwenthomeyesterday.I________________________homefor___________________.Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________.②come/goback,return→beback come/goout→beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.③become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I__________________ateacherfor__________________.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.④close→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→beupdie→bedead leavesw.→beawayfromsw. fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep finish/end→beovermarry→bemarriedIgotuptwohoursago.I________________________since________________.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I__________________________since___________________.Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth. begin→beonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep lose→nothave buy→have puton→wear catch/getacold→haveacold gettoknow→knowTheyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________________himsince____________________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I____________________myglassesfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy →bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmyHejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.3.漢譯英1）這本字典我已買了三年了。2）他離開(kāi)中國(guó)三年了。3）我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。7）我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。8）這會(huì)已開(kāi)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。10）我入團(tuán)2年了。 I________________________________twoyearsago. I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears. I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears. I_________________________________the__________fortwoyears.11）自從1999年以來(lái)他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。12）我來(lái)到農(nóng)場(chǎng)已5年了。4.劃線提問(wèn)1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook?havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法一、have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配：havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarm havebeenhere(there)/abroad二、have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just,ever,never等連用，例如： Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如： IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去過(guò)北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。三、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.湯姆在哪里？他到書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。練習(xí)：I.用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.II.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各種形式填空。WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.David________theparkjustnow.John_______Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?TheSmiths______Beijingforyears._____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.Wouldyouliketo_____thezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.Where_____you_____now?---I____thezoo.Heoften_____swimming._____you______therelastyear?_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?III.翻譯下列句子：他已經(jīng)來(lái)中國(guó)三年多了。他們出國(guó)兩個(gè)月了。我從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。你曾經(jīng)出過(guò)國(guó)嗎？他已經(jīng)去圖書館了。他來(lái)這兒五年了。昨天他去了公園?！澳阋ツ睦铮俊薄拔乙W(xué)校。”他常常去游泳。綜合練習(xí):I.用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”II.翻譯下列句子：他們已經(jīng)打掃了教室嗎？我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。打那以后，她一直住在這。“你曾經(jīng)到過(guò)那里嗎？”“不，我從來(lái)沒(méi)到過(guò)那里?！盜II.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem________________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary________(lose