ing分詞用法總復(fù)習(xí).ppt

Grammar,小結(jié)-ing 形式的功能,入高中高考英語群：4980299，享優(yōu)質(zhì)教輔資料！,功能： -ing分詞具有動詞的一些特征，可帶自己的賓語或狀語，從而一起構(gòu)成動詞ing 形式的短語。這個動詞ing 形式短語具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句子中，可做句子的主語、賓語、賓語的補足語、表語、同位語、定語及狀語等成分。,(1) 作主語 -ing分詞短語放在句子的前面做主語，但當(dāng)-ing分詞短語較長時，為了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放到句子的末尾。 Reading makes a man perfect. 閱讀使人完美。 Crying over spilt milk is no use. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶倒了，哭也無益。,-ing分詞做真正的主語時常用于句型： It is no use doing/ It is no good doing / It is useless doing/ It is worthwhile doing/dangerous doing/a waste of time/fun, there is no doing如： It is no good reading in the sun. 在陽光下看書是不好的。 It is useless remembering words only. 只記單詞是沒有用的。,(2) 作賓語 -ing分詞既可做某些動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。 a. -ing分詞并不是做所有及物動詞的賓語，而是只能做某些及物動詞的賓語，如：admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, keep, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, stop及下列短語動詞的賓語： carry on, cant help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, set about, object to, insist on, prevent from, pay attention to, stick to, refer to, get down to, look forwards to, devoteto, be / get used to, lead to。,I dislike playing cards. 我不喜歡打牌。 He enjoys reading stories. 她喜歡讀故事。 He got down to working as soon as he got to the office. 他一進入辦公室就開始 工作。,b. 下列動詞或形容詞: want, require, need, deserve, worth帶-ing分詞作賓語時，主動形式表被動意義。如： The book is worth reading. 這本書值得讀。 The house requires repairing at once. 這座房子需要馬上維修。,c. 介詞除besides, but, except接不定式外，一般都須接-ing分詞作賓語。如： You must finish your work before going to the concert. 你必須在去聽音樂演唱會之前必須把工作完成。 On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry out. 這個小女孩一看見她的母親就大哭了起來。,(3) 作表語 -ing分詞作表語時，有兩種情況，一方面，當(dāng)-ing分詞具有名詞性質(zhì)時，-ing分詞短語說明主語的內(nèi)容；另一方面，當(dāng)-ing分詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)時，-ing分詞說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。如： His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英語。(說明工作的內(nèi)容) His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。(說明工作的特征) 注意：當(dāng)-ing分詞的動作是主語所發(fā)出的時，句子不是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而是動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。如： He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所學(xué)校教日語。(現(xiàn)在進行時),(4) 作賓語的補足語 下列動詞可接-ing分詞作賓語的補足語。 a. 感、知覺動詞：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 可接-ing分詞作賓語的補足語。如： I heard her singing in the next door? 當(dāng)時我聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？ I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我觀看他們在操場上打排球。,b. 動詞find, get, have, keep, leave, send，suggest可接-ing分詞作賓語的補足語。如： I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個失蹤的男孩在河邊玩。 Dont have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要讓客人站在那里, 請他入坐。,(5) 作定語 -ing分詞作定語時，分兩種情況。 a. 單個的動詞ing 形式作定語時，它總是位于被修飾的名詞之前，說明被修飾名詞的目的、用途或特征。如： China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。 Would you please give me some writing paper? 請給一些書寫紙好嗎？,b. -ing分詞接名詞、代詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語作定語時，總是位于所修飾的名詞之后，說明名詞所處的狀態(tài)或進行的動作。如： The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei. 在教室里學(xué)習(xí)的那個男孩是李蕾。 Dont trouble the dog sleeping over there. 不要惹事生非。,提醒：動詞的ing形式的完成 式一般只用來作狀語，不作定語.,(6) 作同位語 -ing分詞作同位語時，位于同位的名詞之后，且跟前面的名詞用逗號隔開，表示前面名詞的內(nèi)容。如： His idea, helping farmers get in their crops, interested us very much. 他那幫助農(nóng)民收割莊稼的想法使我們很感興趣。 The goal, making two thousand cars this mouth, excites the workers. 本月生產(chǎn)兩千輛小汽車的目標(biāo)使工人們很興奮。,(7) 作狀語 -ing分詞在句子中做狀語，表示謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨、目的、程度和結(jié)果。相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。 1.時間性：如果動詞ing形式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，用一般式（doing),如果先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生，用其完成式（having done）: Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. Having finished the letter, he went to post it.,2. 語法性：如果句子主語是分詞的邏輯主語，分詞和邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系就用分詞主動式（doing/having done）,分詞和邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系就用分詞被動式（being done/having been done）: Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 提醒：有些動詞ing形式在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往為句子的獨立成分來修飾整個句子，青蛙說話者的態(tài)度，觀點等。例如：generally speaking, judging by/from, taking everything into consideration.,入高中高考英語群：4980299，享優(yōu)質(zhì)教輔資料！,2. ing形式的完成式,例句： (Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults. 這本書因倉促寫成，所以有些缺憾。,分詞 (短語) 作狀語時, 其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。,3. 使用- ing形式需注意的幾個問題。,My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didnt want the children to play together. 我妻子與莎莉談了很長時間, 解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們在一起玩。,入高中高考英語群：4980299，享優(yōu)質(zhì)教輔資料！