《四級翻譯初講》PPT課件.ppt

1、Translation,四級翻譯,共五個句子即五個題，全部為漢譯英。句長為15至30個詞，其中有部分英語詞匯給出,需添入的部分也只有3到8個單詞，考生只需按照英文句子意思把漢語部分翻譯成英文。完成翻譯的考試時間為五分鐘。,四級英語翻譯評分細(xì)則,1整體內(nèi)容和語言均正確，滿分。 2結(jié)構(gòu)正確，但整體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當(dāng)，得一半分值。 3整體意思正確但語言有錯誤，得一半分值。 4整體意思完全錯誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。 5大小寫錯誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號忽略不計(jì)。,四級大綱樣題,87.The substance does not dissolve in water whether (it is) hea

2、ted or not（不管是否加熱）。 88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me（他向我收費(fèi)過高），but he didnt do a good repair job either. 89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine（與我的相比） 90. On average， it is said， visitors spend only half as much(

3、money)（一半的錢） in a day in Leeds as in London。 91. By contrast， American mothers were more likely to attribute/ascribe their childrens success to（把孩子的成功歸因于） natural talent。,2006年6月,87 Having spent some time in the city， he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum （找到去歷史博物館的路）。 【解析】finding

4、the way to the history museum是動名詞作補(bǔ)語。 （1）本題考查的是have (no) trouble (in) doing sth.詞組的用法，該詞組應(yīng)使用動名詞形式。（2）找到去.的路可用詞組finding the way to。 動名詞用法：一有些詞組后加動名詞作賓語：如admit to，prefer.to，be used to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，busy，look forward to等。,88 In order to support my university studies (或：to

5、 finance my education; to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees)（為了掙錢供我上學(xué)）， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her。 【要點(diǎn)解析】 （1）為了的表達(dá)方式是in order to或to。（2）掙錢供我上學(xué)有不同的翻譯方法，如finance my education；to pay for my education / to pay my tuition fees。,89 The professor required that we (should

6、) hand in our/the research report(s)（我們交研究報(bào)告）。 【要點(diǎn)解析】 （1）本題考查的是require的用法。 require 單詞后接賓語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，即require that sb.(should)do sth.。 （2）交可以譯為hand in。,【能力拓展】 表示主觀判斷、推測、命令、建議、要求、請求、提議之類的詞后面的that 從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣：(should) + 動詞原形。如：order，suggest，propose，require，demand，request，insist，command，insist。 例：I

7、n the past men generally preferred that their wives (should) work in the home. 以前，一般來說，男人更愿意他們的妻子待在家里操持家務(wù)。,It is suggested / demanded / necessary / a pity / required / requested / ordered/ insisted. + that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動詞要用should 加動詞原形，should 可省略。 例：It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next

8、 week. 有人建議我們下周開會。,90 The more you explain， the more confused I am（我愈糊涂）。 【要點(diǎn)解析】 （1）本題考查the more.,the more.句型的用法。（2）糊涂的正確譯法為be confused。 【能力拓展】 （1）“愈.愈.”句型的譯法是：the+比較級+句子，the +比較級+句子。例：The more I use it, the more Ive come to like it. 用得越多，我越喜歡它。,91 Though a skilled worker， he was fired by the compan

9、y （他被公司解雇了） last week because of the economic crisis。 【要點(diǎn)解析】本題考查though用法，同時考察被動語態(tài)。 （1）though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，主句不應(yīng)有but存在。（2）被公司解雇應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，可用be fired或be discharged表示。,2006年12月,87。 Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to_ adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures （適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活） 考察

10、知識點(diǎn)：詞組固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“ 適應(yīng)-”,88。 Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading to me,或nothing is more important than reading （沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力） 考察知識點(diǎn)：比較級nothing+比較級=最高級；時態(tài)：因?yàn)閺木鋽⑹龅氖乾F(xiàn)在的事情，所以用一般現(xiàn)在是即可。由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，劃線處應(yīng)該填寫一

