小學英語句型句式

1、 小學英語句型句式一、句子的分類：1. 陳述句 a肯定陳述句： 主語+be+其它+句號 主語+v（vs, ved）+其它+句號 主語+情態(tài)動詞+v+其它+句號b否定陳述句： 主語+be not +其它+句號主語+dont(doesnt, didnt)+v+其它+句號 主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+v+其它+句號 2. 疑問句 a一般疑問句：be+主語+其它+問號do(does,did)+主語+v+其它+問號情態(tài)動詞+主語+v+其它+問號b特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+其它+問號特殊疑問詞+do(does,did)+主語+v+其它+問號特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞+主語+v+其它+問號 3祈使句 a肯定

2、祈使句：動詞（原形）+其他+標點 b否定祈使句：dont+動詞（原形）+其他+標點4感嘆句：what+a(an)+形容詞+名詞+(主語+謂語)例如： what beautiful flowers! what a mess! what a beautiful desert!how+形容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語! 例如： how beautiful! how beautiful the flower is! 二、把陳述句改為否定句、一般疑問句：陳述句：是用來陳述一件事情或表示一種看法，可分為肯定句和否定句兩種形式。 1、改為否定句：（1）、謂語動詞是be動詞,助動詞have, has, will,情

3、態(tài)動詞can等時，只要直接在這些詞后面加not就構(gòu)成否定形式。如：lily is reading a story book . ( 改為否定句)lily _ _ reading a story book . （2）、謂語動詞是行為動詞而又沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，必須在謂語動詞前加助動詞，一般現(xiàn)在時加助動詞dont，第三人稱單數(shù)加doesnt，一般過去時加didnt，dont, ,doesnt，didnt后都用動詞原形。如：the children had a good time at the party. (改為否定句) the children _ _ a good time at the

4、party.2、改為一般疑問句：一般疑問句：以be動詞, have /has/do等助動詞、can/may/will等情態(tài)動詞開頭，以yes或no來回答的問句。（1）、謂語動詞是be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時，只要直接把這些詞置于句首，句末改成問號。如： they will go to shanghai by ship . (改為一般疑問句)_(2)、謂語動詞是行為動詞時，必須在句首加上助動詞do、does（三單）、did（過去式）加上這些助動詞后，句子中謂語動詞必須用原形。如：i had some cotton candy . ( 改為一般疑問句)_注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑問句的時候

5、,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等詞，如果有也必須進行改變，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分別改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的時候注意把too改成either, both改成neither, all改成none等.在改成一般疑問句的時候，常常把第一人稱i、we改成第二人稱you。（i/ weyou , myyour , many /some any ）三、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：以疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭，提出疑問的句子。 它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：特殊疑問詞一般疑問句語序。常

6、用的疑問詞有：what, who(whom), whose, which, when, where, how, why等，回答時針對問句中的代詞和副詞來回答，不用yes或no來回答。 1)對指物名詞或謂語動詞提出疑問，疑問詞用what the twins were making a kite .（用what就劃線提問） _ 2)對名詞前定語提出疑問，疑問詞應用which，而且必須和名詞連用。 im going to take the shirt on the right.（劃線提問）_ _ are you going to take? 3)對指人名詞或代詞提問用who，作賓語時提問用whom。

7、 eg. li ping, they, his father 4)對物主代詞和名詞所有格提問用whose。eg. li pings coatwhose coat my fatherwhose father 5 對具體時間提出疑問，如 in the morning, last sunday等，疑問詞用when；對具體幾點鐘提問，疑問詞應用what time。 6)對具體地點提出疑問，疑問詞應用where。 the pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （劃線提問）_ _ the pupils having a picnic? 7)

8、對表原因的從句提問，常見的有because引導的從句，疑問詞應用why。 xiao cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was ill. （劃線提問） _ _ xiao cheng go to the farm with us? 8)對方式或程度等提出疑問，用疑問詞how。9)對數(shù)量提出疑問，疑問詞為how many，要注意how many必須跟名詞的復數(shù)形式。two hundred sheephow many sheep 10)對價格提出疑問，疑問詞用how much。 i paid fifty yuan for the sweater

