大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文輔導(dǎo)講座講稿.ppt

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文 輔導(dǎo)講稿,Collin Wang,一大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),四級(jí)作文采用總體評(píng)分(globalscoring)方法，閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分(rewardscores)，而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。我們要從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言?xún)蓚€(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過(guò)語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語(yǔ)清楚而合適地表達(dá)思想，也就要考慮語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。,一大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這里我將對(duì)是否用英語(yǔ)充分表達(dá)思想解釋一下，也許大家看到hotdoor的時(shí)候可能會(huì)想到熱門(mén)，

2、因?yàn)槲覀兪褂昧薭ack-translation,我們?cè)谟弥形牡乃季S方式替學(xué)生考慮，來(lái)猜測(cè)他想要表達(dá)什么意思，但是在改試卷當(dāng)中，這是絕對(duì)不允許的，我們必須嚴(yán)格按照英語(yǔ)的思維來(lái)考慮，如果語(yǔ)言的錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致了我們不能夠使用英語(yǔ)的思維來(lái)理解，那么分?jǐn)?shù)就高不上去了。,一大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),四級(jí)寫(xiě)作所占分值為15%，（按百分制算）閱卷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為五個(gè)等級(jí)：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。（按新的方法710分算）.作文分?jǐn)?shù)還是占總分的15%，也就是106.5分，在這部分你要達(dá)到63.9分為及格。答題時(shí)間為30分鐘。批改時(shí)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷，老師參照樣卷對(duì)大家的作文進(jìn)行評(píng)分，首先你和哪個(gè)檔次的樣卷接近，則上下浮

3、動(dòng)。,一大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),2分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子都有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 5分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：基本切題，表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。 8分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：基本切題，有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。,一大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),11分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。 14分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好，基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。,一大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),字?jǐn)?shù)要求: 四級(jí)寫(xiě)作在2002年6月以后要求不少于120詞。字?jǐn)?shù)不足會(huì)酌情扣分. 高分作文

4、特點(diǎn): 1.內(nèi)容切題 文章要結(jié)構(gòu)完整、內(nèi)容充實(shí)（包含提綱、圖表、圖畫(huà)和題目要求的所有信息）、主題突出、上下文內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一。,2.表達(dá)清楚 文章要具有清晰的層次和充分有力的論證。中西方文化差異造成漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的思維方式和文字表述方式截然不同；漢語(yǔ)多習(xí)慣概括描述。而英語(yǔ)更注重事實(shí)論證。所以，寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)作文不要過(guò)多地進(jìn)行心理、環(huán)境描寫(xiě)，而是要用理由和實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題和論證觀點(diǎn)。,3.文字連貫 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)要流暢，能使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使前后語(yǔ)句邏輯清晰、意思連貫，不互相矛盾，不東拉西扯。 4.句式多變 為避免文章平淡、呆板，可使用不同的句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、否定句等。長(zhǎng)短句要合理相間，用短句表達(dá)有力的結(jié)論，用長(zhǎng)句體

5、現(xiàn)嚴(yán)密的邏輯。,5.語(yǔ)言規(guī)范 用詞要準(zhǔn)確，并能表現(xiàn)出足夠大的詞匯量。所用語(yǔ) 言符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣；不出現(xiàn)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的句子和不合理的斷 句；正確使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。 寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng): 1.遵循要求 4.文體統(tǒng)一 2.卷面整潔 5.內(nèi)容一致 3.字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)標(biāo) 6.檢查到位,二四級(jí)作文題型透視,1.?？碱}材 一類(lèi)是關(guān)于大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)、生活及對(duì)將來(lái)的工作、人生等方面的態(tài)度和看法，如：2007年12月的作文時(shí)關(guān)于選修課（What Electives to choose). 另一類(lèi)是貼近社會(huì)變化、發(fā)展和進(jìn)步的熱點(diǎn)話題，往往與日常生活緊密相關(guān)，如2006年12月是關(guān)于春節(jié)晚會(huì)（On the Spring Festival

6、 Gala）.,二四級(jí)作文題型透視,2.常考體裁 四級(jí)作文常涉及的體裁主要有四類(lèi)：議論文、說(shuō)明文、記敘文和應(yīng)用文。四級(jí)寫(xiě)作著重測(cè)試考生用文字評(píng)論和說(shuō)明事物的能力。因此，體裁上比較偏重議論文和說(shuō)明文，但近些年來(lái)，其他兩種體裁，尤其是應(yīng)用文，也逐漸成為出題的要點(diǎn)。,二四級(jí)作文題型透視,寫(xiě)作類(lèi)型 1.現(xiàn)象解釋型 2.問(wèn)題解決型 3.對(duì)比選擇型 4.觀點(diǎn)論證型 5.記敘文 6.應(yīng)用文,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,以下是四六級(jí)短文寫(xiě)作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式，每組句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的12個(gè)，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫(xiě)或套用。 1表示原因 1）There

7、are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life Firstly，peoples

8、living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly， most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,2表示好處1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a

