在20世紀(jì)50年代的美國(guó)ppt課件.ppt

1、Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Jenny Strader,THE 1950s:,“Anxiety, Alienation, and Social Unrest” ?,“Conservatism, Complacency, and Contentment”,OR,I Like Ike,-Korean War ends Trumans popularity -1952 election won by Dwight Eisenhower Nixon is V.P. “Checkers Speech”- speech where he denies allegations that he

2、 received gifts, except their family dog Checkers -Middle or Straight Road policies Ike pursues policies between Laissez-faire and New Deal activism,Korean War,-Korean War had destroyed Trumans popularity -Eisenhower pledged an end to the war -War ends in a cease fire at the original 38th parallel,C

3、ommunist Fears,-McCarthyism Ike never directly challenged his claims -Spy cases kept issue before the public -development of a hydrogen bomb that is much more powerful -scientists opposed the new weapon but it proceeded -1952 1st H-bomb is tested -1953 USSR tests their own H-bomb,Brink of War,-John

4、Foster Dulles was Sec. Of State -containment of communism based on threat of war -massive retaliation using nuclear weapons -reduced size of regular forces and buildup of nuclear arsenal -Began the arms race- race to see who had most powerful nuclear arsenal -citizens build backyard bomb shelters an

5、d practice air raid drills -”Duck and Cover”- name of drill taught to children and US citizens,Brink of War,Brink of War,Cold War Spreads,-newly developed CIA -covert actions in Iran and Guatemala -1953, Joseph Stalin died and tensions seemed to relax Nikita Krushchev: new Communist leader of Soviet

6、 Union -Soviet suppression of Hungarian Revolt, 1954- US had promised support but not deliver because of fear of nuclear war -Warsaw Pact formed in 1955 -Eisenhower Doctrine-stated again that the U.S. should try to defend any nation against communism; sent aid to Middle East to protect oil interests

7、,Space Race,-1957, USSR develops ICBM : intercontinental ballistic missiles (missiles that can travel between continents to deliver H-bombs to their targets) new threat of long range nuclear attack US lagged behind the Soviet Union in missile development -Oct. 1957, USSR launches Sputnik: first arti

8、ficial satellite to orbit earth confirms development of ICBMs,Space Race,-great embarrassment to the U.S. creation of NASA to catch up - National Aeronautics and Space Administration- independent agency for space exploration -U.S. launches satellite in early 1958 -Race to Space and the Moon had begu

9、n,U-2,-U.S. intelligence begins spy missions over USSR -U-2 Spy plane was supposedly undetectable because it flew 15 miles about ground -Soviet Summit scheduled -May, 1960 Gary Francis Powers was shot down in his U-2 plane over Russia- they used a GUIDED missile again demonstrating their advantage i

10、n missile development -Cold War escalates,Eisenhower Legacy,-Ended Korean War -Red Scare Continues -Space Program Begins -Economic Boom of the 50s -Return to more Conservative government,Suburbia,-most new homes were in the suburbs -baby boom generation -Medical breakthroughs Jonas Salk- developed t

11、he vaccine for polio, most feared disease in children -Childrearing Dr. Spocks influence- convinced American parents to dote and love on their children,1A. Baby Boom,It seems to me that every other young housewife I see is pregnant. - British visitor to America, 1958,1957 1 baby born every 7 seconds

12、,1B. Baby Boom,Dr. Benjamin Spock and the Anderson Quintuplets,2A. Suburban Living,$7,990 or $60/month with no down payment.,Levittown, L. I.: “The American Dream”,1949 William Levitt produced 150 houses per week.,2A. Suburban Living:The New “American Dream”,1 story high 12x19 living room 2 bedrooms

13、 tiled bathroom garage small backyard front lawn,By 1960 1/3 of the U. S. population in the suburbs.,2B. Suburban Living,SHIFTS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, 1940-1970 1940 1950 1960 1970 Central Cities 31.6% 32.3% 32.6% 32.0% Suburbs 19.5% 23.8% 30.7% 41.6% Rural Areas/ 48.9% 43.9% 36.7% 26.4% Small

14、Towns U. S. Bureau of the Census.,2c. Suburban Living:The Typical TV Suburban Families,The Donna Reed Show1958-1966,Leave It to Beaver1957-1963,Father Knows Best1954-1958,The Ozzie warned against the evils of Communism.,8B. Religious Revival,Hollywood: apex of the biblical epics.,Its un-American to

15、be un-religious! - The Christian Century, 1954,The Robe The Ten Commandments Ben Hur 1953 1956 1959,Women in America,-many working women were paid less and restricted to certain jobs -role of women -glorified role of the housewife -boredom and unfulfillment -Betty Freidan “Feminine Mystique”- book t

16、hat challenged conformity and womens limited roles -beginning of womens liberation movement,9A. Well-Defined Gender Roles,The ideal modern woman married, cooked and cared for her family, and kept herself busy by joining the local PTA and leading a troop of Campfire Girls. She entertained guests in h

17、er familys suburban house and worked out on the trampoline to keep her size 12 figure. - Life magazine, 1956,MarilynMonroe,The ideal 1950s man was the provider, protector, and the boss of the house. - Life magazine, 1955,1956 William H. Whyte, Jr. The Organization Man a middle-class, white suburban

18、male is the ideal.,9B. Well-Defined Gender Roles,Changing Sexual Behavior: Alfred Kinsey: 1948 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male 1953 Sexual Behavior in the Human Female,Premarital sex was common. Extramarital affairs were frequent among married couples.,Kinseys results are an assault on the family

19、as a basic unit of society, a negation of moral law, and a celebration of licentiousness. - Life magazine, early 1950s,10A. Progress Through Science,1951 - First IBM Mainframe Computer 1952 - Hydrogen Bomb Test 1953 - DNA Structure Discovered 1954 - Salk Vaccine Tested for Polio 1957 - First Commerc

20、ial U. S. Nuclear Power Plant 1958 - NASA Created 1959 - Press Conference of the First 7 American Astronauts,10B. Progress Through Science,1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I,1958 National Defense Education Act,10C. Progress Through Science,UFO Sightings skyrocketed in the 1950s.,War of the Worlds,Hollyw

21、ood used aliens as a metaphor for whom ?,10D. Progress Through Science,Atomic Anxieties: “Duck-and-Cover Generation”,Atomic Testing: 1946-1962 U. S. exploded 217 nuclear weapons over the Pacific and in Nevada.,The 50s Come to a Close,1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate”,Cold War - Tensions,- Technology & Affluence,Poverty,-1/4 of Americans were below poverty line -”O(jiān)ther America” -White Flight -million of middle class whites moved to suburbs -loss of tax dollars hurt city services -lots of rural poor move to cities -breakdown of