北京市東城區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試 英語(yǔ) 含解析

高二英語(yǔ)2025.1本試卷共10頁(yè)，共100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，36分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共8小題;每小題1.5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ItwasaMondaynightandIwasextremelyupset.TwomonthsearlierIhad___1___toCanada,lookingforfunandadventure.WithinacoupleofweeksIknewI’dmadea/an___2___.EverywhereIwastoldIshouldn’tuseEnglishtermssuchaslift,bootorbiscuit.IwasinCanadanowsoIhadtospeaktheCanadianway.AtworkeverythingthatIsaidorIdidwasn’t“Canadian”.Ifoundmyselfa“strangeforeigner”toothers.Enoughwasenough;I___3___andwasgoinghome.Having___4___mybags,Idecidedtomakethebestofmylastnight,andwenttovolunteeratalocalfirstaidcenter.ThateveningIwaspairedwithaCanadianyoungmannamedLarry.Wehadtopracticeturningtheinjuredontheirside.Ihadn’tseentheCanadianmethodsoIdidintheEnglishway.LarrywatchedmeandIexpected___5___aboutEnglishways.Icouldn’tbearthat,sobeforehecouldstartIsaid,“I’msorry,butit’sthe___6___wayIknow.”Hepausedforamoment,lookedatmeandsaid,“Youknow,whatyoudid___7___.It’sjustasgoodastheCanadianmethodandachievesexactlythesameresult.Justdowhatyouknow.”Iwassurprised.Thenhesmiledatmeandsaid,“It’sOK,”andsuddenlyitwas.Iwenthomeandunpackedmybags.Larry,whogavemeback___8___inmyself,broughtsunshinebackintomylife.1.A.returned B.immigrated C.escaped D.adapted2.A.mistake B.difference C.decision D.inference3.A.droppedin B.setout C.gaveup D.tookoff4.A.sold B.packed C.found D.taken5.A.comments B.thoughts C.observations D.predictions6.A.quick B.easy C.only D.new7.A.fails B.changes C.ends D.works8.A.patience B.faith C.promise D.quality【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了移居加拿大兩個(gè)月的作者因語(yǔ)言和行為方式不同于當(dāng)?shù)厝硕趩实孟牖丶?，在做志愿者的最后一晚，作者用英?guó)方法幫傷者翻身，本以為會(huì)遭同伴L(zhǎng)arry的評(píng)論，沒想到他認(rèn)可了作者的做法，這讓作者重拾信心，決定留下?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩個(gè)月前，我移居到加拿大，尋找樂趣和冒險(xiǎn)。A.returned返回；B.immigrated移居；C.escaped逃跑；D.adapted適應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ookingforfunandadventure”和“I___3___andwasgoinghome”可知，作者來加拿大是想尋找樂趣和冒險(xiǎn)，他的家原本不在這里，由此可知，他是移居到加拿大。故選B。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周后，我意識(shí)到自己犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。A.mistake錯(cuò)誤；B.difference差異；C.decision決定；D.inference推斷。根據(jù)下文“EverywhereIwastoldIshouldn’tuseEnglishtermssuchaslift,bootorbiscuit.”和“AtworkeverythingthatIsaidorIdidwasn’t“Canadian”.Ifoundmyselfa“strangeforeigner”toothers.”可知，作者的語(yǔ)言和行為方式不同于當(dāng)?shù)丶幽么笕耍谶@里被當(dāng)作“陌生的外國(guó)人”，由此可知，他意識(shí)到自己來加拿大是犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。【3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：適可而止；我放棄了，準(zhǔn)備回家。A.droppedin順便拜訪；B.setout出發(fā)；C.gaveup放棄；D.tookoff起飛。根據(jù)上文“Enoughwasenough”和下文“wasgoinghome”可知，作者覺得不能繼續(xù)這樣了，準(zhǔn)備回家，由此可知，他決定放棄待在加拿大。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：打包好行李后，我決定好好利用我的最后一個(gè)晚上，去當(dāng)?shù)氐募本戎行淖鲋驹刚?。A.sold出售；B.packed打包；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.taken拿走。根據(jù)下文“Iwenthomeandunpackedmybags.”可知，后來作者打開行李，由此可知，他先是打包好行李。故選B。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Larry看著我，我預(yù)料他會(huì)對(duì)英國(guó)人的生活方式發(fā)表評(píng)論。A.comments評(píng)論；B.thoughts想法；C.observations觀察；D.predictions預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)上文“EverywhereIwastoldIshouldn’tuseEnglishtermssuchaslift,bootorbiscuit.”和“AtworkeverythingthatIsaidorIdidwasn’t“Canadian”.”可知，作者的語(yǔ)言和行為方式并不被加拿大人認(rèn)可，他們會(huì)對(duì)此加以評(píng)判，由此可知，作者預(yù)料身為加拿大人的Larry也會(huì)對(duì)自己用英國(guó)方法翻身發(fā)表評(píng)論。