9、lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 例如： Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better， and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore， reading extensively is of great benefit to us 3表示壞處 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 2）It does us much

10、 harm 3）It is harmful to us 例如： However，everything divides into two Television can also be harmful to us It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,4表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for s

11、bto do sth 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government， in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home， too We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly

12、 important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,5表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）wi

13、th 例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,6表示變化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communication

14、s 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education 例如： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years The major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays， more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein， and from fruit and vegetable to mi

15、lk for vitamins,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,7表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it

16、 the problems of pollution To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,8表示比較 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 3

17、）There is a striking contrast between them 例如： Compared with cars， bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly， they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly， they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least， they contribute to peoples health by giving them

18、 due physical exercise,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,9表示數(shù)量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January 例如： With the improvement of the living standard， the proportion

19、 of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 再如： From the graph listed above， it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000 注：“From the graph listed above，it can be

20、seen that”見(jiàn)句式12。考生將句式9和句式12結(jié)合在一起，便可較好地寫(xiě)出2002年6月CET 4、6短文寫(xiě)作的第一段。,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth 2）People have different opinions on this problem 3）People take different views of（on）the question 4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that 例如： P

21、eople have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to success Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers 再如： Do lucky

22、numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it 注：一個(gè)段落有時(shí)很適宜以問(wèn)句開(kāi)始，考生應(yīng)掌握這一寫(xiě)作方法。,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,11表示結(jié)論1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that 例如： From what has been me

23、ntioned above， we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved 注：例句1可用于任何一個(gè)段落的結(jié)論句；例句3則多用文章結(jié)論段的第一句。,三、四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,12套語(yǔ) 1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us， 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about 4）From the graph（table，c

24、hart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus The reason for this is obviousNowadays， the society is changing and developing rapidly， and the campus is no lon

25、ger an “ivory towerAs college students， we must get in touch with the world outside the campus Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate 再如： Does it pay to be honest？ This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions

26、 on it,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,A. 開(kāi)頭 1、There is an interesting and instructive saying which goes like this: _. 2、_ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 3、Recently, _has been brought to such popular attention that _ (e.g. Recently, the

27、problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda.). 4、One of our ancient philosophers said, _. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality. 5. No one，regardless of race

28、, religion or nationality, would deny that. 或：Everyone would agree that.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,B 結(jié)尾 1. Only in this way/Only when/Only through, will/can we或：It is only if/whenthat we will It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want. 2. As long aswe

29、will be able to/the problem is bound to As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life. 3. With a constant/steady improvement in (或With the gradual worsening of) sth. will With a steady improvement in our legal system,

30、this problem will sure be solved earlier or later. 4. In a word, there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that.in time to come. In one word, there is every chance that this Chinese Tradition will continue to entertain millions of Chinese citizens.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,C. 中間 1建議和解決方法 1）. A g

31、reat number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that _. Others argue that _. 2）. But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _. For instance, _. Worst of all, _. 3）. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,. Secondly,. Finally 4）. I

32、f we let the situation go as it is, . By that time, . 如果讓這種情況繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去，那么到那個(gè)時(shí)候，。 5） If, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我們?cè)趺丛趺醋觯菍](méi)有比這令我更高興的了。,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,2.It 結(jié)構(gòu) 1） It is advisable to exercise（擁有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations. 2） It is necessary t

33、hat young and old people should communicate more with each other. 3） It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine. 4） It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. 5） It seemed to me that the only thing

34、 that matters is to learn through failure. 6） It pays in the long run （從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度看）to introduce new technique.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,3.動(dòng)名詞或分詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1） Drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young persons health. 2） The art of communication requires learning the language and culture

35、 of the audience. 4.遞進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu) 1） Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones. 2） Helping others will not only bring joy into other peoples lives，but also added happiness into our own.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,5.表示重要性或必要性 1） Its important to set aside time for relaxation，h

36、obbies ，and entertainment as well. 2） A harmonious atmosphere is essential（necessary / critical / indispensable）to achieve success. 3） Global warming can endanger our lives so much that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a lasting solution to it. 6.表示目的 1） The

37、purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject. 2） The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word. 3） Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,7.表示結(jié)果 1

38、） Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health. 2） If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get confused. 3） By consistent hard work we will be able to achieved our objectives （目標(biāo)）. 8.表示對(duì)比和比較 1） Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and

39、contentment. 2） Work is more than a necessity for most human beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity. 3） Rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize ones potential. 4） The more scientists find out，the more questions they are unabl

40、e to answer.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,9.表示條件或假設(shè)的結(jié)構(gòu) 1） Without the distraction of TV，they might sit around together after dinner. 2） As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power. 3） Were it left to me to decide whether we should _, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

41、4） Without a degree and with no vocational experience their chances of getting good jobs are slim. 10.表示舉例 1） Take_for example， 2） An illustration（例證）may make the point clear.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,11.表示采取措施 1） The government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties. 2） A

42、s college students, we are obliged to make every effort to help support the Olympic Games. 3） The school authorities should invest more energy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers. 12.表示讓步關(guān)系 1） While it may be more convenient to possess a car，it is also expensive and

