江蘇省鹽城市射陽(yáng)縣盤(pán)灣中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ) Book3 U2 重點(diǎn)詞匯學(xué)案 牛津譯林版.doc

u2 重點(diǎn)詞匯講解reading1. confuse v. 使迷惑，使困惑1) the heavy traffic confused the new driver. 繁忙的交通使司機(jī)不知所措。2) we tried to confuse the enemy. 我們?cè)噲D迷惑敵人。【拓展】confusing adj. 令人迷惑的，令人不解的3) your explanation is confusing. 你的解釋令人迷惑。confused adj. 感到迷惑的，感到不解的4) i am confused about the problem. 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我很困惑。5) if the situation is confusing, you will get confused. 如果形勢(shì)令人困惑，你會(huì)被弄糊涂的。6) there is a confused look/expression on his face. 他臉上露出迷惑的表情。2. be made up of 由組成，可與consist of 互換1) the class is made up of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.= the class consists of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.班級(jí)由15個(gè)女生和20個(gè)男生組成。注意兩者作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別a group made up of five doctors and 10 nurses= a group consisting of five doctors and 10 nurses【拓展】: be made of/be made from/be made out of 由制成be made into 被制成make up 組成，編制，彌補(bǔ)，化妝，和解make for 走向；有助于make out 理解，辨認(rèn)出2) the old building is made of stone. 這幢老房子是由石頭建成的。3) the wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄釀制而成的。4) her dress is made out of her sisters old dress. 她的衣服是用她姐姐的舊衣服改做的。5) she made the material into a dress. 她用這種布料做了一條裙子。6) eleven players make up a football team. 11個(gè)隊(duì)員組成了一個(gè)足球隊(duì)。7) uncle dick made up an interesting story for the children. 迪克叔叔給孩子們編了一個(gè)有趣的故事。8) we have to drive fast to make up the time we lost in new york. 我們得開(kāi)快點(diǎn)以彌補(bǔ)在紐約失去的時(shí)間。9) the actors were making up when we arrived. 我們到的時(shí)候，演員們正在化妝。10) he and his wife usually make up their quarrel the same day. 他和妻子吵架通常當(dāng)天就言歸于好。11) as soon as it started to rain, we made for home. 天一開(kāi)始下雨，我們就朝家里走去。12) does early rising make for good health? 早起有助于健康嗎？13) it was difficult to make out his handwriting. 他的書(shū)寫(xiě)很難辨認(rèn)。14) i couldnt make out what he wanted on earth. 我不明白他到底要什么。3. occupy vt. 占領(lǐng)，占有；使從事，使忙于 1) enemy troops occupied the country. 敵軍占領(lǐng)了這個(gè)國(guó)家。 2) he was occupied in collecting stamps. 他忙于集郵。【拓展】 occupy oneself in(with) sth. 忙于4. lead to 通到；導(dǎo)致 1) this road leads to the hotel. 這條路通到旅館。 2) smoking can lead to lung cancer. 抽煙可能導(dǎo)致肺癌。5. contribution 貢獻(xiàn)，促進(jìn)作用 contribution n. 可構(gòu)成詞組 make a contribution1) they made a great contribution to the development of our society.他們?yōu)樯鐣?huì)發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。【拓展】contribute捐助；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿等，常和to連用2) we contributed food and clothing to the poor. 我們捐助了食物和衣物救濟(jì)貧民。3) he has contributed (articles) to the magazine for several years. 他為這家雜志撰稿好幾年了。6. take control of 控制，取得對(duì)的控制1) its no easy task to take control of a class of young children. 管住一個(gè)班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。【拓展】 have/hold control of/over 控制著 in control (of) 控制著，出于統(tǒng)治地位 lose control of 失去對(duì)的控制 out of control 失去控制，無(wú)法控制 under control （被）控制住7. rule v. 統(tǒng)治1) today, most kings and queens rule (their countries) only in a formal way, without real power. 當(dāng)今大部分的國(guó)王和王后只是象征性地統(tǒng)治（他們的國(guó)家），沒(méi)有實(shí)權(quán)。