11、個句子，時態(tài)需要根據(jù)后面的漢語意思作進(jìn)一步的確定。 “比-更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb,89。 The victim would have had a chance to survive或would have survived （本來有機(jī)會活下來） if he had been taken to hospital in time。 考察知識點(diǎn)：虛擬語氣與過去相反的虛擬語氣，從句用had done，主句用would have done有機(jī)會做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth-,語法講解：“虛擬語氣”,考生應(yīng)該注意以

12、下幾種虛擬語氣的形式： 第一種：由 “ if ”引導(dǎo)的虛擬句子 1). 與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do- If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就會嫁給他。 2). 與過去的事實(shí)相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done- If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功學(xué)習(xí),就會通過考試了。 3). 與將來的事實(shí)可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do- If i

13、t should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么辦?,第二種：用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中從句謂語形式為：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美語中should常省去) 。 類似用法的動詞有：insist (堅(jiān)持) , suggest (建議) , order(命令) , propose (建議) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建議) , desire (要求、請求) , request (請求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , pre

14、fer (寧愿), recommend(推薦) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 擁護(hù)、提倡) ,maintain(堅(jiān)決主張)等后面的賓語從句中。,第三種：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , pos

15、sible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that -”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中,第四種：用在It is time that - 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 表示“該干某事了”, 含建議的意思, 用動詞過去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱們該睡覺了。 注意: time 前可加

16、about (表示“大約”) 或high(表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”) 等。,91。The nations population continues to rise at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million （以每年1200萬人的速度） 考察知識點(diǎn)：詞組固定搭配 at a speed of- “以-的速度”；注意：million不加s,2007年6月,87。 The finding of this study failed to take peoples sleep quality/quality of

17、 sleep into account/consideration （將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi)）。 本題旨在考查詞匯. Fail 后面經(jīng)常跟不定式做狀語，即fail to do something. 考慮的表達(dá)方法是take into account 或take into consideration.。,88。The prevention and treatment of AIDS is a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate （我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域） 。本題顯然是考查定語從句的翻譯 ，如

18、果用了關(guān)系代詞which, 介詞in 在英語中就一定不能少。 合作常用cooperate/ work with 來表達(dá)。,89。 Because of the leg injury， the athlete decided to quit the match（決定退出比賽）。 此題考查常用詞組的表達(dá)，“決定做某事” 可用decide to do sth,表示 “退出比賽”常用withdraw from/ quit the match/ game/ competition 來表達(dá)。,90。To make donations or for more information， please _ co

19、ntact us at the following address （按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系）。 此題考常用交際用語。“聯(lián)系”常用“contact/make a contact with 來表達(dá)：“按一下地址”可用at the following address 來表示。 91。Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience/if it is convenient for you（如果你方便的話）。 此題考常用表達(dá)?！叭绻惴奖愕脑挕?用if it is convenient for you 來表示。更簡單的方法是譯為at

20、 your convenience.,2007年12月,Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions（多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明， doctors can treat this disease successfully 此句翻譯的關(guān)鍵是“多虧了”這個短語，翻譯成thanks to 或owing to 要比 because of 或due to 好得多。 88 In my sixties， one change I notice is that I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I g

21、et tired more easily than before（我比以前更容易累了）。 此句中翻譯比較結(jié)構(gòu)不是難點(diǎn)，大家應(yīng)該都能翻，但是如果把這句簡單翻譯成 I feel more easily tired 得分應(yīng)該不會太高。,2008年6 月,87。 Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology.（能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā)） 主要考察apply to用法，考生應(yīng)注意不要寫成apply for，這個是表示申請。 88。

22、 I cant boot my computer now, Something must be wrong（一定出了毛?。?with its operation system. 本題考察的是must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或動詞的進(jìn)行式。,89。 Leaving ones job， whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is，（不管是什么工作）， is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語

23、從句時，whatever與no matter what可以互換。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句時，只能用wh-+ever, 如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.這時不能用no matter+wh-。,90。Compared with the place where I grew up，（與我成長的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting. 這道題首先考察分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，注意主語this town與動詞的主被動關(guān)系，主動用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動用過去分詞；第二點(diǎn)需要注意的是“我成長

