《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-柑橘蚧殼蟲類害蟲（雙語）

柑橘病蟲害綠色防控柑橘蚧殼蟲類昆蟲GreenPreventionandControlofCitrusDiseasesandPestsCitrusScaleInsects矢尖蚧Unaspisyanonensis

(Kuwana)1紅蠟蚧

CeroplastesRubensMaskell雌成蟲背面向上隆起。蟲體外暗紅色至紫紅色蠟質(zhì)覆蓋物形似紅小豆。Thebackofthefemaleimagorisesupwards.Thedarkredtopurplishredwaxycoveroutsidethewormlookslikearedbean.柑橘蚧殼蟲種類繁多Therearevariousspeciesofcitrusscaleinsects.2矢尖蚧UnaspisYanonensis(Kuwana)成蟲雌介殼箭頭形，常微彎曲，長2-4mm，棕褐至黑褐色，邊緣灰白色；Femaleimagoesarearrowhead-shaped,oftenslightlycurved,2-4mmlong,reddishbrowntodarkbrown,withgrayish-whitemargins;矢尖蚧為害癥狀DamageSymptomsofunaspisyanonensis(kuwana)3黑點蚧ParlatoriaZizyphusLucus雌成蟲的介殼長約1.6～1.8mm，寬約0.5～0.7mm，近長方形，漆黑色，后緣附有灰白色薄蠟片。Thescaleoffemaleimagoesisabout1.6-1.8mmlongand0.5-0.7mmwide,subrectangular,lacquerblack,withgrayish-whitethinwaxflakesattachedtotherearedge.4吹綿蚧IceryaPurchasiMaskell雌蟲體長6-7mm，身體橙黃色，背面隆起，上被有淡黃白色蠟質(zhì)物，腹部周緣有小瘤狀突起10余個，并分泌遮蓋身體的綿團(tuán)狀蠟粉，故很難見其真面目。Thefemaleis6-7mmlong,withanorange-yellowbody,abulgingback,yellowish-whitewaxysubstancesonthetop,andmorethan10smalltumor-likeprotrusionsaroundtheabdomen,andsecreteslumpywaxpowdercoveringthebody,soitisdifficulttoseeitstrueface.誘發(fā)煤煙病Inductionofsootymold防治技術(shù)ControlTechnique可于4月中旬，在柑橘園種植一些紫蘇、大豆等作物，可轉(zhuǎn)移介殼蟲對柑橘的危害，并為害蟲天敵提供食料、棲息及繁殖場所，可明顯減輕介殼蟲的危害。PlantsomecropssuchasperillaandsoybeaninthecitrusorchardinmidApril,whichcantransferthedamageofscaletocitrusandprovidefood,habitatandbreedingplacesfornaturalenemiesofscales,thustosignificantlyreducethehazardofscale.柑橘采收后的11-12月，刮除枝條上的越冬蟲體，剪除病蟲危害嚴(yán)重的枝葉，清除柑橘園的枯枝落葉、地衣苔蘚和雜草，并集中燒毀，清翻園土，將入土越冬的蟲體曬干凍死。FromNovembertoDecemberaftercitrusharvest,scrapeofftheoverwinteringinsectsonthebranches,cutoffthebranchesandleavesseriouslyharmedbydiseasesandpests,removethedeadbranches,fallenleaves,lichenmossandweedsinthecitrusorchard,burntheminacentralizedmanner,andclearthesoiloftheorchardtodryandfreezetheoverwinteringinsectsinthesoil.

防治技術(shù)

ControlTechnique（1）抓住最佳防治時機Seizethebesttimeforpreventionandcontrol

春梢抽生、開花期是柑橘蚧殼蟲的盛發(fā)期。當(dāng)春梢伸長到1～2mm時，要及時用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥噴施防治1次。

Theproductionofspringshootsandthebloomperiodarethefullincidenceperiodofcitrusscaleinsects.Whenspringshootsgrowto1-2mm,chemicalpesticidesshouldbetimelysprayedonce.夏梢抽生、生理落果期防治蚧殼蟲。6月中下旬正是柑橘第二次生理落果高峰至幼果生長期，又是梅雨季節(jié)尾聲和夏季干旱來臨之前，氣溫較高，空氣濕度也大，噴藥一般不會產(chǎn)生藥害，能有效地阻止第一代幼介上果、上新梢危害，極大地壓低蟲口數(shù)量。Controlscaleinsectsinthegrowthandphysiologicalfruitdropperiodsofsummershoots.Thesecondphysiologicalfruitdroppeakofcitrusinmid-to-lateJuneisthegrowthperiodofyoungfruits,anditisalsotheendoftheplumrainseasonandbeforethesummerdrought.Thetemperatureishighandtheairhumidityisalsohigh.Sprayingchemicalsgenerallywillnotcausephytotoxicity,whichcaneffectivelypreventthefirstgenerationofyoungfruitsandshootsfromdamagingandgreatlyreducethenumberofpests.其次是柑橘采收后的11～12月也是較佳防治適期，如果最佳適期內(nèi)防治不力，則應(yīng)盡可能在采果后抓緊噴藥，冬季氣溫低，柑橘進(jìn)入休眠，介殼蟲也處于相對靜止時期，因此，應(yīng)抓住這一時期進(jìn)行防治。Secondly,fromNovembertoDecember,aftercitrusharvest,isalsothebesttimeforcontrol.Ifthecontrolisnoteffectiveduringthebesttime,trytospraychemicalsafterfruitharvest.Whenthetemperatureislowinwinter,citrusentersdormancyandscaleinsectsarealsoinarelativelystaticperiod.Therefore,controlshouldbecarriedoutduringthisperiod.

2選準(zhǔn)合適的農(nóng)藥Selectsuitablepesticides由于濫用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥，導(dǎo)致柑桔介殼蟲產(chǎn)生了較高的抗藥性，造成一些常用的殺蟲劑效果下降。過去防治介類害蟲常用高毒農(nóng)藥，如氧化樂果、水胺硫磷等，目前這些農(nóng)藥已在生產(chǎn)上禁用，因此必須選擇一些高效低毒的殺蟲殺蚧劑。Duetothemisuseofchemicalpesticides,citrusscaleinsectshaveahighresistancetopesticides,resultinginadecreaseintheeffectivenessofsomecommonlyusedpesticides.Inthepast,high-toxicpesticideswerecommonlyusedtocontrol