rule也可做名詞，意為“統(tǒng)治”，常構(gòu)成詞組under ones rule 或under the rule of sb.意為“在某人的統(tǒng)治之下”2) under the queens rule/the rule of elizabeth i, britain became the number one power of the world. 在那位女王/伊麗莎白一世的統(tǒng)治下，英國(guó)成為世界第一大國(guó)。8. replace vt. 替換，代替，取代 相當(dāng)于詞組take the place of。常構(gòu)成詞組replace a with b, 意為用b代替a。1) tourism has replaced heavy industry as the citys main source of income. = tourism has taken the place of heavy industry as the citys main source of income. 旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)取代重工業(yè)成為這座城市的主要收入來(lái)源。2) today many high schools have replaced blackboards with whiteboards. 今天許多中學(xué)用白色書(shū)寫(xiě)板取代了黑板。9. include vt. 包括，強(qiáng)調(diào)包羅并使之成為一部分 1) the price includes both house and furniture. 這個(gè)價(jià)格包括房子及家具的價(jià)格。 常用including和included引出一解釋性短語(yǔ)，including位于該短語(yǔ)前，included位于該短語(yǔ)后。 2) they will send you the book for $3, postage included. 他們將把這本書(shū)寄給你，包括郵資共三美元。3) at least 80 people were injured, including five policemen.至少有80人受傷，包括5個(gè)警察。【辨析】contain意思是“包含，容納”，側(cè)重于容器中“裝有，含有”4) how much oil can the bottle contain? 這只瓶子能裝多少油?5) apples contain water and sugar. 蘋(píng)果含有水和糖分。10. pronunciation n.發(fā)音（法），語(yǔ)音 a word with two pronunciations 有兩種發(fā)音的單詞 1) you pronunciation is very good. 你的發(fā)音很好。 pronounce vt. 發(fā)音，讀音；正式宣布（或公布） 2) how do you pronounce your surname? 你的姓怎么讀? 3) she examined the product and pronounced herself pleased with their work. 她檢查了產(chǎn)品，宣布對(duì)他們的工作很滿(mǎn)意。11. depend on 取決于；依靠，信賴(lài)。其中on可用upon替換。 1) we might need more cars, depending on/upon the number of people gathering here. 我們也許需要更多的車(chē)輛，這要看有多少人聚集到這里。 2) you can depend on him, for he is a man of his word. 你可以信賴(lài)他，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)守信用的人。 【拓展】 dependent adj. 依賴(lài)的；受影響的 independent adj. 獨(dú)立的dependence n. 依靠independence n. 獨(dú)立3) he gradually becomes dependent on alcohol. 他漸漸對(duì)酒精產(chǎn)生了依賴(lài)。4) you should learn to be independent of your parents. 你應(yīng)該學(xué)著不要依賴(lài)父母。5) our relationship is based on mutual dependence. 我們的關(guān)系建立在相互依存的基礎(chǔ)上。6) india gained independence for britain in 1947. 印度于1947年脫離英國(guó)獲得獨(dú)立。grammar and usage1. promise v. 許諾，答應(yīng)。 后面接直接賓語(yǔ)再接不定式，從句，名詞代詞或不接直接賓語(yǔ)。 1) dad promised (me) to buy me a laptop, but he broke his own word. 爸爸答應(yīng)過(guò)（我）要給我買(mǎi)個(gè)筆記本電腦，但是他失信了。2) the student promised (the librarian) that all books would be returned by friday. 那個(gè)學(xué)生答應(yīng)（圖書(shū)管理員）在周五之前歸還所有的書(shū)。3) he promised his wife a coat for her birthday. 他答應(yīng)他的妻子買(mǎi)件外套作為生日禮物。 4) -shes not coming tonight. 她今晚不會(huì)來(lái)了。 -but she promised! 但是她答應(yīng)過(guò)的！ promise作動(dòng)詞還表示“有希望，可能會(huì)（有）”5) these discussions promise future storm. 這些爭(zhēng)論有可能引起今后的風(fēng)波。promise 還可以作名詞，意為“諾言,許諾”6) if you make a promise, you must keep it. 假如你做出了許諾，就必須做到。2. ban vt. 禁止，取締。過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都為banned. 1) swimming in this river is banned. 禁止在此河中游泳。 ban sb. from doing sth. 意為“禁止某人做某事” 2) the government needs to do something to ban people from advertising illegal things on the internet. 政府應(yīng)該采取措施禁止人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上做廣告宣傳違法物品。 