英語(yǔ)寫作表邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞ppt課件.ppt

1、1,1.表順承、補(bǔ)充與遞進(jìn),2,1.表順承、補(bǔ)充與遞進(jìn): and; whats more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; further（而且，況且）; similarly; also; either; too; whats worse; on the one hand.，on the other hand.； to make matters/things worse(使事情更糟的是). 如：I dont want to go; besides, Im too tired. The rent is reas

2、onable, and moreover, the location is perfect.,3,2.表轉(zhuǎn)折,4,2.表轉(zhuǎn)折：but; however; yet; instead; on the contrary（相反地）; nevertheless（然而）; otherwise; after all(畢竟). Eg: Its too hot to go for a walk, lets go swimming instead.,5,3.表因果 (1)引出原因,6,3.表因果： (1)引出原因: for; as; since; now that; because; thanks/owing/d

3、ue to; because of; on account of; as a result/consequence of; in consequence of; result from（vt，由引起）; Eg: We should be more careful, for it is already dark. Lets stay at home, for its raining hard outside.,7,(2)引出結(jié)果,8,(2)引出結(jié)果: so; therefore; thus; hence; as a result/consequence; in consequence; cons

4、equently; account for（v，是的原因）; result in（vt，導(dǎo)致）; lead to（vt，導(dǎo)致）; bring about（vt，導(dǎo)致）; cause（vt，導(dǎo)致）; so that(以致); (so)that; (祈使句+)and/or/otherwise（+句子） Eg: These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.,9,4.表讓步,10,4.表讓步: although; though; while; even if/though; while; as倒裝句；疑問(wèn)詞-ever; no mat

5、ter +疑問(wèn)詞; despite; in spite of; however; in any case; Eg: While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. Fail as I did, I would never give up.,11,5.表目的,12,5.表目的: in order to/that; so as to; for fear that; so that(以便); lest; in case（以防，以免）. Eg: He ran away lest he should be seen. She took

6、an umbrella with her for fear (that) it might rain.,13,6.表?xiàng)l件,14,6.表?xiàng)l件: if; unless; once(一旦,用于將來(lái)動(dòng)作); so/as long as（只要）; suppose (that); supposing that; providing (that); provided (that) ; assuming (that) ; given that; on condition that（如果）; in case+句子; in case of+名詞（萬(wàn)一）. Eg: Given that the patients h

7、ave some disabilities, we will try to enable them to be as independent as possible. In case John comes, please tell him to wait. You may borrow the book, on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.,15,7.表時(shí)間,16,7.表時(shí)間: before; after; when; while; as; since; until; till; the week/year; by the

8、time; as soon as; the moment/minute/instant/second/time+句子; no soonerthan; hardly/scarcelywhen; on/upon+名詞/動(dòng)名詞; ever since（從那時(shí)以來(lái)）; from then on; lately; recently; later; afterwards; Eg: Well leave the minute you are ready. I had hardly come home when it began to rain. = Hardly had I come home when i

9、t began to rain.,17,8表示特定的順序關(guān)系,18,8表示特定的順序關(guān)系：to begin with; initially ; first of all; firstly; first; secondly; second; then; next; finally; in the end; eventually; last but not least； at last; Eg: And above all, remember to send us your new address. Firstly Ill mention the advantage, then Ill talk

10、about the disadvantages.,19,9. 換一種方式表達(dá),20,9. 換一種方式表達(dá)：in other words; that is to say; to put it another way. Eg: Lets go back to the original plan, that is to say, you go ahead by plane and well follow by car with the equipment. Your performance in the exam didnt reach the required standard in other

11、words, you failed.,21,10. 進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明,22,10. 進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明：for instance; for example; like; for one thing.，for another. ; in particular； a good example (of.)would be.； such as. Eg: Weve planted lots of different flowers, such as roses, carnations.,23,11. 用于陳述事實(shí),24,11. 用于陳述事實(shí)：in fact; in reality; as a matter of

12、fact; actually; to tell you the truth. Eg: She says its a good film. Actually, she hasnt seen it at all. To tell you the truth, who will go to the meeting is not important.,25,12. 對(duì)一個(gè)話題進(jìn)行總結(jié),26,12. 對(duì)一個(gè)話題進(jìn)行總結(jié)：on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； in a word. Eg: On the whole, the area of desert in the world is growing every year. In short, the film was the best Ive ever seen.,27,Task: Write a composition with the logical words we just learned. (About 120-180w