《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-七、草地貪夜蛾綠色防控雙語(yǔ)版

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草地貪夜蛾綠色防控

GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda

（一）發(fā)生與危害情況OccurrenceandHazard

草地貪夜蛾

俗稱秋粘蟲行軍蟲等，隸屬于鱗翅目夜蛾科害蟲，是一種原產(chǎn)于美洲熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)的雜食性害蟲，成蟲可遠(yuǎn)距離遷飛。2016年起，草地貪夜蛾侵入至非洲、亞洲各國(guó)，并于2019年1月由緬甸侵入我國(guó)云南、廣西，已在20個(gè)?。▍^(qū)、市）發(fā)現(xiàn)，為我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成極大的破壞力。SpodopteraFrugiperda:commonlyknownasfallarmyworm,isapestoftheorderLepidopteraandthefamilyNoctuidae.ItisanomnivorouspestnativetothetropicalandsubtropicalregionsoftheAmericas,anditsimagoescanmigratelongdistances.Since2016,SpodopteraFrugiperdahasinvadedcountriesinAfricaandAsia.ItinvadedYunnanandGuangxiofChinafromMyanmarinJanuary2019.Ithasbeenfoundin20provinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalities),causingsignificantdamagetoChina'sagriculturalproduction.七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda草地貪夜蛾目前有水稻品系和玉米品系兩種生態(tài)型，被草地貪夜蛾（玉米品系）為害的玉米，減產(chǎn)達(dá)20%~70%，甚至絕收。Atpresent,therearetwoecologicaltypesoftheSpodopteraFrugiperda:ricestrainandcornstrain.TheyieldofcorndamagedbytheSpodopteraFrugiperda(cornstrain)isreducedby20%-70%,andevennoharvest.草地貪夜蛾幼蟲在玉米上的為害狀DamageSymptomsofCornbySpodopteraFrugiperdaLarvae七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda

幼蟲為害的植株特征明顯：1-3齡幼蟲通常隱藏在心葉、葉鞘等部位取食，形成半透明薄膜“窗孔”；4-6齡幼蟲取食葉片后形成不規(guī)則的長(zhǎng)形孔洞，可將整株玉米的葉片取食光，也會(huì)鉆蛀心葉、未抽出的雄穗及幼嫩雌穗，影響葉片和果穗的正常發(fā)育。Thecharacteristicsoftheplantsdamagedbylarvaeareobvious:The1st-3rdinstarlarvaeusuallyhideinthecoreleaves,leafsheaths,andotherpartstofeed,formingtranslucentfilm"windowholes";The4th-6thinstarlarvaefeedontheleavesandformirregularelongatedholes,whichcanfeedontheleavesofthewholeplantofcorn,andalsoborethecoreleaves,unsproutedtassels,andunsproutedyoungfemaleears,affectingthenormaldevelopmentofleavesandfruitclusters.七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda幼蟲為害未抽出的雄穗及幼嫩雌穗U(xiǎn)nsproutedTasselsandYoungFemaleEarsdamagedbytheLarvae七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda（二）形態(tài)識(shí)別MorphologicalRecognition1、成蟲

Imago體長(zhǎng)15-20mm，翅展32-40mm，灰棕色。雄蛾前翅深棕色，頂角向內(nèi)有一大白斑，翅中部有一黃褐色環(huán)狀紋，其后為腎形紋，腎形紋內(nèi)側(cè)有一白色楔形紋。后翅灰白色，邊緣有窄褐色帶。雌蛾前翅灰褐色，斑紋不明顯，環(huán)狀紋和腎形紋褐色。后翅與雄蛾相似。Thebodylengthis15mm-20mm,thewingspanis32mm-40mm,anditisgrayishbrown.Theforewingsofthemalearedarkbrown,withalargewhitespotinwardattheapicalangle,ayellowish-brownannularstripeinthemiddleofthewings,akidney-shapedstripebehindit,andawhitewedge-shapedstripeinsidethekidney-shapedstripe.Thehindwingsaregrayishwhite,withnarrowbrownbandsatthemargins.Theforewingsofthefemalearegrayishbrown,withinconspicuousstripesandbrownannularandkidney-shapedstripes.Thehindwingsaresimilartothoseofthemale.七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda2、卵

Egg通常100-200粒堆積成塊狀。卵粒圓頂型，直徑約為0.4mm，卵上通常覆蓋淺灰色的絨毛，即雌蛾鱗片。初產(chǎn)時(shí)為淺綠或白色，孵化前逐漸變?yōu)樽厣?。Usually100-200eggspileupintoeggmasses.Theeggsaredome-shaped,about0.4mmindiameter,andareusuallycoveredwithlightgrayvillus(scalesoffemales).Itislightgreenorwhiteatfirstbirthandgraduallyturnsbrownbeforehatching.七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda3、幼蟲

Larva

共6齡，老熟幼蟲體長(zhǎng)約45mm，體色有淺黃、淺綠、褐色等多種。幼蟲標(biāo)志性特征：①幼蟲3齡后，黑色（或橙色）頭部具黃白色“倒Y型斑”；②腹部第8節(jié)有呈正方形排列的4個(gè)黑斑。Thereare6instarsintotal.Thematurelarvaeareabout45mmlongandhavevariousbodycolorssuchaslightyellow,lightgreen,andbrown.Theiconiccharacteristicsoflarvae:①Thethirdoraboveinstarlarvaehaveyellowish-white"invertedY-shapedspots"ontheirblack(ororange)heads;②Thereare4blackspotsarrangedinasquareonthe8thsegmentoftheabdomen.七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda幼蟲體色多變VariousBodyColorsofLarvae幼蟲各齡期示意圖SchematicDiagramofEachInstarofLarvae七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda4、蛹

Pupa

老熟幼蟲常在2~8cm的土壤中化蛹，也有在果穗或葉腋處化蛹。蛹呈橢圓形，紅棕色，有光澤，長(zhǎng)14~18mm，寬4.5mm。Thematurelarvaeoftenpupateinthesoilof2cm-8cm,andalsointhefruitclustersorleafaxils.Thepupaisoval,reddishbrown,glossy,14mm-18mmlong,and4.5mmwide.七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda（三）發(fā)生規(guī)律OccurrenceRegularity雌蛾可存活21d，平均壽命10dFemalescansurvivefor21days,withanaveragelifespanof10days卵期約3-5dEggstage:about3d-5d幼蟲期14-22dLarvalstage:14d-22d蛹期7-13dPupalstage:7d-13d完成一個(gè)世代需要24-40dAgenerationiscompletedforabout24-40days七

草地貪夜蛾綠色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda（三）

發(fā)生規(guī)律OccurrenceRegularity寄主廣Broadhostrange繁殖力強(qiáng)Highfertility破壞力大Highdestructivepower遷飛能力超強(qiáng)Strongmigrati