小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)及習(xí)題

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)及習(xí)題一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-pol

2、icemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ，child-children ，foot-feet, tooth-teeth，fish-fish, people-people, chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese6.合成詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則 1)以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：homework, newspaper等。2)以man或woman為前綴的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如：woman doctorwomen doctors, man waitermen waiters.7.集體名詞，以單數(shù)形

3、式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如： peoplepolice等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō) a people，a police，但可以說(shuō)a person，a policeman， the english，the british，the french，the chinese，the japanese，the swiss 等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如the chinese are industries and brave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) i _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _t

4、ooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 【no. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：the sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：i get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：the earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(

5、am,is,are)+其它。如：i am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：we study english.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es。如：mary likes chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。如：he is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：be +主語(yǔ)+其它。如：-are you a student? -yes. i am. / no, im not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：where i

6、s my bike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ dont( doesnt ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：i dont like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：he doesnt often play.一般疑問(wèn)句：do( does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：- do you often play football?- yes, i do. / no, i dont.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：- does she go to work by bike?- yes, she does. / no, she doesnt

7、.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：how does your father go to work?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練: 一、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_

8、watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. he often _(have) dinner at home.2. daniel and tommy _(be) in class one.3. we _(not watch) tv on monday.4. nick _(not go) to the zoo on sunday.5. _ they _(like) the world cup?6. what _they often _(do) on saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read)

9、 newspapers every day?8. the girl _(teach) us english on sundays.9. she and i _(take) a walk together every evening.10. there _(be) some water in the bottle.11. mike _(like) cooking.12. they _(have) the same hobby.13. my aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. you always _(do) your homework well.1

10、5. i _(be) ill. im staying in bed.16. she _(go) to school from monday to friday.17. liu tao _(do) not like pe.18. the child often _(watch) tv in the evening.19. su hai and su yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. what day _(be) it today? its saturday.三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子1. tom watches tv every evening.(改為否

11、定句) _2. i do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) _3. she likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答) _ 4. amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) _5. we go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _6. he speaks english very well.(改為否定句)_7. i like taking photos in the park.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _8. john comes from canada.(對(duì)劃線部

12、分提問(wèn)) _9. she is a good student.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) _10. simon and daniel like going skating.(改為否定句) _五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線上) 1. is your brother speak english? _ 2. does he likes going fishing? _ 3. he likes play games after class. _ 4. mr. wu teachs us english. _ 5. she dont do her homework on sundays.

13、_三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，

14、雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.the boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. listen .some girls _ ( sing)in the classr

15、oom .3. my mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. what _ you _ ( do ) now?5. look . they _( have) an english lesson .6.they _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.what is our granddaughter doing? she _(listen ) to music.9. its 5 oclock now. we _(have)supper now1

16、0._helen_(wash )clothes? yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. they are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)_2the students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)_3im playing the football in the playground .(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))_4tom is reading books in his room . (對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))_四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句

17、中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do； will+ do. 三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。例如：im going to have a picnic this afternoon. im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問(wèn)句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一

18、二人稱互換。例如：we are going to go on an outing this weekend. are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。1. 問(wèn)人。who 例如：im going to new york soon. whos going to new york soon.2. 問(wèn)干什么。what do.例如： my father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. what is your father

19、going to do with you this afternoon.3. 問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。when.例如：shes going to go to bed at nine. when is she going to bed?六、同義句：be going to = willi am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = i will go swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí)：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。i_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.i _ have a picnic with my friends.2.

20、 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。what _ _ _ _ _ next monday? i _ _ _ play basketball.what _ you do next monday? i _ play basketball.3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?yes, she _. she _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。what time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. nancy is going to go on a picnic.（

21、改否定）nancy _ going to go on a picnic.6. ill go and visit them.（改否定）i _ go _ visit them.7. im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. we will meet at the bus station at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ meet at the bus station at 10:30.9. she is going to listen to music after sch

22、ool.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. my father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11. today is a sunny day. we _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. my brother _ (go) to shanghai next week.13. tom often _(go

23、) to school on foot. but today is rain. he _ (go) to school by bike.14. what do you usually do at weekends? i usually _ (watch) tv and _(catch) insects? 15. its friday today. what _she _ (do) this weekend? she _ (watch) tv and _ (catch) insects.16. what _ (d0) you do last sunday? i _ (pick) apples o