43、 troublesome at times. 2） Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile.,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,13.表示因果或前提關(guān)系 1） Because of(owning to) the pressure（壓力）of examinations， many students are left with little or no free time. 2） Perhaps its be

44、cause few of us know how to accept compliments（贊揚(yáng)）gracefully. 3） That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。 4） The reason for this is that,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,14.表示存在的問(wèn)題 1）One of the greatest problems facing the 21st century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in

45、the world. 2） To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people，but few can afford to do it. 3） Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. 4） Many people find it harder and harder to keep up with the radical changes that characterize our time. 5） At first thought

46、， the problem seems far too involved （復(fù)雜），but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with .,四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文常用句型:,15 There be結(jié)構(gòu) 1） There are other techniques that might help you with you studying. 2） There is much that we can learn from the Chinese classic works. 3） There is no sense（道理）in leav

47、ing important decisions to inexperienced people.,五、12句作文法,Students Selecting Their Lecturers 各學(xué)校開(kāi)了各種各樣的選修課 學(xué)生選課有不同的原因 就我而言 What Electives To Choose With the reform of Chinese higher education, more and more colleges and universities put emphasis on nurturing students abilities. As a result, elective

48、 courses are available not only for excellent academic performers but also for students about the average level. Certainly, students have different reasons to choose their own electives. For some, practical skills are the essence of college education, and therefore, courses on computer science, mark

49、eting, and finance are highly preferred. On the other hand, others may hold the idea of liberal education and electives concerning literature, history, and philosophy are the most welcome. Take me as an example: being a disciple of free education, I stand for the notion that university is not a plac

50、e for survival skills, but a palace of knowledge and critical reasoning. Although my major is chemistry, the electives I attend most frequently are English literature, an introduction to classic music, and different schools of western painting. They really widen my horizon.,五、12句作文法,(1)Nowadays,many

51、 universities are opening various electives for the students to choose, which has aroused great concern. (2)Optional courses provide a good chance for the students to make better use of their spare time. (3)In addition, they are a beneficial supplement to the limited required courses. (4)There are m

52、any different factors deciding what electives the students choose.,五、12句作文法,(5)Among all these factors, the interests of the student plays a very important role. (6)The students, of course, would like to learn what he is interested in. (7)Moreover, many students will consider whether they could lear

53、n some practical skill through the electives, because nowadays companies are placing emphasis on a candidates practical skills. (8)Besides, the ability and prestige of the teacher who teaches the elective will also influence one students choice. (9)Therefore, it is no wonder that different students

54、may choose different optional courses.,五、12句作文法,(10)As to me, I choose history as one of my electives because not only can it enrich my knowledge but also it is one of my favorite subjects since I was a child. (11)Besides,By learning this course, I feel the happiness of combining study and recreatio

55、n.(12)In a word, different electives have its different topics, so we should choose the electives suitable to us according to our needs.,六 12句作文法（范文點(diǎn)評(píng)）,審題】本文是一篇現(xiàn)象評(píng)述類(lèi)作文。提綱所給框架十分清晰：開(kāi)篇引出該現(xiàn)象，并簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)論；第二段陳述選擇老師時(shí)所考慮的因素（兩到三點(diǎn)即可），注意條理清楚；最后一段指出該做法的好處以及可能的問(wèn)題，注意內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言的概括性（好處和問(wèn)題分別闡述一至兩點(diǎn)即可）。,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫(xiě)作模板,Topic sentence

56、1.has become a common part of peoples life. 2.Andhas always aroused the greatest concern. 3.what impresses us most is . 4.The reasonsare varied.,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫(xiě)作模板,5. Among the various reasons,plays an important role. 6.That is to say, 7.What is more, 8.For example, 9When talking about， 10On the one hand 11O

57、n the other hand, 12In brief,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫(xiě)作模板,信息提示 1.空格內(nèi)用概括性的詞語(yǔ)填出最近出現(xiàn)的 總體現(xiàn)象。2.空格內(nèi)填題目要去討論的具 體現(xiàn)象。3.現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)。4.過(guò)度句， 填現(xiàn)象或現(xiàn)象帶來(lái)的后果，為下文分析產(chǎn) 生的原因做鋪墊。,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫(xiě)作模板,5.原因之一。6.具體說(shuō)明原因一。 7.原因二。 8. 舉例說(shuō)明原因二 9.空格一填作者要討論的現(xiàn)象，空格 二填作者的看法。 10.支持看法的理由一或說(shuō)明看法的第一 個(gè)方面。 11.理由二或第二個(gè)方面。 12.總結(jié)。,2003年9月真題,Reading regularly has long become a co

58、mmon part of peoples life. And reading preference has always aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is according to the table, the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, which shows that the circulation of popular fictions, general nonfictions, science/techno

59、logy/education books and art/ literature/poetry books accounts for 65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and 5.1% respectively. The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.,Among the various reasons, the appealing content of the popular fictions plays an important part. That is to say, thanks to its appealing plot, popular fictions attract more people than other types of books do. What is more, science and art b