ban也可做可數(shù)名詞，意為“禁令，禁止”，表示“對(duì)的禁令”時(shí)常用a ban on 的結(jié)構(gòu)。 3) there is a ban on smoking in this school. 這所學(xué)校禁止抽煙。3. spread n. vt&vi 傳播 1) the spread of aids in the last few years has been alarming. 過(guò)去幾年里艾滋病的傳播令人驚慌。 2) i will tell you a secret, but you must promise not to spread it around.我要告訴你一個(gè)秘密，但是你必須保證不會(huì)將它四處傳播。3) the disease spread quickly. 這種疾病很快地傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。4. access vt. 接近，使用1) you can access the loft by a ladder. 你可以爬梯子上閣樓。access 也可做名詞，意為“接近的機(jī)會(huì)，享用權(quán)；通道，通路”2) citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以免費(fèi)使用這個(gè)圖書(shū)館。3) the only access to the town is across the bridge. 到鎮(zhèn)上唯一的通路是經(jīng)過(guò)一座橋。project1. concern vt. 涉及,關(guān)系到1) the news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。2) the letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities. 這封信主要是關(guān)于出口商品的。 vt. 使擔(dān)心;使關(guān)心1) he is concerned for her safety. 他擔(dān)心她的安全。2) he was very concerned about her. 他對(duì)她非常關(guān)心 n. 關(guān)心的事,重要的事c；關(guān)懷u1) thats no concern of mine. 那不關(guān)我的事。2) andrew expressed his concern. 安德魯表示了他的關(guān)切?！就卣埂縞oncerned 有關(guān)的(作后置定語(yǔ))1) the man concerned was her husband. 這個(gè)相關(guān)的人是她的丈夫。concerning 關(guān)于2) we read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我們讀了關(guān)于天外來(lái)客的故事。as/so far as is concerned 就來(lái)說(shuō)，就而言3) it is impossible as/so far as i am concerned. 就我而言這是不可能的。2. differ vi. 相異，有區(qū)別 differ from = be different from 與不同 1) his views differ from those of his parents. = his views are different from those of his parents. 他的觀點(diǎn)和他父母的觀點(diǎn)不同。 a and b differ (from each other) a和b彼此有差異 2) french and english differ greatly (from each other). 法語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)（彼此）差異很大。 differ with sb. about/on/over sth. 與某人在某事上意見(jiàn)不一致 3) he differs with me about/on/over when to go for a picnic. 在何時(shí)去野餐這件事情上，他與我的意見(jiàn)向左。3. represent vt. 代表，象征 1) the headmaster could not go to the meeting, so mr smith represented him. 校長(zhǎng)不能去開(kāi)會(huì)，因此史密斯代表他去參加了。 2) the rose represents england. 玫瑰花是英格蘭的象徵。 represent sb./sth. as 意為“把某人/某物描述成” 3) the king is represented as a villain in the play. 在這出劇中把國(guó)王刻畫(huà)成一個(gè)反面人物。4. as a whole 作為整體，總體上 1) the project will be beneficial to our city and to our country as a whole. 這項(xiàng)工程對(duì)我們的城市和整個(gè)國(guó)家都有益?！颈嫖觥?on the whole 大體上，總的看來(lái)，相當(dāng)于in general 2) on the whole/in general, i think your questionnaire is well designed. 總的說(shuō)來(lái)，我覺(jué)得你的問(wèn)卷設(shè)計(jì)得不錯(cuò)。5. combine v. 組合，（使）聯(lián)合，（使）結(jié)合 combine together 把結(jié)合起來(lái) 1) none of us has much money, so lets combine what weve got together. 我們?nèi)魏稳说腻X(qián)都不多，所以我們把錢(qián)湊一起吧。 combine a with b 把a(bǔ)與b結(jié)合起來(lái) 2) if we can combine theory with practice, it will be better. 要是我們能把理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，那就更好了。combination n. 結(jié)合,聯(lián)合6. turn into (使) 變成，也可用turn to 1) water turns into/to ice when the temperature is below freezing. 當(dāng)氣溫低于零度，水就變成冰。 2) heat turns ice into/to steam. 高溫把冰變成蒸汽。 