賓語(yǔ)從句 (2)

1、賓語(yǔ)從句,1.什么是賓語(yǔ)從句？ 2.賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 3.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài) 4.賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換,the Object Clause 賓語(yǔ)從句,主句,I think that you are excited.,連接詞,賓語(yǔ)從句,由一個(gè)從句在句子中作賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子就叫賓語(yǔ)從句。在句子中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)、介詞的賓語(yǔ)、形容詞的賓語(yǔ) For example: 1. I know (that) she lives here. 2. Father is thinking of how we can get to the station? 3. I am sorry (that) I am la

2、te for class.,賓語(yǔ)從句的三種類(lèi)型,1. 由that引導(dǎo)； 2. 由連接代詞who, what, which, whose和連 接副詞when, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)； 3.由if 或whether引導(dǎo)。,We all say (that)Lao Wang is a good friend.,We all say. Lao Wang is a good friend.,Im sure. You have seen that book before.,Im sure(that)you have seen that book before.,注意情況之一 連接詞的選擇

3、： 1. 由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用連詞 that 等 引導(dǎo)，并 且在口語(yǔ)中常常省略此詞：,2.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)時(shí)， 須用連詞if 或者whether引導(dǎo)，意思為“是否”，表示選擇。For example:,1. Could you tell us? Will he ready come here?,Could you tell us if (whether) he will really come here?,2. Is the Summer Palace open now? Could you tell me?,Could you tell me if (whether) the

4、 Summer Palace is open now.,注意：whether 或 if 兩詞可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 連用，而 if 不能。,3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)時(shí)，則用連接代詞who, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)。它們均是充當(dāng)一定成分，一般不可省略。For example:,Could you tell me? Where is the post office?,Could you tell me where the post office is?,注意：連接詞與其后名詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)時(shí)則不可

5、拆開(kāi)使用。 what time, which room, how many people.等。 I dont know which bus I should take. Do you know what time it is?,注意情況之二 語(yǔ)序 ：若由一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序。具體如下：當(dāng)助動(dòng)詞是 does 或 did 時(shí)，要去掉助動(dòng)詞，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式或過(guò)去式；當(dāng)是其它的助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要把這些助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的后面。I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked b

6、est .The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box .,注意情況之三 時(shí)態(tài)的變化 1. 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以 根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。 I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) sh

7、e will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .,2.當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng) 的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。 He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( th

8、at ) he had had supper already . 3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存 在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. The teacher told us light travels faster than sound.,注意情況之四

9、 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 賓語(yǔ)從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句決定，不受從句的 限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時(shí)用句號(hào)； 而主句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，句末則用問(wèn)號(hào)。He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me what color you like best . Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?,注意情況之五 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定形式 ：一般而言，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, e

10、xpect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose 等表示 “認(rèn)為，猜想”的心里活動(dòng)的詞時(shí)，一般要把賓 語(yǔ)從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money .,連接代詞who, whose, what, which和連接副詞 when, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句可 以變?yōu)檫B接代詞或連接副詞加動(dòng)詞不定式的 形式。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station.

11、 Could you tell me how to go to the station. I dont know which one I should choose. I dont know which one to choose.,注意情況之六,注意情況之七 賓語(yǔ)從句中的特殊情形 ： 在把簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句的練習(xí)中，千萬(wàn)要注意 1) 句式的轉(zhuǎn)變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語(yǔ) 從 句改寫(xiě)，而應(yīng)該用 “ ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. ” 的句式。 Dont open the door . The teacher said to me. The teacher asked

12、 me not to open the door . 2) 代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從 句 時(shí)，我們就應(yīng)該考慮代詞的變化。 Lucy says ,“ I come from Canada ”. Lucy says that she comes from Canada .,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.

13、 I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk) I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be),w

14、ill be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.

15、(be) 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends with us? H

16、e asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his home

17、work.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me? 9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me? 10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you te

18、ll me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí) 1. Do you know how much hot water? AMum is needed B. does Mum need CMum needsD. did Mum need 2. Can you tell me? A. where he is B. where is he C. he is whereD. what is he 3. I didnt know how t

19、o London? A. would they goB. are they going C. they would goD. they are going 4. I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5. Do you know? Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news,6. _ is true that she may fall behind the others. A. There B. This C. That D. It 7. The foreign friend