牛津高中英語高一語法復(fù)習(xí)

牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)（模塊1-4）語法復(fù)習(xí)一：定語從句（一）定義1)在復(fù)合句中（一個句子的某一成分由句子承當(dāng)），修飾某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語從句或形容詞從句；在句中起定語的作用.2)被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞antecedent1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句(二)：關(guān)系代詞的作用;1.連接主句和從句。2.代表被修飾的先行詞。3.在定語從句做一個句子成分。eg.ThisistheroomwhichIlivedinlastyear.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句(三)：定語從句中有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引導(dǎo)定語從句。（四）：用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞起代詞的作用，關(guān)系副詞起副詞的作用，因此同樣的先行詞，選用什么樣的關(guān)系詞，要由它在定語從句中擔(dān)任的邏輯作用來決定。關(guān)系代詞詞性先行詞充當(dāng)成分who人主、賓、表Whom人賓That人&物主、賓、表Which物主、賓、表As物主、賓Whose=ofwhom\ofwhich人&物定語關(guān)系副詞When=at\in\on\duringwhich時間狀Where=at\in\towhich地點狀Why=forwhich原因狀that在口語中可以代替關(guān)系副詞以上三者狀Thisistheplacewherewework.（vi.）(關(guān)系詞所做的成分關(guān)鍵是由從句中的動詞來決定的)Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)

種類先行詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句說明定

語

從

句（人）在從句中做主語或賓語

物在從句中做主語或賓語

who

which

Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.這就是救了孩子生命的醫(yī)生。SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.她就是我要介紹給你的新學(xué)生Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.請遞給我擺在桌上的那本書。ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.湯姆買的小說很有意思。Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?你能把昨天談到的那本雜志借給我嗎？who在從句中做主語whom在從句中做賓語，口語中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介詞賓語時只能用whom

which在從句中做主語。which充當(dāng)賓語時可以省去。

which做介詞賓語不可省

定語從句

人或物的whoseTheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams那位教授是威廉斯他的女兒教你英語。Theprofessor,thedaughterofwhomteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.那輛壞了閘的自行車現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好了。=Thebikethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired

whose在從句中做定語指某人的也可以用…ofwhom代替whose

指物時也可以用…ofwhich代替whose

人

或thatThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissZhang.正在彈鋼琴的那位婦女是張小姐。I’dliketoseethefilmsthatarejustonshow.我想看那些剛上映的電影。that指人做主語

that指物做主語種類先行詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞例

句說

明

物

all,little

much和some,anyevery,no構(gòu)成的合成代詞

人或物

that

that

Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsand

personsthattheyrememberintheschool.他們談起他們所記得起的學(xué)校里的人和事，談了大約有半個小時。I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.我要告訴你我所知道這件事的一切情況。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?有什么我可以幫助做的事嗎？I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.我把你需要的東西都拿來了。

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.這是我看過的最好的一部電影。Thefirstplacethatwe’llvisitisBeijingLibrary.我們要參觀的第一個地方是北京圖書館先行詞分別表示人和物，關(guān)系代詞要用that，不用who或which先行詞表示物，關(guān)系代詞用that不用which,在從句中做賓語可省去。如果先行詞是人時，關(guān)系代詞不受制約，用that或who(whom)均可

先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。

定

語

從

句

人

或

物thatHeistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.他是唯一可靠的人。Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.約翰正是她要見的人。WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithTom?正在和湯姆談話的人是誰？Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtiseasytoread?你買的那些書中哪一本容易讀。先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame等修飾時用關(guān)系代詞that.