【拓展】turn away 轉(zhuǎn)身不看，不理睬；攆走，把拒之門(mén)外turn out 關(guān)掉；結(jié)果是(to be/that)turn up 開(kāi)大；出現(xiàn)，露面turn down 調(diào)小，放低；拒不接受turn over 移交，交給；翻(頁(yè))；翻身；翻到turn in 交（上去）turn to 找（某人尋求幫助等）turn off 關(guān)掉（燈等）turn on 開(kāi)（燈等）7. indicate vt. 顯示，表示；象征，暗示 1) research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒煙。2) cattle lying down indicate rain. 牛躺下預(yù)示有雨。8. distinguish vt. 區(qū)別，識(shí)別；使杰出;使顯出特色 distinguish vt. 區(qū)別，識(shí)別（多和from連用） 1) it is hard to distinguish her from her sister. 很難區(qū)別她和她妹妹。 distinguish vi. 區(qū)別，識(shí)別（多和between連用） 2) you should be able to distinguish between right and wrong. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)能區(qū)分對(duì)錯(cuò)。 distinguish vt. 使杰出;使顯出特色 3) she distinguished herself as a black lawyer. 她成了一位杰出的黑人律師。 【拓展】、 distinguished adj. 著名的，卓越的，突出的 4) he is the most distinguished chemist in the country. 他是這個(gè)國(guó)家最卓越的化學(xué)家。 distinguishable adj. 看的清楚的，區(qū)分得開(kāi)的 5) a black object is not easily distinguishable on a dark night. 黑色的物體在夜晚不容易看清。 6) tom is hardly distinguishable from his twin brother. 很難區(qū)分湯姆和他的雙胞胎兄弟。練習(xí)一、 首字母填空。1. we chinese have friends t the world.2. a large v is a must if you want to learn a language well.3. both english and french are o languages of canada.4. overwork, little rest and poor food all c to his illness.5. a well written article should have both a good beginning and a good e .6. the word “not” are p differently in the uk and the usa.7. our school is a non-smoking one. so smoking is b in our school. 8. she smiled to me, i that she had seen me.9. the blacks are fighting against r discrimination.10. taiwan is separated from m of china by taiwan strait.二、根據(jù)中文填空。1. there are 30 persons injured in the road accident, the driver _ (包括).2. we have _ (經(jīng)歷) many tests in our life.3. the _ (侵略) of the japanese enemies brought great harm to our country.4. chinese words are often formed by _ (結(jié)合) different characters.5. everyone thinks that it _ (不同于) from many western languages. 6. it is easy for us to understand the _ (簡(jiǎn)化的) chinese characters.7. there are many other examples _ (反映) the development of chinese writing.8. this house is so old that it is impossible to find its _ (原來(lái)的) owner.9. good health _ (取決于) on good food and exercise.10. the national flag should be _ (升起) every day.三 選詞填空。adopt depend on contribute to differ from reflect take control of turn into ban as a whole indicate 1. a red sky at night _ fine weather the following day.2. many factors _ the development of the company in the past few years.3. she can see her face _ in the mirror, which becomes pale day after day.4 it is certain that the little girl will _ a beauty someday.5. to ensure the safety of students, the school _ students from running on busy roads outside the school.6. john _ the business when his father retired.7. we should _ ourselves rather than on others, including our parents.8. considering your idea _, i think it will be beneficial to our company.9. what is known to all is that cultures _ country and country.10. having no children of their own, they decided to _ an orphan(孤兒).四 用所給詞語(yǔ)編寫(xiě)故事。要求：起碼要用上8個(gè)所給單詞或詞組，故事情節(jié)不限。represent spread pick up consist of access confused create include pronunciation differkey一、