24、的地方”考察的是定語從句，并且grew用過去時。,91。Not until he had finished the mission（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill. 考生需要注意的是not until引起的倒裝是主句倒裝，從句不倒裝，所以從句用正常語序，并要注意用過去完成時，以體現(xiàn)與主句的先后順序。至于mission這個單詞，如果考生有看過湯姆克魯斯主演的著名影片“碟中諜”，不難知道這個影片片名是mission impossible，所以看電影也是不錯的提高英語的手段。,2009.6,87. Soon after he tran

25、sferred to the new school, Ali found that he had difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates（很難跟上班里的同學(xué)）in math and English. 【答案解析】本句中重點(diǎn)考查的語法點(diǎn)是動名詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)里的用法，即have difficulty (in) doing。另外還考察了catch up with sb. ，表示“趕上，跟上某人（由指功課、進(jìn)度）這一詞組。在組句的時候注意，“班上的同學(xué)”要么說成his classmates，要么譯成other students in his cla

26、ss，此處的other不可少。,88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain（就不會被大雨淋了）. 【答案解析】本句考查的是一個典型的過去時態(tài)的虛擬。從句使用的是過去完成時had returned，因此主句也必須是情態(tài)助動詞加上完成時。另外“被雨淋到”要使用“be caught in the rain”這一說法，不宜直譯。,2009.12,87. You would not have failed if you had followed my instruct

27、ions 或者you had followed my orders (按照我的指令去做) 【權(quán)威解析】考點(diǎn)有三個：第一是按照所給出的漢語提示，由于主句和從句的主語是一致的，因此在做答案的時候應(yīng)該在從句中補(bǔ)全主語you，很多學(xué)生出現(xiàn)遺漏，就按照漢語意思直譯了，造成不必要的失分；第二是固定搭配“按照。的指令”表達(dá)為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達(dá)，兩者選其一就可以；第三個考點(diǎn)是if從句的虛擬語氣考查；根據(jù)語法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的形式，從句中應(yīng)該采用had+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)；綜上，很容易得出答案you had

28、 followed my instructions 。,90. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the constantly growing needs of consumers . (與消費(fèi)者不斷增長的需求保持同步) 【權(quán)威解析】本題的核心考點(diǎn)主要有兩個：第一，固定搭配“與。保持同步”，可以表達(dá)為keep pace with .或者是keep up with ；其次，固定表達(dá)“不斷增長的”，可以表達(dá)為growing 或者rising 或者increasing ，選其一就可以了,91. The more

29、 exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold. (你越不大可能感冒) 【權(quán)威解析】本題的考點(diǎn)主要有兩個：第一是考查 the more , the less的用法，在2006年的考試中考查過the more , the more的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡直是如出一轍，因此必須重視歷年真題的考點(diǎn)，重復(fù)考的概率非常大。第二是考查固定搭配：可能做某事，表達(dá)為be likely to do sth ；最后一個是固定搭配“感冒”，表達(dá)為catch a cold ；,四級常考點(diǎn),2006年6月-2009年12月翻譯題為基準(zhǔn)，可分為兩大類考點(diǎn)：詞匯，語

30、法。 1.重點(diǎn)詞匯和固定搭配的歸納 adapt oneself to =adjust to/ get used to +n/doing 06.12 Have (no) trouble in doing=have （no） difficulty in doing 06.6 、09.6 at ones convenience :be convenient to / for 對方便，便利 07.6 ,12,Take sth into account/consideration 將考慮在內(nèi) 07.6 Decide to do sth 決定做某事 07.6 08.12 give up /quit doi

31、ng 放棄做某事07.6 09.12 Be likely to do sth有可能做某事07.12 / 09.6/09.12,?？颊Z法,虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、從句等,1. 虛擬語氣06.12 09.6 09.12（2）,1）時態(tài)搭配記憶 if 從句謂語 主句謂語 現(xiàn)在： 一般過去時、were would 過去 ：had done would have done 將來：were to do/should do would do Wish以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)同上 If only /would rather/as if/as though it is

32、(high) time that,You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做).09 12 had followed my instructions If she had turned an hour earlier, mary _(就不會被大雨淋了）09.6 Wouldnt have been caught in the rain The victim _本來有機(jī)會活下來if he had been taken to hospital in time. Would have had a chance to survive 06.12,2）特殊詞匯形