9、. _ _ did you pay for the sweater? 11)對時間長度提出疑問，疑問詞應用how long。 _ _ _ you worked in that factory? 12)對時間頻率，如 once a year, twice a week等提問，疑問詞用how often。 13)對具體次數(shù)，如 once, twice, three times等提問，疑問詞用how many times。eg. _ did he call you the day before yesterday?twice. （96中考題）a.what time b.how many times

10、c.how much d.how long 14)對in一段時間提問，疑問詞一般用how soon。 eg. jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （劃線提問） _ _ _ jane and her brother finish the work? 15)對距離提出疑問，疑問詞用how far。eg. its about two kilometres from here to the country.（劃線提問） _ _ _ _ from here to the country? 16)另外，對日期、星期、天氣等提出疑問

11、，則分別用 whats the date?/ what day is it ? 如果是過去時間，就用was代替is。如：whats the weather like? 四、句式變換的方法：陳述句改否定句改一般疑問句劃線部分提問1句子中有be動詞is,am, are，was,were的：在be動詞is,am, are,was,were后面加上not：將be動詞is,am, are,was,were放在句子前面：用相應的疑問詞替換劃線部分提問，再寫is,am, are,was,were1.im ten.2.they are red.3.its nine oclock.4. she was at h

12、ome.5.they were crying.im not ten.they arent red.its not nine oclock. she wasnt at home. they werent crying.are you ten?are they red?is it nine oclock?was she at home?were they crying?how old are you?what color are they?what time is it?where was she?what were they doing?2句子中有情態(tài)動詞的：在情態(tài)動詞后面加上not:將在情態(tài)動

13、詞放在句子前面：用相應的疑問詞替換劃線部分提問，再寫再寫情態(tài)動詞she can draw.she cant draw.can she draw?what can she do?3句子中只有行為動詞的：在行為動詞前加dont, doesnt,didnt被幫的動詞用原形：在句子前面加助動詞do, does，didnt被幫的動詞用原形：用相應的疑問詞替換劃線部分提問，再加助動詞do, does，didnt被幫的動詞用原形：i like pears.he likes ants.ben has a bike.lisa got a puppy.i dont like pears.he doesnt lik

14、e ants.ben doesnt have a bike.lisa didnt get a puppy.do you like pears?does he like ants?does ben have a bike?did lisa get a puppy?what do you like?what does he like?who has a bike?(注意)what did lisa get?五、 感嘆句：1、由what引導的感嘆句其結(jié)構(gòu)為:what+a(an)+形容詞+名詞+(主語+謂語)，如例如：what interesting books they are!多有趣的書啊! wh

15、at bad weather it is!多壞的天氣啊! what a beautiful girl!多漂亮的女孩啊!在口語中,這類感嘆句有時常省略主語和謂語,如： what a big fish!多大的一條語啊 what a pretty girl!多秀麗的女孩啊! what a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鳥啊!2、由how引導的感嘆句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:how+形容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語!例如：how big the dining room is!餐廳真大啊! how lovely the girls are!這些女孩真可愛! how beautiful those flower

16、s are!這些花真美啊!在口語中,這類感嘆句有時常省略主語和謂語,只保留感嘆部分。如: how clean! 真干凈! how fast!多么快啊!六、祈使句：祈使句是表示請求、命令、建議、勸告、禁止的句子。其特點是以動詞原形開頭，主語you通?？梢允÷?。1、 祈使句的肯定句式(1) 以動詞原形開頭，表示請求、命令等。如：open the door, please! 請把門打開！ listen to me ! 聽我說！(2) 以let 開頭，可以表示建議和請求。如：lets go to school . 我們?nèi)W校吧！(3) be 動詞+形容詞，表示請求、建議或提醒對方。如：be quiet

17、 ! 請安靜！ be careful ! 小心！(4) no+名詞/動名詞，是警示語，表示禁止，在公共場合經(jīng)常見到。如：no photos ! 禁止拍照 ！ no smoking ! 禁止吸煙！2、祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式就是在句子開頭加 “dont” ，表示建議、勸告。如：climb the mountains !（改為否定句）_七、 描寫天氣的句型： a. there be+名詞， there will be+名詞。(名詞：snow, wind, rain, cloud, sun) 如：there is rain. there was rain. there will be rai