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無法忍受，所以在他開口之前，我說：“對(duì)不起，但這是我唯一知道的辦法。”A.quick快速的；B.easy容易的；C.only唯一的；D.new新的。根據(jù)上文“Ihadn’tseentheCanadianmethodsoIdidintheEnglishway.”可知，作者沒有見過加拿大的方法，只能用英國(guó)的方法做了，由此可知，他是解釋英國(guó)的方法是自己唯一知道的辦法，以此避免被身為加拿大人的Larry評(píng)判。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你知道嗎，你所做很有效。A.fails失敗；B.changes改變；C.ends結(jié)束；D.works有效。根據(jù)下文“It’sjustasgoodastheCanadianmethodandachievesexactlythesameresult.”可知，Larry認(rèn)為作者的做法和加拿大的方法一樣好，結(jié)果完全一樣，由此可知，他是說作者所做的很有效。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Larry讓我重新相信自己，讓我的生活重新充滿陽(yáng)光。A.patience耐心；B.faith信心；C.promise承諾；D.quality質(zhì)量。根據(jù)上文“It’sjustasgoodastheCanadianmethodandachievesexactlythesameresult.Justdowhatyouknow.”和“Thenhesmiledatmeandsaid,“It’sOK,”andsuddenlyitwas.”可知，Larry認(rèn)可了作者的英國(guó)做法，覺得作者的行為方式?jīng)]問題，由此可知，這會(huì)讓一直受挫的作者重新相信自己。故選B。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共8小題;每小題1.5分，共12分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WangYongzhi,apioneerofChina’smannedspaceprogram,wassawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic___9___September29th,2024.In1986,asheadofthegeneraldesigndepartment,WangguidedthedesignoftheLongMarchrocketandalsoplayedaleadingroleinProject863,____10____wasanationalhigh-techproject.Heandhiscolleaguescarriedoutover300largegroundtests,and____11____(overcome)20technicalchallenges.Finally,theLongMarch-2Emadeitssuccessfulflight.Wangpassedawayin2024.____12____helefttouswerehundredsofnotebooksandmorethanadozenpiecesoforalhistoriesabouthiswork.【答案】9.on10.which11.overcame12.What【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了中國(guó)載人航天事業(yè)的先驅(qū)王永志的生平事跡?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：2024年9月29日，中國(guó)載人航天事業(yè)的先驅(qū)王永志被授予中華人民共和國(guó)勛章。具體日期前用介詞on。故填on?！?0題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：1986年，作為總設(shè)計(jì)部主任，他指導(dǎo)了長(zhǎng)征火箭的設(shè)計(jì)，并在國(guó)家高新技術(shù)項(xiàng)目863工程中發(fā)揮了主導(dǎo)作用。此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Project863，指事物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他和他的同事們進(jìn)行了300多次大型地面試驗(yàn)，克服了20項(xiàng)技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)前文carried可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填overcame?！?2題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：他留給我們的是數(shù)百本筆記本和十幾篇關(guān)于他工作的口述歷史。此處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，表示“……的事”，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。位于句首，首字母大寫。故填What。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Weusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguage____13____(vary)fromculturetoculture.Whenused____14____(appropriate),bodylanguageservesasapowerfultooltobuildtrustbetweenpeople.Therefore,itisessentialtoknowtheculturaldifferencesinbodylanguage.Forexample,inChina,____15____(make)eyecontactwhentalkingwithsomeoneisawaytodisplayrespect.However,insomeMiddleEasterncountries,itisimpolite.Knowingthese,wecanavoid____16____(cause)misunderstandingsandconflict,andusebodylanguagemoreeffectively.【答案】13.varies14.appropriately15.making16.causing【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。本文主要討論了肢體語(yǔ)言在人際交往中的重要性，以及肢體語(yǔ)言因文化差異而存在的不同。【13題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：就像口頭語(yǔ)言一樣，肢體語(yǔ)言也因文化而異?？仗幾髦^語(yǔ)，陳述客觀事實(shí)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)“bodylanguage”為不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式varies。故填varies?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)使用得當(dāng)時(shí)，肢體語(yǔ)言是建立人與人之間信任的有力工具。