2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit3ComputersSectionⅢGrammar-現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)學(xué)案新人教版必修2

PAGEUnit3ComputersSectionⅢGrammar——現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)[思維導(dǎo)圖][語法精講]一、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的常用句式確定式主語＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主語＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑問式Have/Has＋主語＋beendone...？特別疑問式疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋beendone...？Hehasbeenadmittedtotheclub.他已被接納為俱樂部成員了。Tom'snovelhasnotbeenpublished.湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行車修好了嗎？Whohasbeeninvited?誰受到了邀請？二、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法1．表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞剛好間狀語sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等連用。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.這個房間已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不用打掃房間了)2．表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去起先始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能接著持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語(從句)連用，或用于howlong引導(dǎo)的句子中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺機器已經(jīng)被修兩個小時了。(可能還會接著被修)3．用在條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在完成作業(yè)之前你不應(yīng)當(dāng)離開學(xué)校。三、運用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)要留意6點問題1．與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)分。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)所表示的動作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的狀況沒有聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的狀況有聯(lián)系。Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年這家公園向公眾開放。(說明動作發(fā)生于過去)Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.這家公園已向公眾開放。(說明動作發(fā)生于過去，但對現(xiàn)在有影響，即現(xiàn)在公園已經(jīng)開放了)2．非持續(xù)性動詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.這項工作在兩周前已經(jīng)完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.這項工作已經(jīng)完成。3．短語動詞是一個不行分割的整體，在被動語態(tài)中要保持完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不行省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.據(jù)說已經(jīng)調(diào)查這個問題了。4．只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.→Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.5．帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個保留不動。Wehavegivenhimthebook.→Hehasbeengiventhebook.→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.6．帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補改為主語補足語。原來省略to的不定式作賓補的，被動語態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.→Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Formanyyears,transportpolicyhas_been_marked(mark)byhotairratherthanaction.2．Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinmyhometownsince2000.3．WhenIreachedthestation,theticketshadbeensold(sell)out.4．Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,teaisserved(serve)withmilkandsugar.5．AsfortheEnglishSpeakingCompetition,whenandwhereitwillbeheldhasn'tbeendecided(notdecide)yet.6．Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try)tostopthebadbehaviour,buttheydon'tworkatall.7．Overthepasttenyears,thistownhasbeenhit(hit)twicebyearthquakes.8．—Willthelecturebeheldat4o'clockthisafternoon?—No.Ithasbeenput(put)offtilltomorrowafternoon.Ⅱ.補全句子1．Theboyshavebeentoldmanytimes(男孩們已經(jīng)被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn'tmakeanydifference.2．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTaohasbeenadmittedtoFudanUniversity(已經(jīng)被復(fù)旦高校錄用)forhistopscoresintheMathsContest.3．Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstanceshavebeendiscovered(已被發(fā)覺)inthepastyears.4．Whenandwheretogofortheon－salaryholidayhasnotbeendecided(還沒有確定)yet.5．Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichasbeenchanged(已經(jīng)被變更了)．Ⅲ.把下列句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)1．Thiscompanyhasproducednewtypesofcomputers.→Newtypesofcomputershavebeenproducedbythiscompany.2．MumhasnotgivenmesomemoneywhenIcamebacktoschool.→IhavenotbeengivensomemoneywhenIcamebacktoschool.→SomemoneyhasnotbeengiventomewhenIcamebacktoschool.3．HasthelittlegirlaskedyoutohelpherwithherEnglish?→Haveyoubeenaskedtohelpthel