unit 12 text why people work.ppt

1、Unit 12 text,Why People Work,Tarnish,1. 玷污，敗壞，損害(名譽(yù)或形象)If you say that somethingtarnishessomeones reputation or image, you mean that it causes people to have a worse opinion of them than they would otherwise have had. The affair couldtarnishthe reputation of the prime minister. 這一事件可能有損首相的名譽(yù)。 2. (使)

2、有污跡;(使)失去光澤;(使)變暗淡If a metaltarnishesor if somethingtarnishesit, it becomes stained and loses its brightness. It never rusts ortarnishes. 它從不生銹，也不會失去光澤。,Therapeutic,1. 使人放松的;能解郁安神的If something istherapeutic, it helps you to relax or to feel better about things, especially about a situation that made

3、 you unhappy. Astanga Yoga is atherapeuticphysical exercise that focuses on breathing and relaxation. 八步功法瑜伽注重呼吸和放松，是一種舒緩身心的鍛煉方法。 2. 治療性的;有助于治療的Therapeutictreatment is designed to treat an illness or to improve a persons health, rather than to prevent an illness. .therapeuticdrugs. 治療性藥物,Languish,1.

4、 被迫）受苦，受折磨If someonelanguishessomewhere, they are forced to remain and suffer in an unpleasant situation. No one knows for certain how many refugees wander the world today, orlanguishin camps without a permanent place of settlement. 無人清楚如今有多少難民在到處流浪，或有多少人流離失所，在難民營里受苦。 2. 中落；衰?。凰ヂ銲f somethinglanguish

5、es, it is not successful, often because of a lack of effort or because of a lot of difficulties. Without the founders drive and direction, the company graduallylanguished. 沒有了創(chuàng)始人的斗志與指引，公司逐漸走向沒落。,Exert,1. 施加（影響、壓力等）;行使，運(yùn)用（權(quán)威等）If someone or somethingexerts influence, authority, or pressure, they use i

6、t in a strong or determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect. Heexerted considerable influence on the thinking of the scientific community on these issues. 他極大地影響了科學(xué)界對這些問題的看法。 2. 盡力;努力If youexert yourself, you make a great physical or mental effort, or work hard to do somethin

7、g. Youngsters get so absorbed that they dont realise how much theyreexerting themselves. 年輕人如此地沉浸其中，他們沒有意識到自己有多么努力。,Debilitate,1. 使虛弱;使衰弱If youare debilitated bysomething such as an illness, it causes your body or mind to become gradually weaker. Stewart took over yesterday when Russell wasdebilitat

8、ed by a stomach virus. 昨天拉塞爾因腸胃病毒感染身體不適，由斯圖爾特暫時接手。 2. 削弱（組織、社團(tuán)或政府）的力量Todebilitatean organization, society, or government means to gradually make it weaker. .their efforts todebilitatethe political will of the Western alliance. 他們試圖削弱西方聯(lián)盟的政治決心的努力,Malaise,1. 不適;不安;不快Malaiseis a state in which people f

9、eel dissatisfied or unhappy but feel unable to change, usually because they do not know what is wrong. He complained of depression, headaches andmalaise. 他主訴自己情緒低落，頭痛且身體不適。 2. (社會或群體的)痼疾Malaiseis a state in which there is something wrong with a society or group, for which there does not seem to be a

10、 quick or easy solution. There is no easy short-term solution to Britains chronic economicmalaise. 短期內(nèi)迅速治愈英國經(jīng)濟(jì)頑癥的靈丹妙藥并不存在。,Deteriorate,惡化;變壞;衰退If somethingdeteriorates, it becomes worse in some way. There are fears that the situation mightdeteriorateinto full-scale war. 人們擔(dān)心形勢可能惡化而演變成一場全面戰(zhàn)爭。 The wea