33、容詞，動詞，名詞同義詞對應(yīng)記憶,Advisable advice advise, desirable desire, vital /important importance, obligatory/ essential/necessary necessity, basic/fundamental/elementary, suggest/propose suggestion/proposal，require requirement 等從句中要有虛擬語氣should do 特殊記憶 lest, in case for fear that同上 Scientists agree that it wil

34、l be a long time_(我們找到治療癌癥的方法). before we find the cure for cancer it is (high) time that sb (should) do sth,3）. 情態(tài)動詞的虛擬語氣,Could have done 本可能做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)有某種能力，但很遺憾沒有做； Couldnt /cant have done 不肯能做過，表示對過去情況的斷然否定； May/might have(not) done 也許（沒）做了，表示對過去情況各種可能性的猜測； Must have done 肯定做過，表示對過去情況十分肯定的猜測； Neednt

35、have done 本不必做某事； Should (not) have done 本（不）應(yīng)該做某事，但實(shí)際做了，表示后悔、責(zé)備語氣； Would (not) have done 表示按照正常情況或規(guī)律將（不）會怎樣。,非謂語動詞 06.6 08.6,非謂語動詞包括分詞，動名詞，不定式。 2006年6月四級的翻譯題中考到了非謂語動詞中動名詞的用法 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到區(qū)歷史博物館的路） in finding the way to the history museum.,08年6月考的過去分詞用法,_

36、與我成長的地方相比，this town is more prosperous and exciting. Compared with the place where I was brought up. 08.6,06年6月不定式,為了掙錢供我上學(xué)么，mother often takes on more work than is good for her. To finance my education 目的狀語,謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)06.6 07.12 08.6,Though a skilled worker,_他被公司解雇了 last week because of the economic

37、 crisis. He was fired by the company.06.6 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的， not how much they can earn. 07.12 Is measured by how much they can loan,Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _(能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā)） Can be applied to the development of new

38、technology.,3.從句,1）讓步狀語從句 07.12 08.6 no matter wh-疑問詞”和”wh-疑問詞ever” 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換 means不論. I am going to pursue this course,_無論我做出什么樣的犧牲。Whatever/no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make,2)What 引導(dǎo)的主語從句 09.6 08.12,_（很多人沒有意識到的）is that Sinon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. （大多數(shù)

39、父母所關(guān)心的）is providing the best education possible for their children.,定語從句07.6 08.12,Which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，that不能。 Which 之前可以有介詞， that不能 先行詞是all,anything,ererything,few,little,much,nonenothing,something等不定代詞，被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾 或 被the very , the only 修飾只能用that,The prevention and treatment of AIDS IS _(將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮

40、在內(nèi)） The field in which/where we may cooperate Medical researchers are painly aware that there are many problems _(他們至今沒有答案） to which they havent found answers so far,2.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 08.6,表示否定含義的短語在句首作狀語，句子要倒裝。Not until直到，才 08.12 neither, no, nor, not, seldom, rarely, hardly, barely, by no means under no circ

41、umstances以及only 位于句首修飾狀語或賓語時，句子倒裝,比較結(jié)構(gòu)09.12、09.6、06.6,?？嫉谋容^結(jié)構(gòu)有：more/no/nothing/a little/a lot/much /many等+形容詞/副詞比較級+than, as+形容詞/副詞原級（+n. ）+as, the+比較級，the+比較級等,The more exercise you take, 、 _(你越不大可能得感冒). ：2006年6月的The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂)。2009年6月的It is said that those who are stressed or worki

42、ng overtime are _ (更有可能增加體重)。 參考答案：the less likely you catch a cold.,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),1It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who 對于這個結(jié)構(gòu)，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的系動詞除is和was之外，沒有其他形式的變化; 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情況用that（常識性知識，一般不能作為考點(diǎn)）。 在notuntil句型里，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)由until所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語時，not須跟在until之前，即構(gòu)成It is not untilthat結(jié)構(gòu)。,It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation. 她不知道如何應(yīng)對這種嚴(yán)重情況是因?yàn)樗狈?jīng)驗(yàn)了。 注：強(qiáng)調(diào)的如果是原因狀語從句，只能由because引導(dǎo)，不能由since, as或why引導(dǎo)。 It was not until the second year that