18、n. b. it be+形容詞，it will be+形容詞。(形容詞：snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, hot, cold, warm, cool, fine) 如：it is rainy. it was rainy. it will be rainy. c. it +vs或ved， it+be +ving it+ will +v。(名詞：snow, wind, rain) 如：it rains. it rained. it is raining. it will rain. 表格表示如下：詞性 一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時一般過去時過去進行時一般將來時問句wh

19、ats the weather like today?what was the weather like yesterday?what will the weather be like tomorrow?答句名詞there is rain. there is snow.there was rain. there was snow.there will be rain. there will be snow.形容詞it is rainy. it is snowy.it was rainy. it was snowy.it will be rainy. it will be snowy.動詞it

20、is raining. it is snowing.it rains. it snows.it rained. it snowed.it was raining. it was snowing.it will rain. it will snow.八、情景交際：一介紹人物（what, who）、問候(how)、禮貌用語：1. whats your name? -im tony. my names tony. 你的名字是什么？我是托尼。2. whos she? shemy mother. 她是誰？ 她是我的媽媽。 whos that boy? hes my friend. his names b

21、en. look,thats my teacher. 那個男孩是誰？ 他是我的朋友。 他的名字是本。 看，那是我的老師。 how about me? youre my friend. 那么我呢？ 你是我的朋友。3. 第一次見面問候： nice to meet you. nice to meet you, too. 很高興認識你。 也很高興認識你。 how do you do? how do you do? 你好嗎？ 你好嗎？4. 老朋友見面問候： how are you? im fine, thank you. 你好嗎？ 我很好，謝謝。 and you? im fine, too. 你呢？ 我

22、也很好。5. 問候?qū)Ψ郊胰耍?how is your mother? shes fine, thanks. 你媽媽好嗎？ 她很好，謝謝。6. 道謝： thank you. / thanks. /thank you very much./ thanks a lot. 謝謝。 謝謝。 很感謝。 很感謝。 - youre welcome. thats (its) ok. thats (its) all right. not at all. 別客氣。 沒關(guān)系。 沒關(guān)系。 沒關(guān)系。7. 道歉： sorry. - it doesnt matter. thats (its) ok. thats (its)

23、all right. not at all. 不要緊。 沒關(guān)系。 沒關(guān)系。 沒關(guān)系。二介紹某物：1whats this (that)? its a desk. 這(那)是什么？ 它是一張書桌。2. what are these(those)? theyre apples. 這些(那些)是什么？ 它們是蘋果。 3is this (that) a panda ? yes, it is. no, it isnt. 這是一只熊貓嗎？ 是，它是。 不，它不是。 4are these(those) grapes? yes, they are. no, they arent.這些是葡萄嗎？ 是的，它們是。不

24、，它們不是。5this(that) is an ant. this(that) isnt an ant. 這(那)是一只螞蟻。 這(那)不是一只螞蟻。6these(those) are ants. these(those) arent ants. 這些(那些)是螞蟻。 這些(那些)不是螞蟻。三建議（let）、命令、請求 (can, may)、能力（can）：1 建議： lets go swimming. ok. / all right. / thats a good idea. 讓我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞?好的。 好的。 好主意。2. 命令 ： touch your nose! dont close y

25、our eyes!觸摸你的鼻子！ 別閉上你的眼睛!3. 請求 ： let me have a look. ok. can(may) i have a peach? sure. here you are. no. sorry. 我可以要一個桃子嗎 當然。給你。 不，對不起。can you take out the trash，please ? sure . ill take it out . sorry . im busy now .你可以拿走垃圾嗎? 當然可以.我會拿走它的。對不起。我現(xiàn)在很忙。can you hang up my clothes , please ? sure . ill h

