外文翻譯--汽車車身焊裝夾具的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)

附 錄 (英文文獻(xiàn)及中英文對照 ) The designing features of automobile body welding fixture Auto body clamp is required for the amorphous body stamping required to locate and clamp, to form the body components, combined parts, sub-assembly and assembly, While taking advantage of suitable welding method to form their own welding pieces of the whole. Welding fixture welding process is a secondary device, but in the process of mass production car body, the device is essential. It not only can improve welding productivity, but also to ensure the dimensional accuracy of welding products and appearance requirements of the important devices. The assembly and welding fixtures there is no uniform specifications and standardization, are non-standard equipment. Design.and manufacturing process according to the structural characteristcs of the specific models, production conditions and the actual demand from the line of design and manufacturing. 1. asonable decomposition of auto body parts welded together to determine the type of fixture required. Two or more of the stamping process by the assembly and welding of components is obtained by welding together pieces of several related small welding welding large pieces of formed pieces, then welded together to form the following four parts: Around before welding parts, welding parts around the back, floor and roof welding parts welding parts, welding together four pieces of the final welding into vehicle cab assembly. Therefore, according to the cab assembly formation process of the correct welding pieces of reasonably divided, and on this basis, the corresponding pieces of welding fixture design. This will not only help ensure product quality, also can increase welding productivity. 2. Determine the level of automation of assembly and welding fixtures. Annual output depends on the level of automation and assembly and welding fixtures welders bit configuration. Production cycle time mainly by clamping action, the assembly time, welding time and handling time and other components. Among them, the jig fixture operating time depends on the degree of automation. To improve productivity, consider clamping fixture and release time to complete the action by the cylinder, and between station and station automation transport. But this increases the manufacturing cost of fixtures. Therefore, the design of fixtures to be able to reasonably balance the level of automation and welding fixtures contradiction between the manufacturing cost. 3. For large welding jigs, fixtures must first determine the design basis, with the same car body design basis. Fixture n the location of all the components are determined directly from the design basis, the ultimate guarantee to create a qualified welding tooling structure. According to a preliminary decision height operations fixture floor height, the height of the clamped position； Second, draw the assembly and welding parts diagram, it is included in the station in need of assembly and welding of stamping the solder joint shape and location requirements as the basis for setting fixture； The next step is a reasonable arrangement of fixture position, this must be clearly grasp the stamping of the space shape, composition relationships, assembly and welding sequence and the solder joint layout, rational design of fixture placement and general structure； overall design of the final draw sketches. 4. Rational choice of fixture position. As the car body shape complexity, poor rigidity, deformation, fixture positioning has been introduced on a large number of ways to enhance the rigidity of welded parts, reduce the welding deformation. Positioning of welding fixtures generally include positioning and side positioning of two kinds of holes. Positioning hole punching process to give priority to consider the positioning hole, the size and location of these holes is relatively accurate and reliable； Try to use under the procedures of mounting holes, as these holes the size of the margin of error will affect the next process of the assembly. Therefore, the design of fixtures with positioning holes not only to understand the stamping process, assembly process must also consider the key under the channel size. Large lection of positioning