修飾動(dòng)詞used需用副詞appropriately，作狀語(yǔ)。故填appropriately?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：例如，在中國(guó)，與人交談時(shí)保持眼神交流是一種表示尊重的方式?？仗幾髦髡Z(yǔ)，需用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填making?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：了解這些差異，我們可以避免造成誤解和沖突，并更有效地使用肢體語(yǔ)言。avoiddoingsth.為固定搭配，表示“避免做某事”。故填causing。第三節(jié)翻譯句子(共6小題;每小題2分，共12分)請(qǐng)將下面的中文句子翻譯成英文，翻譯時(shí)須運(yùn)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的詞匯。請(qǐng)將答案書寫在答題卡相應(yīng)位置。17.和朋友保持聯(lián)系很重要。(keepintouch)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】Keepingintouchwithfriendsisimportant.【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。表示“和……保持聯(lián)系”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)keepintouchwith，作主語(yǔ)，需用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；表示“朋友”應(yīng)用friends；表示“是”應(yīng)用be，此處陳述客觀事實(shí)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞用is；表示“重要的”應(yīng)用important。故翻譯成：Keepingintouchwithfriendsisimportant.。18.明天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們將正在國(guó)家公園里騎車。(cycle)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】We’llbecyclinginthenationalparkthistimetomorrow.【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。表示“明天這個(gè)時(shí)候”應(yīng)用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thistimetomorrow；表示“我們”應(yīng)用we；表示“騎車”應(yīng)用cycle，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，使用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)willbecycling；表示“國(guó)家公園”應(yīng)用thenationalpark。故翻譯成：We’llbecyclinginthenationalparkthistimetomorrow.。19.成為一名志愿者的想法吸引了我。(appealto)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】Theideaofbeingavolunteerappealstome.【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。表示“……的想法”應(yīng)用theideaof；表示“成為一名志愿者”應(yīng)用beavolunteer，位于介詞后面，使用動(dòng)名詞形式；表示“吸引”應(yīng)用appealto，陳述目前事實(shí)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；表示“我”應(yīng)用me。故翻譯為Theideaofbeingavolunteerappealstome.20.袁隆平為解決糧食問題奉獻(xiàn)了一生。(devote)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】YuanLongpingdevotedhislifetotacklingthefoodproblem.【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。本句描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)為YuanLongping；用句式devote…todoingsth表示“為解決糧食問題奉獻(xiàn)了一生”為devotehislifetotacklingthefoodproblem，to為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故翻譯為YuanLongpingdevotedhislifetotacklingthefoodproblem.21.據(jù)估計(jì)，60%的學(xué)生參加過社會(huì)活動(dòng)。(estimate;getinvolvedin)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】Itisestimatedthat60%studentshavegotinvolvedinsocialactivities.【解析】【詳解】考查固定句型和時(shí)態(tài)。表示“據(jù)估計(jì)”應(yīng)用固定句型Itisestimatedthat...，it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；表示“60%的學(xué)生”應(yīng)用60%students；表示“參加”應(yīng)用getinvolvedin，此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，助動(dòng)詞用have；表示“社會(huì)活動(dòng)”應(yīng)用socialactivities。故翻譯為Itisestimatedthat60%studentshavegotinvolvedinsocialactivities.。22.據(jù)我所知，他們已經(jīng)說服教授接受了邀請(qǐng)。(persuade)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】AsfarasIknow,theyhavepersuadedtheprofessortoaccepttheinvitation.【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。表示“據(jù)我所知”為固定搭配as