當(dāng)主句以who、which開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句要用that

時

間whenHecameatatimewhenweneededhimmost.他在我們最需要的時候來了。We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我們永遠不會忘記中華人民共和國成立的那一天。在定語從句中作時間狀語

注：先行詞是time,minute,moment,nexttime很少用關(guān)系副詞when,可用that但通常省去。

地點whereThisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.這就是他渡過夜晚的那房子。在定語從句中作地點狀語原因理由whyIknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.我知道她學(xué)習(xí)好的原因。在定語從句中作原因狀語Thisistheplacewherewework.（vi.）(關(guān)系詞所做的成分關(guān)鍵是有從句中的動詞來決定的)Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)（五）：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。從句只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整標

點從句和主句之間不用逗號分開從句和主句之間通常用逗號分開關(guān)系代詞指人who(that)whom指物which(that)人和物whose關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省去指人who（作主語）whom（做賓語）指物which人和物的whose關(guān)系代詞一般不可省修飾從句只修飾一個名詞或代詞可以修飾一個名詞或代詞也可修飾整個主句翻譯定語從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語從句通常被譯成另一個獨立的句子限制性非限制性形式上無逗號有逗號內(nèi)容上先行詞不是唯一的先行詞是唯一的，定語從句可有可無。關(guān)系詞可用that,why.作賓語可以省略不可用that,why。關(guān)系詞一律不省。先行詞名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，也可以使整個句子漢語翻譯譯作定語譯成并列句

1．二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞．關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.(只有一個)HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.Iwillwearnoclotheswhichwillbeoutofordinary.Iwillwearnoclothes,whichwillbeoutofordinary.Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.I’msureIknowthepersonwhoservedme.Tom,whoservedus,istheowneroftherestaurant.Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,istheleaderoftheirfootballmatch.（六）關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別<1>．只能用that的情況(1)如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none，few.等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.Everythingthatwesawwasinteresting.I’minterestedineverythingthatIdon’tknow.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.(2)如果先等詞被all,littlenoneany,only,few,much,no,some,very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.例如：Ireadallthebooksthatyougavetome.ThisistheonlymoneythatIhaveinmypocket.AllthemoneythatwascollectedwasgiventotheHopeProject.(3)如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或者先行詞是最高級時，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。ThisisthefirstbookthatwaswritteninEnglish.ThisisthelastfactorythatIvisited.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefunniestthingthatIeverheard.(4)如果先等詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.ThisistheonlybookthatIreallylike.Hewastheonlypersonintheofficethatwasinvitedtotheball.(5)先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。而不用who,which.例如：Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.(6)who,which開頭的特殊疑問句中，關(guān)系代詞用that.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?WhichofusthatknowsEnglishdoesn’tknowthis?whichofthenoveldoyoulikebest?(7)關(guān)系代詞作定語從句的表語時，關(guān)系代詞用that.Ittookusmanyyearstomakethecitythatitistoday.Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Chinaisn’tthecountryitusedtobe.(8)先行詞是基數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時，關(guān)系代詞用that.YesterdayIcaughttwofish.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillaliveinthebasinofwater.(9)當(dāng)主句“therebe“開頭時，關(guān)系代詞要用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾該句型的主語。Therearefourdesksinthemiddleoftheofficethatareusedfortheteachers.(10)當(dāng)先行詞是“tobe“后面的表語時關(guān)系代詞用that.Thisisthedictionarythatwasboughtinthebookstoreyesterday.<2>．只能用which的情況1)非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。如：Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.Beijing,whichischina’scapital,isrichinculture.2)those/that+名詞后的定語從句用which引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞that。Thatpenwhichhetookismine.Ashopshouldkeepthosegoodswhichsellswell.3)介詞后只用whichThisistheroominwhichhelived.Idon’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofwood.(4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，不用that..例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)先行詞是that時，關(guān)系代詞要用which.What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?(6)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語時，宜用關(guān)系代詞which.HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.