11、ther conditions are deteriorating. 天氣變得越來越糟。 Grants health steadilydeteriorated. 格蘭特的健康狀況持續(xù)惡化。 deterioration.concern about the rapid deterioration in relations between the two countries. 對兩國關(guān)系迅速惡化的擔(dān)憂,Crave,渴望;熱望If youcravesomething, you want to have it very much. There may be certain times of day wh

12、en smokerscravetheir cigarette. 吸煙者可能會在一天中的某些時刻特別想吸煙。 You may be craving for some fresh air. 你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鮮空氣。 Many young childrencraveattention. 許多小孩子渴望得到關(guān)心。 Do not succumb to acravedesire for money. 不能屈從于金錢的誘惑。,Attributable,可歸因于的，可歸結(jié)于的If somethingis attributable toan event, situation, or person, it i

13、s likely that it was caused by that event, situation or person. 10,000 deaths a year from chronic lung disease areattributableto smoking. 吸煙導(dǎo)致每年有1萬人死于慢性肺病。 The mess was directlyattributableto a corrupt and incompetent official. 某個腐敗無能的官員是導(dǎo)致這一爛攤子的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?His illness isattributableto overwork. 他的病可歸因于勞累

14、過度。,Insurmountable,無法解決的;難以克服的;不可逾越的A problem that isinsurmountableis so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully. The crisis doesnt seem like aninsurmountableproblem. 這次危機(jī)似乎并不難以克服。 There is noinsurmountabledifficulty before a brave man; it is in difficult circumstances that a hero distinguis

15、hes himself. 好漢面前無困難，困難當(dāng)中出英雄。 No difficulty isinsurmountableif one sets ones mind on it. 精誠所至，金石為開。,coax,1. 小心地擺弄(機(jī)器或裝置)If youcoaxa machine or device into doing something, you make it work by operating it very slowly and gently. He would stride on stage then proceed tocoaxthe sweetest possible sound

16、s out of his violin. 他會大步走上舞臺，然后輕輕地拉他的小提琴，奏出美妙動聽的曲調(diào)。 2. (用好話)勸誘，哄If youcoaxsomeoneintodoing something, you gently try to persuade them to do it. After lunch, she watched, listened andcoaxed Bobby into talking about himself. 吃過午飯，她照看著博比，聽他說話，哄他說說自己的事。,Gripe,抱怨；發(fā)牢騷If you say that someoneis griping, yo

17、u mean they are annoying you because they keep on complaining about something. Why are football players griping when the average salary is half a million dollars?. 足球運(yùn)動員的平均薪水已達(dá)50萬美金，他們?yōu)槭裁催€要抱怨呢？ They were always griping about high prices. 他們總是抱怨物價太高。 He likes to have a goodgripefrom time to time. 他時常

18、愛發(fā)上一通牢騷。 For those who constantlygripeabout life, turn and walk away. 對經(jīng)常抱怨生活的人，轉(zhuǎn)身離開。,Welter,雜亂的一堆Awelter ofsomething is a large quantity of it which occurs suddenly or in a confusing way. .patients with awelterof confusing symptoms. 有一堆疑難癥狀的病人 .thewelterof publicity that followed his engagement. 他上

19、任后的一堆雜亂的宣傳活動 In trade (both goods and services), awelterof impediments persist. 無論在商品貿(mào)易還是服務(wù)貿(mào)易方面，都有著大量雜亂無章的障礙。,Virtuosity,藝術(shù)家、運(yùn)動員等的）精湛技藝，高超技巧Thevirtuosityof someone such as an artist or sports player is their great skill. At that time, hisvirtuosityon the trumpet had no parallel in jazz. 那時，他高超的小號吹奏技巧在爵士樂界無人能比。 The violinistsvirtuosityhas amazed audiences all over the world . 小提琴家的精湛技藝使全世界的觀眾驚詫不已。 As chemists began to pry out my secret they discovered myvirtuosity. 化學(xué)家開始探討我的秘密，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了我的精湛技巧。,Astute,精明的；敏銳的If you describe someone asastute, you think they show an understanding of beh