farasIknow，為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；表示“他們已經(jīng)說服教授”用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；用句式persuadesbtodosth表示“說服教授接受了邀請(qǐng)”為persuadtheprofessortoaccepttheinvitation。主謂一致，故翻譯為AsfarasIknow,theyhavepersuadedtheprofessortoaccepttheinvitation.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共11小題;每小題2分，共22分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ACreatingasmarthomeiseasierthanever.Smarthomedeviceshavebecomemoreaffordableandeasiertosetupthaninyearspast.Herearesomeofthetopsmarthomedevicesoftheyear.PhilipsHueStarterKitCompatible(兼容的)withsomerelevantappsonyoursmartphoneforvoicecontrolandintegration,PhilipsHueStarterKithaseverythingyouneedtomakeyourlightssmarter.Userscancontrolthelightsremotelywherevertheyusetheapp.Onebuyersaid,“LovethatIcanswitchonlightsremotelyandchangethecolorsoftheroomfromanapponthephone.”NestThermostat(恒溫器)Withreliableperformance,theNestThermostathasproventobeoneofbestproductsever.Itenablesyoutocontrolyourhome’stemperaturefromyoursmartphone,andprogramittoenterenergy-efficientmodewhenyouleavethehouse.Onebuyerremarked,“Oneofitsoutstandingfeaturesisitsabilitytolearnyourpreferencesandautomaticallyadjustsettingstokeepyoucomfortable.”AutomaticCurtainOpenerThesmartcurtainissuitableforbedrooms,livingrooms,offices,babyrooms,andmore.Itsupgradedmotorensuressmoothoperationevenonheavycurtains(upto15KG),perfectforthickcurtainmaterials.Meanwhile,itssilentmodeenablesyourdevicetooperatebelow25dB(分貝),allowingyourcurtainstodriftslowerandquieter,greatforwakingupinthemorningandperfectforthosewithsleepdisordersorpeoplewhoaresensitivetosound.Thisenvironmentallyfriendlydeviceiseasytouseandsaveselectricity.Userscanusethemobileapptomanagecurtainopening,closing,andopenpercentage.Voicecommandsarealsoaccepted.23.WhatcantheNestThermostatdo?A.Saveenergy. B.Changetheusers’habits.C.Operateinasilentmode. D.Correcttheusers’sleepingdisorder.24.Allthethreeproducts________.A.supportvoicecontrol B.providecustomerserviceC.canlearntheusers’preferences D.canbecontrolledfromthesmartphone【答案】23.A24.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三款頂級(jí)的智能家居設(shè)備?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NestThermostat(恒溫器)部分的“Itenablesyoutocontrolyourhome’stemperaturefromyoursmartphone,andprogramittoenterenergy-efficientmodewhenyouleavethehouse.(它可以讓你通過智能手機(jī)控制家中的溫度，并在你離開家時(shí)將其設(shè)置為節(jié)能模式)”可知，Nest恒溫器可以節(jié)約能源。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PhilipsHueStarterKit部分的“PhilipsHueStarterKithaseverythingyouneedtomakeyourlightssmarter.Userscancontrolthelightsremotelywherevertheyusetheapp.(PhilipsHue入門套件擁有讓你燈光更智能所需的一切。用戶可以在使用應(yīng)用程序的任何地方遠(yuǎn)程控制燈光)”，NestThermostat(恒溫器)部分的“Itenablesyoutocontrolyourhome’stemperaturefromyoursmartphone.(它可以讓你通過智能手機(jī)控制家中的溫度)”和最后一段“Userscanusethemobileapptomanagecurtainopening,closing,andopenpercentage.(用戶可以使用手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序管理窗簾的開合和開啟百分比)”可知，PhilipsHue入門套件、Nest恒溫器和自動(dòng)窗簾開啟器這三款產(chǎn)品都可以通過智能手機(jī)控制。故選D。BIt’saSaturdaymorningandI’mjustfourmetresfromtheground,clingingto(抓緊)awall.I’vereachedthetopandcan’tfindafootholdtostartbackdown.Myheartisbeatingfastandmywholebodyiscold.Icouldjustletgoanddroptothethick,softsafetymats(墊子)below;butalthoughIknowthatwouldn’thurt,somehowitseemsincredible.Iamheretofindoutwhysomanypeoplearefallinginlovewithindoorclimbing.Itisreportedthatthereareover35millionclimbersworldwide,andintheUKalonethenumbersaregrowingby15—20%ayear.So,what’stheattraction?“Ifinditreallyhardnottothinkaboutworkallthetime,”saysPaulLennon,whohasbeenclimbingfortwoyears.“ThewallistheoneplacewhereIdon’tevenneedtotrytoswitchoff.Youjustfocusonwhatyou’redoingandit’sveryrelaxing.There’slotsofproblem-solving,workingoutwheretoputyourhandsandfeet.Thementaleffortdistractsyoufromdoingmuchelse.”Anotherthingthatinterestsme,isthenumberofwomeninthisactivity.