<3>．只用who,whom.而不用that的情況(1)如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,those,ones等時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who或whom，不用that。例如：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.（2）當(dāng)先行詞是指人的集合名詞時，如果作這個名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。Mr.Smithcametovisitmyfamily,whowerewatchingTVthen.Ourclass,whichisaverygoodone,waspraisedagainatthemeeting.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語或者在被分割的定語從句中，宜用關(guān)系代詞whoPro.WangiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.(4)當(dāng)先行詞用-body或-one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用whoWe’dbetternotbelieveinanyonewhowedon’tknow.(5)當(dāng)先行詞是一個限定性的表示人的特定名詞時，常用whoTheaunt/unclewhocametoseeuslastweekismybrother’ssister.（七）．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。其中whom代表人，which代表物Whoisthecomradewithwhomyoushookhands?Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariverGivemethebookthecoverofwhichisred(thecoverofwhich=whosecover)Heisthemanwhosefatherisateacher.=Heisthemanthefatherofwhomisateacher.ThisistheneighborhoodfromwhomIborrowedthebicycle.(2)fromwhere為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句（不常用）。例如：Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown.（3）***關(guān)系代詞前的介詞如何確定？A.依據(jù)定語從句中動詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.B.依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配確定Therewasnowayinwhichitcouldbeboughtbacktotheearth.(inthisway)C.根據(jù)所表達的意思確定Thegaswithwhichdoctorscansavethepatientsiscalledoxygen.Thegaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.(4)***注意關(guān)系代詞的位置介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用which和whom不能用that代替，也不可省略；介詞在句尾時，關(guān)系代詞可which,that,whom,who,都行，而且還可以省略。ThisisthedrawerinwhichIputmyletters.=Thisisthedrawer(which/that)Iputmylettersin.HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotelettersthismorning?=Haveyouseenthepen(which/that)Iwroteletterswiththismorning?所以一個句子有時有多種用法如：那就是他工作的大學(xué)Thisisthecollegeatwhichheworks.Thisisthecollegethat/whichheworksat.Thisisthecollegewhereheworks.但像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookfor等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.Thisisthebookwhich/thatIamlookingfor.ThisisthegirlIhavebeenlookingforthewholeafternoon.（八）whose引導(dǎo)從句的意義1）指人=ofwhom表示所修飾的“某（些）人的用做所修飾的先行詞的所有格。Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.2)指物=ofwhich表所修飾的“某物的“Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Iliveintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth./____________________________________________.(whose+從句可以用“ofwhich+從句”代替)（九）As與which是有區(qū)別的A)相同之處：都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的主句所表達的內(nèi)容。which可做賓語或表語Hefailedoncemoreinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.Hesucceededinthecomposition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.B)區(qū)別：1）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面．中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：1)Asweallknow,Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright.=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjects,asweallknow,isright=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright,asweallknow.2)Hewasthrownintoprison,whichgotroundthroughoutourvillage3)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.4)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.5)Hewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy6)Asyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish.2.）as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含義，which沒有。后面的謂語動詞多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。Bobdidanexcellentjob,aswehadexpected.Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeushappy.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.3.)as在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句多與such或thesame連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。thesame…assuch….asThisisthesamestoryashetoldme.Ihopetogetsuchabookasheisusing4).as也可單獨使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于which?？纱硪粋€句子。例如：Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.5).as做主語時，其后必跟系動詞，而which無此限制Themeetingwasputoff,aswaswhatwewanted.

