西洋樂器的中文和英文名稱.doc

西洋樂器的中文和英文名稱弦樂組；小提琴violin、中提琴viola、大提琴cello、低音大提琴double bass，豎琴harp、管風(fēng)琴、鋼琴piano、六弦琴vielle、曼佗林mandolin、班卓琴banjo木管組：短笛piccolo、橫笛 (也稱長笛)flute、單簧管clarinet、低音單簧管bass clarinet、薩克斯管saxophone、雙簧管oboe、高音雙簧管treble oboe、英國管English horn、大管bassoon、低音大管bass bassoon 銅管組：短號 cornet，小號trumpet，法國號(圓號)french horn，伸縮號(長號)trombone，大號tuba。 打擊組：定音鼓timpani、低音鼓bass drum、小鼓snare drum、鈸cymbals、三角鐵triangle、鈴鼓tambourine、排鐘chime、鑼gong、木琴xylophone、鐘琴glockenspiel、雪橇鈴sleigh bells、響板castanets、砂槌maracas、棘輪ratchet、牛鈴cow bells、布谷鳥笛cuckoo flute、盒梆box bang、樂鞭music whipflute長笛Ahigh-pitchedwoodwindinstrumentconsistingofaslendertubeclosedatoneendwithkeysandfingerholesonthesideandanopeningneartheclosedendacrosswhichthebreathisblown.由一根一端封閉的纖細(xì)管子組成的高音木管樂器，側(cè)邊有按鍵和指孔，靠近封閉端有一個(gè)使氣流進(jìn)入的開口Alsocalled:transverseflutepiccolo短笛Asmallflutepitchedanoctaveabovearegularflute.一種音調(diào)比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子clarinet單簧管Awoodwindinstrumenthavingastraight,cylindricaltubewithaflaringbellandasingle-reedmouthpiece,playedbymeansoffingerholesandkeys.單簧管，黑管一種管樂器，有直的圓筒形管身和一個(gè)外敞的管口及一個(gè)單簧吹口，以指孔和鍵的方式演奏oboe雙簧管Aslenderwoodwindinstrumentwithaconicalboreandadoublereedmouthpiece,havingarangeofthreeoctavesandapenetrating,poignantsound.帶有一個(gè)圓錐形孔和雙簧管吹口的細(xì)小的木管樂器，具有三個(gè)八度音域和穿透力強(qiáng)而尖利的聲音Englishhorn英國管Adouble-reedwoodwindinstrumentsimilartobutlargerthantheoboeandpitchedlowerbyafifth.一種雙簧的木制管樂器，類似于雙簧管，但音高比雙簧管低五度bassoon或fogotto大管Alow-pitchedwoodwindinstrumentwithadoublereed,havingalongwoodenbodyattachedtoaU-shapedlateraltubethatleadstothemouthpiece.Therangeofthisinstrumentistypicallytwooctaveslowerthanthatoftheoboe.巴松管，低音管一種低調(diào)的有雙簧的木管樂器，有長的木質(zhì)管身并與通向吹口的側(cè)面管身相連，這種樂器的音域范圍比雙簧管明顯的低兩個(gè)八音度doublebassoon低音大管Thelargestandlowestpitchedofthedouble-reedwindinstruments,soundinganoctavebelowthebassoon.雙簧管系管樂器中音高最低的也是最大的樂器，比低音管的音高低一個(gè)八度Alsocalled:contrabassonhorn或Frenchhorn圓號或法國圓號Avalvedbrasswindinstrumentthatproducesamellowtonealong,narrowtubethatiscoiledinacirclebeforeendinginaflaringbell.一種有活瓣的銅管樂器，從漩渦形且端部有喇叭口的又長又細(xì)的管子里發(fā)出圓潤的樂音trumpet小號Asopranobrasswindinstrumentconsistingofalongmetaltubeloopedonceandendinginaflaredbell,themoderntypebeingequippedwiththreevalvesforproducingvariationsinpitch.一種高音銅管樂器，由一根從前為環(huán)狀的金屬管和呈喇叭口得末端構(gòu)成，現(xiàn)代小號上裝有三個(gè)活瓣以制造不同的音高cornet短號Awindinstrumentofthetrumpetclass,havingthreevalvesoperatedbypistons.號類的一種管樂器，有三個(gè)用活塞控制的栓塞trombone長號Abrassinstrumentconsistingofalongcylindricaltubebentuponitselftwice,endinginabell-shapedmouth,andhavingamovableU-shapedslideforproducingdifferentpitches.一種銅管樂器，由彎曲兩次的長圓筒形金屬管構(gòu)成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一個(gè)可滑動(dòng)的U形拉管，可發(fā)出不同音高的音tuba大號Alarge,valved,brasswindinstrumentwithabasspitch.大型帶活塞的低音銅管樂器kettledrums或timpani定音鼓Violin 小提琴A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics.用弓演奏的一種弦樂器，具有在第五音的音程上調(diào)音的四根弦和不分格指板，形體較古提琴淺，音域、音色和強(qiáng)弱相當(dāng)靈活I(lǐng)MGsize=250/city/musiccenter/teaching/instrumentbooks/string/violin/violinpic/violin.gif/IMGsize Viola 中提琴 stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone.提琴家族中的一種弦樂器，稍大于小提琴，調(diào)音比小提琴低五度，聲音更為深沉、洪亮IMGsize=250http:/www.asinari.it/viola.jpg/IMGsize Cello 大提琴A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass.一種提琴類四弦樂器，音調(diào)比中提琴低但比低音提琴高IMGsize=250 http:/www.asinari.it/cello.jpg/IMGsize Double bass 低音提琴或大貝司The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C.尤用于撥奏的現(xiàn)代管弦樂隊(duì)的最大弓弦樂器，也常用于爵士樂合奏。