holes as the holes, so that pins can have sufficient strength, or easily broken pins. Stamping on the preferred shape to a reliable, stable surface as a positioning surface, positioned to do as much as possible the use of flat surfaces, but most of the space body stamping surface, which requires the fixture components of the work surface must be positioned with the corresponding surface of the car body consistent shape, so as to ensure the body in the process of assembly and welding shape. Positioning of parts with surface to guarantee a certain accuracy, adjust the position of positioning blocks are coarse to fine-tune more complex, this block can be added to fine-tune the positioning function, that is positioned to add a thin spacer block, and gasket thickness is that you can adjust the accuracy. In addition, the set should also be considered when positioning the welding position and the use of welding equipment, welding can not affect the final piece out, but also allows welding clamp or welding torch to reach the location. For the really influential to consider the use of pins and other pins can be active. 5. Properly designed clamping mechanism. When the stamping on the correct positioning of the fixture, in order to maintain the welding process in the assembly of the workpiece position and overcome the elastic deformation of the workpiece, usually requires a certain clamping body. With this device, you can make the workpiece and the bearing surface, workpiece and positioning the workpiece and the workpiece surface and tight fit between. For thickness below 1.2mm steel plate, each clamping point of the clamping force is generally in the range of 300 750N； For the 1.5 2.5mm between the stampings, each clamping point of the clamping force in the range of 500 3000N. To reduce the auxiliary time loading and unloading the workpiece, the clamping device should be fast and efficient installations and multi-point linkage institutions. For sheet metal parts, the clamping force acting on the bearing surface point should be only a good piece of rigid role allowed a few points of support in the plane formed in order to avoid bending or clamping force from the workpiece positioning reference. Also designed to prevent the clamping mechanism to open the clamping grip hand. 6. Other design elements. As the stamping quality checks are sampling, prone to problems. If possible, add in some welding fixture on some auxiliary devices, check the stamping play the role of critical dimensions. In addition, assembly and welding fixture structure should be easy to operate, saving, security and easy handling characteristics of the workpiece. 汽車車身焊裝夾具的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn) 汽車車身夾具是用來把所需車身沖壓件按要求定形、定位并夾緊，組合成車身組件、合件、分總成及總成，同時利用合適的焊接方法使其形成各自焊合件整體。焊接夾具屬于焊接工藝過程的輔助裝置，但在汽車車身大批量生產(chǎn)過程中，該裝置是必不可少的。它不僅可以提高焊接生產(chǎn)率，而且也是保證焊接產(chǎn)品的尺寸精度及外觀要求的重要裝置。而裝焊夾具沒有統(tǒng)一規(guī)格和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，屬于非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)和制造的工藝裝備，要根據(jù)具體車型的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、生產(chǎn)條件和實(shí)際需求來自行設(shè)計(jì)與制造。 1、合理分解汽車車 身焊合件，確定所需夾具的種類。兩種或兩種以上的沖壓件經(jīng)裝焊工序后得到的部件即為焊合件，幾種相關(guān)的小焊合件組成大的焊合件，再形成以下四種焊合件：前圍焊合件、后側(cè)圍焊合件、地板焊合件以及頂蓋焊合件，這四種焊合件最終組焊成了汽車駕駛室總成。因此，要根據(jù)上述駕駛室總成形成過程進(jìn)行各種焊合件正確合理地分割，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行相應(yīng)焊合件夾具的設(shè)計(jì)。這樣，不僅有利于保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，還可以提高焊接生產(chǎn)率。 2、確定裝焊夾具自動化程度的高低。年產(chǎn)量決定于裝焊夾具的自動化水平及焊接工位的配置。生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍主要由夾具動作時 間、裝配時間、焊接時間以及搬運(yùn)時間等組成。其中，夾具動作時間主要取決于夾具的自動化程度。為提高生產(chǎn)率，可以考慮夾具的夾緊和松開動作由汽缸一次性完成，且工位和工位之間采用自動化運(yùn)輸。但這就提高了夾具的制造成本。因此，設(shè)計(jì)夾具要能合理地平衡焊接夾具的自動化水平及制造成本之間的矛盾。 3、對于大型焊裝夾具，首先必須確定夾具的設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)，它與汽車車身的設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)一致。夾具上全部元件的位置都是直接根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)確定的，最終保證制造出合格的焊接工裝結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)作業(yè)高度可初步?jīng)Q定夾具底板的高度，即夾具固定位置的高度；其次繪制出裝 焊工件圖，它包括在此工位上需要裝焊的沖壓件外形以及要求的焊點(diǎn)位置，以此作為夾具設(shè)置的基礎(chǔ)；下一步是夾具位置的合理布置，為此必須清楚地把握沖壓件的空間形狀、組合關(guān)系、裝焊順序以及焊點(diǎn)布置，合理設(shè)計(jì)夾具的安放位置和大致結(jié)構(gòu)；最后繪出總體方案設(shè)計(jì)草圖。 4、合理地選擇夾具的定位。由于汽車車身形狀復(fù)雜、剛性差、易變形，夾具定位上大量采用過定