,(現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語my wife做的動作,它們之間是主動關(guān)系, 即explaining的邏輯主語，就是句子的主語my wife 。) The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train邏輯主語 + having gone 即為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）,分詞短語做狀語時，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，因為并列連詞接的是兩個并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的一個狀語部分，分詞和主句之間可用逗號。,例如: 誤: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 正: He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.,-ing的一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動作。在可能引起誤解的場合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動作。,例如: Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.) 他打開抽屜，拿出錢包。,Coming into the room, he put down his bag. (=He came into the room and put down his bag.) 他走進房間，放下提包。,入高中高考英語群：4980299，享優(yōu)質(zhì)教輔資料！,Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 布朗先生刷過牙, 就下樓來吃早飯。 (此句如寫成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 可能指 “邊刷牙, 邊下樓 。),分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上 not, never等否定詞構(gòu)成。,例如: Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩兒不知道 怕火，用手去摸，把手指燙了。 Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知怎樣找到地鐵，就去找警察幫忙。,4. ing 分詞的一些慣用法 在英語實際交際中，還有一些特殊用法或句型。如： (1) There be no doing = It is impossible to do 。如： There is no telling whether he will keep his words. 他會不會遵守諾言很難說。 (2) How / What about doing = How do you like / What do you think of 如： How about hiking this Sunday? 本周星期天去遠足怎么樣？ (3) on doing= as soon as + clause , 如： On hearing the bad news, the little girl burst out crying. 一聽到這一噩耗，小女孩就大哭了起來。,(4) There be no end to doing 無止境。如： If everyone wants others to dance to his music, there will be no end to fighting in the world. 要是大家都要其它的人來按照他的意志做事，那么世界上就永遠沒有安寧的日子。 (5) without so much as doing = even. not. 甚至，連都沒有。如： He started his company without so much as having his own office. 他創(chuàng)辦公司時連自己的辦公室都沒有 (6) lose no time in doing = begin to do at once. 立刻做。如： There are very few days left for NMT, so we can lose no time in revising our lessons. 離高考沒幾天了，我們得抓緊復(fù)習(xí)我們的功課了。,(7) be up on the point of doing = be going to do 即將做。如： We believe our China is on the point of creating a new era. 我們相信我們中國即將開創(chuàng)一個新時代。 (8) in (the) hope of doing 懷著希望。如： After graduating from university, he went to Shenzhen in the hope of finding a good job. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，他去深圳希望找到一個好的工作。,(9) for the purpose of doing = for the sake of 為了。如： He went on studying abroad for the purpose of serving the people better. 他繼續(xù)去國外深造以便能更好地為人民服務(wù)。 (10) come near doing = almost do幾乎，差一點兒。如： He came near dying in the traffic accident. 他在那場車禍中差一點喪了命。,5. ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 根據(jù)句子意思的需要，有時須在-ing分詞前加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬛髡Z，這種邏輯主語與-ing分詞一起就構(gòu)成了-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1) -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形式 a. 一般說來，-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是由形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞的所有格與-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如： His ( Li Leis ) singing / writing / painting attracts many people. 他的唱歌 / 寫字 / 繪畫吸引了很多人。,b. 當(dāng)-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時，-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可用人稱代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格與-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如： The teacher suggested us / our / Li Lei / Li Leis waiting for Wu Dong at the station. 老師建議我們 / 李蕾在車站等吳東。 Do you mind me / my / Li Lei / Li Leis reading aloud in the classroom? 我 / 李蕾在教室里大聲朗讀你介意嗎？ 動詞be的ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不管是作主語還是作賓語，它的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)都必須是形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格與-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如：His / The teachers being there made me very tense. 他 / 老師的在那兒使我非常緊張。,c. 在there be / stand / lie / exist 結(jié)構(gòu)中，系動詞ing 形式的邏輯主語為：there。而沒有主格、賓格之分。 I didnt enter the room because of there being too many people in it. 由于房間里有很多人，我沒有進去。,d. 當(dāng)不定代詞all, both, each, few, some, this等作動詞ing 形式的邏輯主語時，就用它們的普通形式。如： All glittering is not gold. 閃光的不都是金子。 I dont like this being cooked this way. 我不喜歡這東西這么煮。,(2) -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的作用 -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個名詞或代詞，在句子中可作句子的主語、賓語和表語。如： a. 作主語 His being ill troubled his parents. 他的生病給他的父母親帶來了麻煩。 b. 作賓語 We dont like his coming late. 我們不喜歡他遲到。 c. 作表語 What surprised us most is his speaking. 使我們最吃驚的是他的發(fā)言。,I. 每空填一詞，使該句與所給句子的意思相同。 1. Because he was ill, he didnt go to school. _ _, he didnt go to school. 2. When she was walking along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. _ _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers.,Being ill,Walking along,練習(xí),3. If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow. _ _ _, well go for a picnic tomorrow. 4. A