26、ang them up in a minute .你可以掛起我的衣服嗎？ 當然可以。一會兒我會掛起它們4. 能力 ：can you sing? yes, i can. no, i cant. 你會唱歌嗎？ 是的，我會。 不，我不會。 can he sing? no, he cant sing. but he can dance. 他會唱歌嗎？ 不，他不會唱歌。 但他會跳舞。 what can gogo do? he can fly. he flies to the park every week. 高高能做怎么？ 他能飛。 他每個星期五都飛去公園。四喜歡某物(what, like)，喜歡做某事

27、(what, like doing)： 1喜歡某物(what, like)：what do you like? i like milk. 你喜歡什么? 我喜歡牛奶。 does jenny like milk? yes, she does. she likes milk. 珍妮喜歡牛奶嗎？ 是的，她喜歡。她喜歡牛奶。 do they like mike? no, they dont. they dont like milk. 他們喜歡牛奶嗎？ 是的，他們不喜歡。他們不喜歡牛奶。2. 喜歡做某事(what, like doing)： what do you like doing? i like r

28、eading comic books.你喜歡做什么? 我喜歡看漫畫書。does jenny like reading comic books? yes, she likes reading comic books.珍妮喜歡看漫畫書嗎？ 是的，她喜歡。她喜歡看漫畫書。do they like reading comic books? no, they dont like reading comic books.他們喜歡看漫畫書嗎？ 不，他們不喜歡看漫畫書。五想要某物(what, want)，想做做某事(what, want to do)：1喜歡某物(what, want)： what do yo

29、u want? i want a guitar. 你想要什么? 我想要一個吉他。 does jenny want a guitar? yes, she does. she wants a guitar. 珍妮想要一個吉他嗎？ 是的，她想要。她想要一個吉他。 do they want a guitar? no, they dont. they dont want a guitar. 他們想要一個吉他嗎？ 不，他們不想要。他們不想要一個吉他。2. 喜歡做某事(what, want to do)： what do you want to do? i want to see a movie. 你想做什

30、么? 我想看電影。does jenny want to see a movie? yes, she does. she wants to see a movie. 珍妮想看電影嗎？ 是的， 她想。她想電影嗎。 do they want to see a movie? no, they dont. they dont want to see a movie.他們想看電影嗎？ 不，他們不想。他們不想看電影。六天氣（某物）怎么樣（what , be like）： what was the weather like yesterday? it was sunny. 昨天的天氣怎么樣? 是晴朗的。 wh

31、at will the weather be like tomorrow? it will be sunny. 明天的天氣將會怎樣？ 將會是晴朗的。 what are your shoes like today? they are dirty. 你的鞋子今天怎么樣？ 是臟的。 what were your shoes like yesterday? they were clean. 你的鞋子昨天天怎么樣？ 是干凈的。七問時間：1. 星期(what day)： what day is it today? its sunday. 今天是星期幾？ 是星期天。 what day was it yest

32、erday? it was saturday.昨天是星期幾？ 是星期六。2.日期(whats the date) : whats the date today? its july 13th .今天是什么日期？ 是七月13日。what was the date yesterday? it was july 12th .昨天是什么日期？ 是七月12日。3. 幾點(what time) : what time is it now? its ten oclock. 現(xiàn)在幾點了？ 十點。 what time did you go to school this morning? i went to sch

33、ool at 7:00. 你今天早上幾點上學？ 我七點上學。4. 什么時候(when) : whens winter holiday? its in january and february. 寒假是在什么時候？ 在一月和二月。 whens your birthday? its in june. its on june 1st . 你的生日在什么時候？ 在六月。 在六月1日。八問職業(yè)(what)：what do you do? im a doctor. i work in the hospital.你是做什么的？ 我是醫(yī)生。 我在醫(yī)院工作。what does he do? hes a teac

34、her. she works in the school.他是做什么的？ 他是教師。 他在學校工作。what do you want to be? i want to be an office worker.你想成為什么？ 我想成為一名辦公室工作人員。what dose she want to be? she wants to be a nurse.她想成為什么？ 她想成為一名護士。九誰的東西，形容詞性無主代詞與名詞性無主代詞（whose, my/mine）：1. -whose skateboard is this? 或 whose is this skateboard? 這是誰的滑板？ 這滑