24、n a farm. what _ (do) next sunday? i _ (milk) cows.17. mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. liu tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. david _ (give) a puppet show next monday.20. i _ (plan) for my study now五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2be動(dòng)

25、詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt +動(dòng)詞原形，如：jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：did jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？如：

26、 what did jim do yesterday?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如：who went to home yesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said,

27、give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote,draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, swim-swam, sit-sat過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 is/am_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _eat

28、_ draw_ put _eat_throw_ pass_ do _be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）一、 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. i _ at school just now.2. he _ at the camp last week.3. we _ students two years ago.4. they _ on the farm a moment ago.5. yang ling _ eleven years old last year.6. there _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. there _ some milk in the fri

29、dge on sunday.8. the mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. it was exciting.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯、否定回答：_2. they were in his pocket.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯、否定回答：_be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. i _ an english teacher now.2. she _ happy yesterday.3. they _ glad to see each other last month.4. helen and nancy

30、 _ good friends.5. the little dog _ two years old this year.6. look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. there _ a sign on the chair on monday.8. today _ the second of june. yesterday _ the first of june. it _ childrens day. all the students _ very excited.行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. he _ (live) in wuxi t

31、wo years ago.2. the cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. we _ (have) a party last halloween.4. i _ (make) a model ship with mike yesterday.5. they _ (play) chess in the classroom last pe lesson.6. my mother _ (cook) a nice food last spring festival.7. the girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換

32、1. su hai took some photos at the sports day.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯、否定回答：_2. sam went to school early.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯、否定回答：_3. we sang some english songs.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯、否定回答：_行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. i _ (watch) a cartoon on saturday.2. her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. we _ to zoo yesterday, w

33、e _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last spring festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on sunday? yes, he _.6. what _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? she _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. they played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯、否定回答：_ 三、中譯英1. 斯瑪特先生去年住在中國(guó)。 _2.

34、昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 _過(guò)去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)（1）一、 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. it _ (be) amys birthday last friday.2. we all _ (have) a good time last night.3. he _ (jump) high on last sports day. 4. she likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)5. he _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)9. i _ (watch) a cartoo

35、n on monday.10. we _ (go) to school on sunday.過(guò)去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)（2）一、 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. it _ (be) the 2nd of november yesterday. mr smart _ (go) to his office by car.2. gao shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. dont _ the house. mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. what _ you _ just now? i _ some housework. (d

36、o)5. they _ (make) a kite a week ago.6. _ he _ the flowers this morning? yes, he _. (water)7. she _ (be) a pretty girl. look, she _ (do) chinese dances.8. the students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.六、形容詞的比較級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)一、形容詞的比較級(jí)1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a li

37、ttle 來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語(yǔ)中可用賓格）。2形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ；以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ；以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加er ；以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful三、練習(xí)一)、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_二)、根據(jù)句意填入單詞

38、的正確形式：1. my brother is two years _(old)than me.2. tom is as _(fat) as jim.3. is your sister _(young) than you? yes,she is.4. who is _(thin),you or helen? helen is.5. whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? hers is.6. marys hair is as _(long) as lucys.7.ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys i

39、n his class. 8.my eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 9.which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 三)、翻譯句子：1、誰(shuí)比jim年紀(jì)大？_ is _than jim？2、誰(shuí)比david更強(qiáng)壯？_ _ than david? 3、誰(shuí)的鉛筆更長(zhǎng)，他的還是她的？_ pencil is _,_or_？4、誰(shuí)的蘋(píng)果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _ apples _ _,your _ or your _? my _ _.七、there be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別1、there be 句型表示

40、：在某地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用is ; 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句， or

41、 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：how many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？how much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？8、針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：whats + 介詞短語(yǔ)？fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are” 1. i_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telephone on the desk. 3. he_a radio. 4. _a basketball in the

42、 playground. 5. she_some dresses. 6. they_a nice garden（花園）. 7. what do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building? 9. what does mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase? 11. my father_a story-book. 12. _a story-book on the table. 13. _any flowers in the vase? 14. how many students_in the classroom? 15.

43、my parents_some nice pictures. 16. _some maps on the wall. 17. _a map of the world on the wall. 18. _many children on the hill.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1、there a lot of sweets in the box.2、there some milk in the glass.3、there some people under the the big tree.4、there a picture and a map on the wall.5、there a box of rubbers near the books.6、there lots of flowers in our garden last year.7、there a cake behin