“It’snon-threatening,andyoudon’tneedtobeagreatathletetodoit.”says24-year-oldYasmine,whohasbeenclimbingforthreeyears.“Idon’tfeelatadisadvantage,andIknowsomeotherwomenclimbersfeellikeme.Ifatallstrongguydoestheclimbwithaone-armpull-up,Icandoitbystretchingoutoneofmylegsandbalancingonahold.MyyearsofgymnasticswhenIwasatschoolhavereallyhelped.AlthoughI’mshortandlookrelativelyweakcomparedwithothers,I’vegotaleg-upinotherways.”WhenIeventuallyunfreezeandmakeitbackdowntoearth,Inoticeanine-year-oldgirl.Sheseemsmuchmorematureinthedecisionmakingandteam-workingskillsthanIwouldnormallyexpectfromchildrenofherage.Havinglearnedthatshehasbeentoclassesforabouttwoyears.Idecidetohaveanothergo!25.Reachingthetopofthewall,theauthorfeels________.A.bored B.disappointed C.depressed D.frightened26.PaulLennonlikeswallclimbingbecauseithelpshim________.A.builduphisbody B.findthemeaningoflifeC.getawayfromwork D.solvephysicalproblems27.AccordingtoYasmine,whatisheradvantageinwallclimbing?A.Bodyflexibility. B.Teamworkspirit.C.Teachingexperience. D.Professionalknowledge.【答案】25.D26.C27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過親身體驗(yàn)室內(nèi)攀巖，并采訪了幾位攀巖愛好者，探討了室內(nèi)攀巖的吸引力以及為什么越來越多的人，包括女性，都愛上了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Myheartisbeatingfastandmywholebodyiscold.(我的心跳得很快，全身發(fā)冷。)”可知，作者到達(dá)墻頂時(shí)感到害怕。故選D。26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifinditreallyhardnottothinkaboutworkallthetime…ThewallistheoneplacewhereIdon’tevenneedtotrytoswitchoff.Youjustfocusonwhatyou’redoingandit’sveryrelaxing.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難一直不去想工作……攀巖墻是我唯一不需要刻意關(guān)掉工作思緒的地方。你只需要專注于你正在做的事情，這非常放松。)”可知，PaulLennon喜歡攀巖是因?yàn)樗軒椭h(yuǎn)離工作，放松自己。故選C。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“AlthoughI’mshortandlookrelativelyweakcomparedwithothers,I’vegotaleg-upinotherways.(雖然我個(gè)子矮，看起來比別人相對(duì)弱一些，但我在其他方面有優(yōu)勢(shì)。)”和“Icandoitbystretchingoutoneofmylegsandbalancingonahold.MyyearsofgymnasticswhenIwasatschoolhavereallyhelped.(我可以通過伸出一條腿，在一個(gè)支點(diǎn)上保持平衡來做到這一點(diǎn)。我在學(xué)校多年的體操訓(xùn)練真的很有幫助。)”可知，Yasmine認(rèn)為她在攀巖中的優(yōu)勢(shì)是身體靈活性。故選A。CIt’struethatthere’ssomethingpleasantandtrustworthyaboutasmile—butthiscanbemisleading.Digalittledeeperandyouwillfindthatthesmileisactuallyoneofthebiggestfakesgoing.Weallputonasmilenowandagaintocomfortourfellowhumansandavoidunnecessaryconflict.Weallsuppose,however,thatagenuine(真誠(chéng)的)smileoftrueenjoymentissomethingverydifferent.Infact,ithasbeengivenaname:theDuchennesmile.Thissmileusesthemusclesaroundtheeyestoliftthecheeks,producingwrinklesaroundtheeyes,andhaslongbeenheldasaninimitable(不可仿效的)signoftruehumanemotion.Oratleastitwasuntil2013,whenresearchersfromBostondestroyedthatsaying.Intheirstudy,onegroupofvolunteerswereaskedtoreproducesmilesshowninphotographs,andanothergrouptoevaluatewhetherthefirstgroup’ssmilesweregenuineSomeofthephotographsshowedmouth-onlysmiles,butothersshowedsmilesusingbothmouthandeye-muscles.Two-thirdsofindividualsturnedouttobeabletofakeasupposedlygenuinesmile,andtheywerealsoabletodothiswellintheireverydaylives.ThesefindingsindicatethateventhesupposedlygenuineDuchennesmilecanbeconvincinglysimulated.Somuchforsmilingbeinganinimitablesignoftruehumanemotion.Butwhyaresomepeoplesogoodatthiskindofsimulation?Theanswerisn’tnecessarilyevilorharmful.Infact,moreresearcheshavedemonstratedthatyoucanactuallysmileyourselfintoabettermood.Fakeornot,puttingonaDuchennesmilemaybejustthemedicinetofightagainstphysicalandmentaldifficulties.Thesmile,then,canbeafalsefriend.Peoplesmile—ornot—forallkindsofreasonsbeyondsimplyhowhappytheyarefeeling.But,asthesayinggoes,ifyoucan’tbeatthem,jointhem.Nexttimeyou’rehavingyourphotographtaken,don’tsay“cheese”;say“cheeks”.Saying“cheeks”willnotonlyshapeyourmouthnicely,butwillalsoremindyoutosqueezeyourcheeksupwardsintoavisuallysatisfying,genuine-lookingDuchennesmile.28.TheBostonresearchers’studyprovesthat________.A.smilesdon’thelpwithcommunicationB.notallgenuine-lookingsmilesshowtrueenjoymentC.theDuchennesmilecan’tbereplacedbyotherexpressionsD.thevolunteerswithtruesmileswon’tgetupseteasilyindailylife29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simulated”inParagraph4mean?A.Adjusted. B.Spread. C.Pretended. D.Tested.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardfalsesmiles?A.Reserved. B.Hesitant. C.Accepting. D.Negative.【答案】28.B29.C30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要探討了微笑，尤其是杜興式微笑的真實(shí)性與可模擬性，以及微笑在日常生活中的應(yīng)用。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Infact,ithasbeengivenaname:theDuchennesmile.Thissmileusesthemusclesaroundtheeyestoliftthecheeks,producingwrinklesaroundtheeyes,andhaslongbeenheldasaninimitablesignoftruehumanemotion.Oratleastitwasuntil2013,whenresearchersfromBostondestroyedthatsaying.(事實(shí)上，它有一個(gè)名字：杜興式微笑。這種微笑使用眼睛周圍的肌肉來抬起臉頰，在眼睛周圍產(chǎn)生皺紋，長(zhǎng)期以來一直被認(rèn)為是人類真實(shí)情感的不可模仿的標(biāo)志。或者至少直到2013年，波士頓的研究人員打破了這種說法。)”和第三段“Two-thirdsofindividualsturnedouttobeabletofakeasupposedlygenuinesmile,andtheywerealsoabletodothiswellintheireverydaylives.(三分之二的人能夠假裝出一個(gè)所謂的真誠(chéng)的微笑，他們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪幸材茏龅煤芎谩?”可知，波士頓研究人員的研究表明，并非所有看起來真誠(chéng)的微笑都表示真正的快樂，有些人可以假裝出杜興式微笑。故選B。【29題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Two-thirdsofindividualsturnedouttobeabletofakeasupposedlygenuinesmile,andtheywerealsoabletodothiswellintheireverydaylives.(結(jié)果顯示，三分之二的人能夠裝出看似真誠(chéng)的微笑，而且他們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪幸材茏龅煤芎谩?”可知，三分之二的人能夠假裝出一個(gè)所謂的真誠(chéng)的微笑，即使是所謂的真誠(chéng)的杜興式微笑也可以被令人信服地假裝，由此可推測(cè)出simulated在此處意為“假裝”，即人們可以假裝出杜興式微笑；劃線詞“simulated”與Pretended意思一致。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Peoplesmile—ornot—forallkindsofreasonsbeyondsimplyhowhappytheyarefeeling.But,asthesayinggoes,ifyoucan’tbeatthem,jointhem.(人們微笑或不微笑有各種各樣的原因，而不僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄兏杏X有多快樂。但是，俗話說，如果你不能打敗他們，就加入他們吧。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為假笑在某些情況下是可以接受的，甚至可以利用它來改善心情或應(yīng)對(duì)某些情況，所以作者對(duì)假笑持接受的態(tài)度。故選C。DItisoneofthebiggestquestionsinenvironmentalprotection:Shouldwebesharingourlandscapeswithnaturebyrestoringsmallwoodlandsandadoptingsmall-sizeeco-friendlyfarming?Orshouldweinsteadbesparinglargeareasoflandfornature—bycreatingmorenationalparksandindustrializingagricultureonexistingfarmland?Theargumentbetween‘sparing’and‘sharing’begandecadesago.Leadingtoday’sargumentforthesparersistheresearcherBeniaminPhalan,whobelievesthatbyproducingmorefoodperunitoffarmarea,morelandwouldbeavailableforwildlife.HelookedattherelationshipbetweencropyieldsandthenumberofbirdandtreespeciesintheforestsinAfricaandAsia,andfoundthatbiodiversitydidbestwhereintensifiedcroppingleftspaceforunfarmedhabitatsHeconcludedthat“mostspecieswillhavelargerpopulationsiffoodisproducedonassmallanareaaspossible,whilesparingaslargeanareaofnatureaspossible.”Gameover?Notsofast.Aleadingsupporterofwildlife-friendlyfarming,ClaireKremenoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,hascomeoutfighting.ShesaysthatPhalan’sfindings“don’tassessthelong-termconsequencesofisolating(孤立)speciesinprotectedareas.”Herresearchshowsthat“evenverylargeprotectedareaswilllosespeciesiftheyremainisolatedovertime.”Sointhelongrun,sparingwon’tsparemorelandfornatureconservationorfeedtheworldforever.Toavoidmassextinctionandecosystembreakdown,wemustintegratebiodiversityprotectionintothelandscapeweuse.So,sparingorsharing?Infact,agriculturalintensificationwon’tdelivermorelandfornatureunlesstherearetoughrulestoprotectlandnotyetfarmed.Inthe19thcentury,moreefficientcoal-poweredenginesdidnotreducecoalburningbutmassivelyincreaseditbykick-startingtheindustrialrevolution.Followingthatexample,theresultofagriculturalintensificationwillprobablybemorelandtobefarmed.Naturedoesnotrecognizetheboundariesofnationalparks.WhethermigratingelephantsinKenyaormonarchbutterfliesinNorthAmerica,muchnatureexistsinhuman-madeagriculturallandscapes.Recentresearchsuggeststhatsimplyreservinglandwillremoveallthreatstoveryfewspecies—only3percentinfact.Sothepotentialtosharethelandwithoutgivingupnature’slastwildplacesismuchgreaterthanoncethought.LikewhatKremensays,“Wecanspare50percentandsharetherest.”31.Whatwillthesparersprobablyagreewith?A.Relyingonbirdstogetridofpests.B.Protectinginsectsbyorganicfarming.C.Erasingtheboundariesofnationalparks.D.Enlargingthesizeofnaturallygrowingforests.32.Whydoestheauthormentionthecoal-poweredenginesinParagraph4?A.Toanalysetheconsequenceoftheindustrialrevolution.B.Toremindusofthepossibleriskofintensifiedcropping.C.Topresentanexampleoffailureinenvironmentalprotection.D.Tocompareagriculturalintensificationwithwildlife-friendlyfarming.33.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?AHowtoquiettheargumentabouteco-friendlyfarming.B.Howtobalanceenvironmentalpprotectionandagriculture.C.Howtotacklethechallengeofpreventingecosystembreakdown.D.Howtoreduceenvironmentaldamagecausedbymixedagriculture.【答案】31.D32.B33.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。本文主要討論了關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的兩種策略：“保留”和“共享”，并探討了如何在兩者之間找到平衡?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Leadingtoday’sargumentforthesparersistheresearcherBeniaminPhalan,whobelievesthatbyproducingmorefoodperunitoffarmarea,morelandwouldbeavailableforwildlife.(如今，保留派的主要代表是研究人員BeniaminPhalan，他認(rèn)為，通過提高單位農(nóng)田面積的食物產(chǎn)量，可以為野生動(dòng)物騰出更多的土地。)”可知，保留派可能會(huì)同意擴(kuò)大自然生長(zhǎng)森林的面積，為野生動(dòng)物提供更多的棲息地。故選D。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Infact,agriculturalintensificationwon’tdelivermorelandfornatureunlesstherearetoughrulestoprotectlandnotyetfarmed.Inthe19thcentury,moreefficientcoal-poweredenginesdidnotreducecoalburningbutmassivelyincreaseditbykick-startingtheindustrialrevolution.(事實(shí)上，農(nóng)業(yè)集約化不會(huì)為自然提供更多的土地，除非有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定來保護(hù)尚未耕種的土地。19世紀(jì)，更高效的煤動(dòng)力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并沒有減少煤炭燃燒，反而通過引發(fā)工業(yè)革命而大規(guī)模增加了煤炭燃燒。)”可知，作者提到煤動(dòng)力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是為了提醒我們集約化耕作可能帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)集約化在沒有嚴(yán)格規(guī)則保護(hù)未開發(fā)的土地的情況下可能導(dǎo)致更大面積土地被開發(fā)和利用，即可能會(huì)像工業(yè)革命時(shí)期一樣，導(dǎo)致對(duì)土地資源的過度開發(fā)和利用。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Itisoneofthebiggestquestionsinenvironmentalprotection:Shouldwebesharingourlandscapeswithnaturebyrestoringsmallwoodlandsandadoptingsmall-sizeeco-friendlyfarming?Orshouldweinsteadbesparinglargeareasoflandfornature—bycreatingmorenationalparksandindustrializingagricultureonexistingfarmland?(這是環(huán)境保護(hù)中最大的問題之一：我們應(yīng)該通過恢復(fù)小林地和采用小型環(huán)保農(nóng)業(yè)來與自然共享我們的景觀嗎？或者，我們應(yīng)該通過創(chuàng)建更多的國(guó)家公園和在現(xiàn)有農(nóng)田上實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)工業(yè)化，為自然保留大片土地嗎？)