35、板是誰的？- its my skateboard. 或 its mine. 是我的滑板。 是我的。2. - is this your money? 或is this money yours? 這是你的錢嗎？ 這錢是你的嗎？ - yes, its my money. 或 yes, its mine. (yes, it is.) 是的，是我的錢。 是的，是我的。 是的，它是。 3. -are these jennys keys? 或 are these keys jennys? 這些是珍妮的鑰匙嗎？ 這些鑰匙是珍妮的嗎？ - no, theyre not her keys. 或no, theyre

36、 not hers. (no, they arent.) 不，它們不是她的鑰匙。 不， 它們不是她的。 不，它們不是。十問顏色(what color)：what color is this? its orange. 這是什么顏色？它是橙色。 what color are these leaves? they are red, yellow and orange.這些葉子是什么顏色的？ 它們是紅色、黃色和橙色的。十一問年齡（how old）： how old are you? im ten. how old is your brother? hes seven years old.你幾歲？ 我是

37、十歲。 你的的弟弟幾歲？ 他七歲。 十二 問數(shù)量（how many可數(shù), how much不可數(shù)）；問價錢（how much）how many cherries are there on the table? there are twelve cherries. 桌子上有多少個櫻桃？ 有十二個。 how much water is there in the glass? there is a lot of water.玻璃杯里有多少水？ 有許多水。how much is the guitar? its 85 dollars. 這吉他多少錢？ 它是85美元。 how much are those

38、 socks ? they four yuan. 這些襪子多少錢？ 他們是4元 十三問發(fā)生什么事情（what）： what happened? a typhoon came.what happened to the trees? the wind blew away their leaves.whats the matter with her? she has a fever. she should take some medicine.whats wrong with him? he caught a cold. he should stay in bed.十四問怎樣去某地（how）：1.

39、how do you go to school? i go to school on foot./ i walk to school.2. how does jenny go to school? she goes to school by subway. he takes the subway to school. she goes to school on the subway.十五問多久做某事幾次（how often）： how often do you go fishing ? i go fishing about once a week .你多長時間釣一次魚？ 我大約每星期釣一次魚。

40、how often does he eat fish ? he eats fish about once a year .你多長時間吃一次魚？ 我大約每年吃一次魚。十六問方位（where）： wheres my wallet? its behind the sofa. 我的錢包在哪里？ 它在沙發(fā)的后面。where are my glasses? theyre in front of the bookcase. 我的眼鏡在哪里？ 它們在書架的前面.where did you buy those shoes? i bought them at the shopping mall .你在哪里買的這些

41、鞋子？ 我在購物商場買的。where do you come from? i come from xinhui.where are you from? im from xinhui.where did you come from? i came from shanghai.where were you from? i was from shanghai. 基礎(chǔ)題：1、 按要求改寫下面的句子。1.she does housework at the weekends. (改為否定句) 2. the camera is very nice. （改為感嘆句） 3. it always rains in

42、 summer there. （改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答） 4.it is a fine day today. （改為感嘆句） 5. the children have school today. （改為否定句） _6.david and mike are going to planting trees this afternoon.（對畫線部分提問） 7.its cold in winter there. （對畫線部分提問） 8.i get to the shopping centre by bus. （對畫線部分提問） 9.he often cleans his bedroom. （改為

43、一般疑問句） 10. he did his homework in the classroom. （改為否定句） 二、單選題。 ( )1.當向別人打招呼時，應該說： a.hello. b.good morning . c.goodbye.( )2.how are you ? 的正確答語是： a.my nameis gogo. b.im fine,thank you . c.hello.( )3.當想知道別人的名字時，應該說： a.whats your name ? b.see you. c.thank you.( )4.nice to meet you 的意思是: a.見到你很高興。 b.你好

44、嗎？ c.你好。( )5.向別人告別時，應該說： a.good bye! b.hi. c.good morning.( )6.-good afternoon ! -_ a.hello! b.hi ! c.afternoon !( )7.-nice to see you again !-_ a.how are you ? b.hello ! c.nice to see you , too.( )8.-good night,mom ! -_ a.good evening ! b.good night ! c.night !( )9.-how are you ? -_ a.fine,thank you . b.i am 10. c.nine .