Hewasmurdered,asseemedtrue.6)as引導(dǎo)從句時，從句語義必須和主句一致Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpectedShewasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.7）thesame…as與thesame..that的區(qū)別：前者修飾的是原物同樣的而后者修飾的就是先行詞ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.這和我丟的那一只手表是一樣的。ThisisthedamewatchthatIlost.著就是我丟的那一只手表。（十）什么時候that可以省略？1)引導(dǎo)同位語從句，主語從句，表語從句不能省略，且不做成分。Thename“whitewater”comesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.It’sknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.(that置后可一省略)Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.(有時可省，一般不省)2）賓語從句中可以省略Idon’tthink(that)youareright.3）that只有在定語從句中做成分，可做主、賓、表語。（十一）關(guān)系代詞做主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞而不是關(guān)系代詞。Iwanttoseethefilmthatisonshow.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpastheexam.(十二)oneofthe…與theoneofthe…做先行詞時謂語不一致。LiBaiisoneofthegreatestpoetsthathavelivedinChina.LiBaiistheoneofthegreatestpoetsthathaslivedinChina.ThisisoneofthebooksthatIhavebeenwritteninChinese.ThisistheonlyoneofthebooksthathasbeenwritteninChinese.Heisoneoftheboyswhoarewillingtodoit.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoiswillingtodoit.（十三）．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間．地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。1)when表示時間,充當(dāng)時間狀語when=on/in/of/at…+whichIstillrememberthedaywhenIjointhepartyIwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.但注意：1.當(dāng)先行詞是表地點：place,room,mountain,airport等時間：time,day,year,month,week,等原因：reason等名詞時,并且分別在句中做地點、時間、原因狀語時，應(yīng)用where,when,why引導(dǎo)。但是如果如果表示時間地點原因的名詞不做狀語，而是做主語，賓語，或者表語時，必須用關(guān)系代詞that/which來引導(dǎo)而不是用where等。Istillrememberthedaythatwespenttogether。May1isthedaythatIwillneverforget。TheYangtzeGorgesisabeautifulplace(that/which)peopleallovertheworldlookforwardtovisiting.長江三峽是個美麗的地方，全世界的人都渴望來參觀。Themoment(that/which)Iturnedaround,shehadleftanddisappearedinthecrowd.Isthisthereasonthathegaveusforbeinglate?ThisisthefactorythatwevisitedThatisthehousethathelivedin..Theplacethatwehadbeentowasfar.Theshopthat/whichwesawisbeautiful.2.當(dāng)先行詞為bythetime,anytime,theway,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime時，關(guān)系詞不用when而用that.或省略ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.ThefirsttimeIsawhimwasin1980Bythetimehewas14hehadlearnedadvancedmathematics但如果time前無修飾語,關(guān)系詞用thatwhen均可Iwillneverforgotthetimewhen(that)wemetforthefirsttime.3.當(dāng)先行詞為way時，關(guān)系詞用inwhich,that,或省略.Thisisthewaythat/inwhich/不加hesmiles.但注意：4.why表示原因（現(xiàn)行詞只有一個reason），做原因狀語。Why=forwhichThatisthereasonwhyhewaslate.（十四）學(xué)生容易出現(xiàn)的問題。在定語從句中多加了賓語，如：SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome.Isthisthehorseyoudrewityesterday?Isthisthehorseyoudrewyesterday?把定語從句的動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)弄錯。Thosewhohasfinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.Thosewhohavefinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.省略了定語從句中做主語的關(guān)系代詞。Childreneatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.Childrenwhoeatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.Theykeywhich/thatopenstheroomismissing.定語從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞。Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing.Thehousewhich/thathelivesinneedsrepairing.Thisisthetimeatwhenhe’smorelikelytobein.Thisisthetimewhenhe’smorelikelytobein.Thisisthetimeatwhichhe’smorelikelytobein.（十五）代有插入語的定語從句who與whom的選用。擔(dān)主語成分時用who,擔(dān)賓格成分時用whom方法：要區(qū)分是定語從句中的插入語還是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。Jasonisamanwho(Ibelieved)ishonest.(去掉仍成立)JasonisamanwhomIbelievetobehonest.做賓語Thegirlwhowesupposedwasdrownedcameback.Thegirlwhowesupposedtobedrownedcameback.（十六）什么時候宜用非限制性定語從句當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞時，通常用非限制性定語從句，它本身就具有特殊性，無需在加限定。Shenzhen,whichisinSouthChina,isdevelopingrapidly.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotagarden.Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.2)當(dāng)先行詞是具有某一特征的人或者物中的一個，但跟非限制從句時則表示唯一的一個，compare:Herroomhasawindowwhichfacessouth.Herroomhasawindow,whichfacessouth.IhaveabrotherwhoisworkinginBeijing.Ihaveabrother,whoisworkinginBeijing.3.當(dāng)先行詞表示類屬意義，即表示某類動物，事物或人時，其后所跟的定語從句一般是非限制性的。Asleepisausefulanimal,whosewoolhasmanyuses.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isnowplayedallovertheworld.語法經(jīng)典練習(xí)：1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_______

hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.

A.these

B.those

C.that

D.which2.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,______

cameasasurprise.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

4.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson

_____

shecouldturnforhelp.

A.that

B.who

C.fromwhom

D.towhom

5.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but______didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it6.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.what

B.whichC.that

D.it7.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.which B.whereC.that D.when8.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.it

B.that

C.when

D.which

9.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,______wehadn’texpected.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what10.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,______forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when11.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_______peopleexpected.

A.like

B.as

C.that

D.which12.RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,___wasveryreasonable.

A.whichprice

B.thepriceofwhich

C.itsprice

D.thepriceofthose13.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.

A．whoB．whichC．thisD．what14.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.

A．he

B．this

C．which

D．who15.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.until B.that C.when D.where16.Thefamousbasketballstar,_______triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.

A.where

B.when

C.which

D.Who

17.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,______Iwillalwaystreasure.

Athat

Bone

Cit

Dwhat

18.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museumsandsomeotherplaces,_____othervisitorsseldomgo.

Awhat

Bwhich

Cwhere

Dwhen

19.Alecaskedthepoliceman_____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.

Awithhim

Bwho

Cwithwhom

Dwhom

20.Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputers.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when

21.______hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What

22.York,______lastyear,isaniceoldcity.

A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inchichIvisited23.Luckly,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which24.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace______,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what25.GeogeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,writemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameChisrealnameD.whoserealname.26._____isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.what 27.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone ______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom.28.TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich29.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that30.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths，______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhich.B.duringwhichC.fromwhichDforwhich31.Therewas_____time______Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when32.therearetwobuildings,______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich33.______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As34.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%______aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat35.Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingattheRache’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which36..Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheother,______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which37.Itiseasytodotherepair.______youneedisahammerandsomenails.A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything38..Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that39.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（A.that B.whose C.those D.what40.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.that B.which C.when D.where41.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.that B.inwhich C.bywhich D.how 42.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,___________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime43.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,shewantedtobe.A．who B．that C．whatD．which44.Theplace_______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe________thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviestA.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich45.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees. A．which B．when C．where D．that46.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.A．ofthem B．fromwhich C．whoof D．ofwhom47.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Right,justtheoneyouknowIusedtoworkforyears.A．that B．which C．whereD．what48.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_____hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis49.Haveyouseenthefilm"Titanic",__________leadingactorisworldfamous?

A．its

B．it's

C．whose

D．which

50.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_______didn’thelp. A．it B．she C．which D．heKeys:1-5DCBDD6-10BBDCD11-15BBBCC16-20DBCCD21-25BBDBD26-30BDCAA31-35BDDAD36-40DBCBD41-45BADCC46-50DCCCA語法復(fù)習(xí)二：動詞時態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。

時間狀語：every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday

Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.

2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.

ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.

3)表示格言或警句中。

Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必敗。

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。

例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..

4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。

Idon'twantsomuch.

AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.

比較：NowIputthesugarinthecup.

Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。2一般過去時的用法

1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

時間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。

Wheredidyougojustnow?

2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。

WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.

WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.

3）句型：

Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……時間了""該……了"

Itistimesb.didsth."時間已遲了""早該……了"

Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。

Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺了。

would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'

I'dratheryoucametomorrow.

4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。

Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。

比較：

一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.

(含義：她已不在人間。)

Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.

(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)

Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.

(含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.

(含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)

注意：用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。

1）動詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。

Didyouwantanythingelse?

Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.

2）情態(tài)動詞could,would.

Couldyoulendmeyourbike?3usedto/beusedto

usedto+do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。

Motherusednottobesoforgetful.

Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(過去常常散步)

beusedto+doing：對……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。

Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.

Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)

典型例題

----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.

----It's69568442.

A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't

答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時。4一般將來時

1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。

will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。

WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.

Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?

2)begoingto+不定式，表示將來。

a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。

Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

b.計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。

c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事

Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.

3)be+不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。

WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.

4)beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事。

HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.

注意：beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5begoingto/will

用于條件句時，begoingto表將來

will表意愿

Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.

Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.

6beto和begoingto

beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

begoingto表示主觀的打算或計劃。

Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客觀安排)

I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主觀安排)7一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

1）下列動詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。

Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.

Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.

2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如