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要討論了如何平衡環(huán)境保護(hù)和農(nóng)業(yè)的問題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Oneofthemajorproblemsforscientistsliesincommunicatingthevalueofresearchtothegeneralpublic.____34____Inordertocommunicatenewscientificdevelopmentseffectively,universitiesandresearchinstitutesnowtrytomakepressreleasesuser-friendly.Thesepressreleasesaretargeteddtothegeneralpublic,includinginformationaboutriskaswellasthelimitationsofaparticularsciencestudy.Thedevelopmentofblogshashelpedinbringingscienceclosertothepublic.Sciencebloggersgenerallyfocusonareasofsciencethattheyarebothpassionateandknowledgeableabout._____35_____Anditisthisthatperhapsmostattractsmembersofthepublic.Ed’sPopularScience,forinstance,isfilleddwiththewriter’spassionanddown-to-earthattitudetowardsscience.Hischatty,youthfulstyleattractsawiderangeofreaders.____36____EarlypioneersincludeJacquesCousteau,whosebeautifullyfilmeddocumentariesopeneduptheoceanstomillions.ThisquicklyrealisedthepotentialofTVtomakesciencecomealiveforviewers.Othersciencedocumentaryfilms,suchastheBBCTVseriesWondersoftheSolarSystem,haveeagerlyfollowedsuit.____37____Forexample,scientistsareofferedvideoservicestocreateonlinepresentationsoftheirresearch.Neverthelessdespitethisprogress,communicationstillremainsoneofscience’sbiggestproblems.Somescientistsoftenunderestimatetheimportanceoftheabilitytounderstandandeffectivelyusevariousformsofmedia.____38____Perhapsitistimethatuniversitiesaddressedthisproblem,andthoughtaboutaddingcommunicationstrainingtothecurriculum.A.Televisionhasalsoboostedtheimageofscience.B.Thisbringsscienceintothefieldofpopularculture.C.Theyoftenwriteaboutscienceinanaccessible,livelymanner.D.ThepowerofvisualmediaviatheInternethasalsobeenused.E.Thereisatendencyamongscientiststowardsold-fashionedresearchapproach.F.Consequently,publicattentionandsupportfortheirresearchmaybemissedout.G.Scientificorganisationshavecomealongwayindevelopingwaystomakesciencemoreaccessibletonon-specialistgroups.【答案】34.G35.C36.A37.D38.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了科學(xué)家向公眾傳達(dá)研究的價(jià)值所采用的方法和取得的進(jìn)步?！?4題詳解】上文“Oneofthemajorproblemsforscientistsliesincommunicatingthevalueofresearchtothegeneralpublic.(科學(xué)家面臨的主要問題之一是向公眾傳達(dá)研究的價(jià)值。)”和下文“Inordertocommunicatenewscientificdevelopmentseffectively,universitiesandresearchinstitutesnowtrytomakepressreleasesuser-friendly.(為了有效地傳播新的科學(xué)發(fā)展，大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在試圖使新聞稿對(duì)用戶友好。)”說明科學(xué)家在向公眾（即非專業(yè)群體）傳達(dá)研究的價(jià)值方面已經(jīng)取得了進(jìn)步，選項(xiàng)“G.科學(xué)組織在發(fā)展使非專業(yè)群體更容易獲得科學(xué)的方法方面已經(jīng)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步?！背猩蠁⑾?，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】上文“Thedevelopmentofblogshashelpedinbringingscienceclosertothepublic.Sciencebloggersgenerallyfocusonareasofsciencethattheyarebothpassionateandknowledgeableabout.(博客的發(fā)展有助于拉近科學(xué)與公眾的距離。科學(xué)博主通常關(guān)注他們既感興趣又有知識(shí)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。)”說明科學(xué)博主想辦法拉近科學(xué)與公眾的距離，選項(xiàng)“C.他們經(jīng)常用通俗易懂、生動(dòng)活潑的方式寫科學(xué)?！背薪由衔?，說明他們的具體做法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】下文“EarlypioneersincludeJacquesCousteau,whosebeautifullyfilmeddocumentariesopeneduptheoceanstomillions.ThisquicklyrealisedthepotentialofTVtomakesciencecomealiveforviewers.(早期的開拓者包括雅克·庫(kù)斯托，他拍攝的精美紀(jì)錄片為數(shù)百萬(wàn)人打開了海洋的大門。這很快意識(shí)到電視的潛力，使科學(xué)為觀眾生動(dòng)起來。)”說明電視使科學(xué)生動(dòng)起來，選項(xiàng)“A.電視也提升了科學(xué)的形象?！币I(lǐng)下文，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】下文“Forex