低音提琴通常被算作提琴類，定弦為第四級音，頸部傾斜和背平是低音提琴的特點(diǎn)。它有始于中音以下三個(gè)八度音階的深度范圍IMGsize=250http:/www.asinari.it/dblbass.jpg/IMGsize本文來自: 蘿林音樂Lorein Music(/)詳細(xì)文章參考：/viewthread.php?tid=4408&page=1flute 長笛A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.由一根一端封閉的纖細(xì)管子組成的高音木管樂器，側(cè)邊有按鍵和指孔，靠近封閉端有一個(gè)使氣流進(jìn)入的開口Also called: transverse flute piccolo 短笛A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute.一種音調(diào)比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子 clarinet 單簧管A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys. 單簧管，黑管一種管樂器，有直的圓筒形管身和一個(gè)外敞的管口及一個(gè)單簧吹口，以指孔和鍵的方式演奏IMGsize=200http:/www.grafton.k12.wi.us/highschool/music/clarinet.gif/IMGsizeoboe 雙簧管A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating, poignant sound.帶有一個(gè)圓錐形孔和雙簧管吹口的細(xì)小的木管樂器，具有三個(gè)八度音域和穿透力強(qiáng)而尖利的聲音IMGsize=200/images/oboe.gif/IMGsizeEnglish horn 英國管A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth.一種雙簧的木制管樂器，類似于雙簧管，但音高比雙簧管低五度bassoon或fogotto 大管A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe.巴松管，低音管一種低調(diào)的有雙簧的木管樂器，有長的木質(zhì)管身并與通向吹口的側(cè)面管身相連，這種樂器的音域范圍比雙簧管明顯的低兩個(gè)八音度IMGsize=200http:/www.yamaha.co.jp/english/product/winds/product/wood/bassoon/img/bassoon.jpg/IMGsize double bassoon 低音大管The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon.雙簧管系管樂器中音高最低的也是最大的樂器，比低音管的音高低一個(gè)八度Also called: contrabassonIMGsize=180/scruggs/sburton/5_files/image020.gif/IMGsizehorn或French horn 圓號或法國圓號A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell.一種有活瓣的銅管樂器，從漩渦形且端部有喇叭口的又長又細(xì)的管子里發(fā)出圓潤的樂音IMGsize=200/graphics/horn.jpg/IMGsize trumpet 小號A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch.一種高音銅管樂器，由一根從前為環(huán)狀的金屬管和呈喇叭口得末端構(gòu)成，現(xiàn)代小號上裝有三個(gè)活瓣以制造不同的音高cornet 短號A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons.號類的一種管樂器，有三個(gè)用活塞控制的栓塞IMGsize=130/musicdictionary/textc/images/cornet.jpg/IMGsize trombone 長號A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches.一種銅管樂器，由彎曲兩次的長圓筒形金屬管構(gòu)成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一個(gè)可滑動(dòng)的U形拉管，可發(fā)出不同音高的音IMGsize=200http:/www.fanfare-kehlen.lu/images/instruments/trombone.gif/IMGsizetuba 大號A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch.大型帶活塞的低音銅管樂器IMGsize=130http:/www.uchile.cl/facultades/artes/mcdp/images/tuba.gif/IMGsize harp 豎琴An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers.一種有一個(gè)通常系有四十六根長短不一的琴弦的直立的開放三角架、彈奏時(shí)用手指撥動(dòng)琴弦的樂器piano 鋼琴An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals.一種樂器，用手操作鍵盤驅(qū)動(dòng)打擊鋼絲線產(chǎn)生聲音，可以通過踏瓣的方式調(diào)輕聲音或使之持續(xù)不斷Also called: pianoforte organ 風(fēng)琴An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes.一種由一定數(shù)量的靠輸送氣流發(fā)聲的管子和一個(gè)操縱機(jī)械裝置以使氣流通過管子的鍵盤構(gòu)成的樂器IMGsize=200.uk/organ%20east.jpg/IMGsize harpsichord 羽管鍵琴a stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra一種臥式豎琴型或梯形的鍵盤樂器，類似三角鋼琴，但通常有兩層鍵盤（部分為一層，及其個(gè)別亦有三層）和兩套或更多的弦（每套發(fā)出不同音質(zhì)的音），通過羽管或皮制撥子（撥子連接一頂重器，一般為一根直立的木桿）撥弦，賴琴鍵內(nèi)端推動(dòng)發(fā)聲。kettle drums或timpani 定音鼓IMGsize=200/2timpani.jpg/IMGsize compane 排鐘glockenspiel 鐘琴A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers.按半音階調(diào)準(zhǔn)的分級金屬棒構(gòu)成的打擊樂器，用兩個(gè)輕槌擊奏 xylophone 木琴A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets.一種打擊樂器，由逐級加長的一排排鑲嵌的木棒組成，并發(fā)出半音音階，用兩個(gè)小木槌敲擊IMGsize=200/images/xylophone.jpg/IMGsizebass drum 大鼓A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant sound.一種大鼓，有個(gè)圓筒形鼓身和兩個(gè)面，并能發(fā)出低沉的、共鳴的聲音 side drum 小鼓cymbals 鈸 gong 鑼 triangl 三角鐵IMGsize=200http: