定語從句重難點復習性講練.doc

定語從句重難點復習性講練知識講解：9關系代詞主語動賓介賓 定語人whothatwho whomthatwhomwhose (某人的)=of whom the物which thatwhichwhose(某物的)=of which thewhose 在定語從句中作定語，表示引導詞與 whose 后的名詞為所屬關系。whose多指人，也可指物，可分別與 of which/whom the互換使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue. 關系副詞表示從句動作發(fā)生在某時：when=at/on/in + which表示從句動作發(fā)生在某地：where=at/on/in + which表示從句動作發(fā)生的原因：why=for + which一、何時用關系副詞when, where, why引導定語從句？ when 引導定語從句:先行詞是表示時間的名詞而且是從句動作發(fā)生的時間時，用when引導定語從句。Ill never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when (=in which) we wont be busy.where 引導定語從句:先行詞是表示地點的名詞或含有地點意義的抽象名詞而且是從句動作發(fā)生的地點時，用where引導定語從句。This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.Ill show you the point where you failed.why引導定語從句:先行詞是reason并且從句是表示結果時，用why引導定語從句。This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.比較：The reason _ she gave was not true.特別注意：當定語從句缺主語或賓語才直接用which或that引導定語從句。The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent on campus.Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.二、介詞+關系代詞應注意的情況:1. who、that 不能用于介詞之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to _ you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in _ she lives is far away.2. 在固定短語中介詞不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better.三、如何確定介詞？把先行詞接到從句謂語后面去,看需要什么介詞。1、看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配He is the man _ whom I think you can depend. The house _ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.3、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞搭配The school _ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age_ which children can go to school is seven.4.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞搭配來選用介詞，這時是兩者兼顧。He has lost the key to the box _ _the papers are kept. My glasses,_ _I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.His bike_ _ he went to work was stolen last night.5.名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+ of +which/whomThe committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _ are women.The book contains 50 poems, most of _ was written in 1930s.There are two left, one of _ is almost finished ,and the other of _ is not quite. I have a sentence , the meaning of _ I dont understand.四、非限制性定語從句和單句的比較1. I am reading Harry Porter， _is an interesting book. I am reading Harry Porter，and _is an interesting book.I am reading Harry Porter; _is an interesting book. 2. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry. He failed in the exam, and _made his parents angry.He failed in the exam; _ made his parents angry.3. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.He has two sons, and both of _ are teachers.He has two sons; both of _ are teachers. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers.4. It might rain tomorrow; in _ case well have to put off the sports meeting until next Friday. It might rain tomorrow, in _ case well have to put off the sports meeting until next Friday.5. They stayed with me for two weeks, during _ time they drank all the bill I had. They stayed with me for two weeks; during _ time they drank all the bill I had.五、as引導定語從句1. as 引導的限定性定語從句（1）This is the same book _ I lost yesterday. 這本書和我昨天丟的那本一模一樣。This is the same book _ I lost yesterday. 這本書就是我昨天丟的那本。注意：當先行詞被the same 修飾時，引導詞用as和that時意義不同。（2）This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. 這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句)This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結果狀語從句)2. as 引導的非限制性定語從句_ is known to us all, the earth is round. The earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to us all that the earth is round. The earth is round; _ is known to us all._ is known to us all is that the earth is round.注意：非限定性定語從句在句首時只能用as，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which只有“這一點，這件事”的意思。比較：He married again, _ we expected. He married again, _ was beyond our expectation.3. as 與which的區(qū)別：只能用as的情況：(1).固定句型：the same .as ; such. as; soas即:當先行詞有such/so修飾時關系代詞常用as. as充當賓語或表語.I shall do it in the same way_ （像你那樣的）. I want to buy such a book_ （你擁有的）.He is so good a teacher as _（我們都喜歡的）. He is not the same man_ (過去那樣的).比較:He is not the man_ (過去那樣的).(2).代替整個句子，意為“正如”時,與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：as we all know=as is known to all, ; 正如大家都知道的；眾所周知as is said above, .如上所述as is often the case,.; 正如經常出現(xiàn)的情況 as is reported in the newspaper,.正如報紙所報道的as we expected/planned; 正如我們所期盼/計劃的 as you know/see; 正如你所知道/看到的六、難點解析：易混情況之含有定語從句的疑問句Is this house _ you lived in last year?A. where B. that C which D. the oneThis house is the one (that)Is this the house _ you lived in last year? A. where B. that C. in which D. the oneThis is the house (that)難點解析：易混情況關系代詞和關系副詞的選用1. Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 不及物動詞。2. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 及物動詞,缺賓語3. I went back to the place I spend my childhood. 及物動詞,不缺賓語4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 及物動詞,缺賓語5. This is the reason _he was late. 6. This is the reason _ he gave. 及物動詞,缺賓語七、怎樣區(qū)分where引導的定語從句和狀語從句where前面有被修飾的地點名詞時，是定語從句，否則是狀語從句。When you read books, you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions. 定語從句When you read books, you had better make a mark where you have any questions. 地點狀語從句區(qū)別于其它從句:Put the note where it can easily be found.地點狀語從句 Put the note at the place where it can easily be found. 定語從句This is where I was born. 表語從句 This is the place where I was born. 定語從句八、定語從句和名詞性從句的轉換：先行詞和關系詞合二為一： Anyone who (= Whoever) leaves the room last should turn off the lights. I will do all that(=what) I can to help you. I will do whatever (=anything that或everything that) I can to help you. 九、關系詞的使用規(guī)定：在下列情況指人只能用 who 而不用that1.先行詞是one / ones / anyone 時要用whoOne who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who are often late should be punishedDont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.2.先行詞為 those, he 時用 “who”而不用 “that”. Those who break the law are punished. He who laughs last laughs best.He who breaks the law is punished. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.關系代詞不用that，而用which，who，whom的情況：a.在非限制性定語從句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。He made the same mistakes again, which made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary, which cost me more than 100 yuan.Mr. Smith, who gave a talk several months ago, will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad, whom I havent met for along time.His dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.b.緊跟在介詞后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。Her bag, in which she put all her money, has been stolen.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang, with whom I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.Which is the car, the owner of which you know?關系代詞that和which在很多情況下可以互換，但下列情況只用that(不管是指人還是指物)。1.先行詞是all , everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代詞時。All _ can be done has been done. Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?There is little _ can be believed about it . The book doesnt say much _ amuses children.2.先行詞被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last修飾時。Ive read all the books _ you lent me. No sample _ we nave received is satisfactory.Please send us any information _ you have about the subject. He is the only person _ was present at the time.3.先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。Hamburg is the most beautiful city _Ive ever seen. This is the best TV _ is made in China.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.This is the first/second/last book (that) he has read.4.先行詞中既有人又有事物時.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.5. 先行詞在主句中作表語且關系代詞在從句中作表語時.My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.He didnt become the kind of person that his father wanted him to be.6. 由which和who開頭的問句中避免重復Which is the subject (that) you are going to learn next term? Who is the man that came to see you just now?Who that you have ever seen can do it better? Who that you are talking to is the young fellow ?記憶口訣：the very, the only; the same, no, any; 兩項并列人與物；不定、序數(shù)、最高級。（“不定”指不定代詞，但指人的one / ones / anyone/those/he除外。）特殊情況 I dont like the way _he speaks to me. This is the first time_I have been here.十一、定語從句與強調句的結合?？疾槎ㄕZ從句引導詞與強調句引導詞that的位置. 在對話中往往省略that部分，如：-I cant find Mr. Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?-It was in the hotel _ he stayed (that I met him this morning).A. that B. there C. which D. where-Where did you get to know her?-It was on the farm _ we worked.A. thatB. thereC. whichD. whereIt was in the village _ he once lived _ he got his junior education.A. that; where B. where that C. which; where D. where; which十二、分割性定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面，但有些時候也會被同位語、狀語、謂語、其它定語等成分分割。此時此時要能夠理清句子結構，慧眼識別先行詞及定語從句。1. The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET2001）A. until B. that C. when D. where2. He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years. （2002年上海春季卷）A. is B. are C. have been D. has been3. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （08江西） A. where B. when C. who D. which4. A fast food restaurant is the place_, just as the name suggests, eating is done quickly.A. whichB. whereC. there D. what鞏固練習：填空題1. This is the day _I met him.2. This is the day _I will never forget.3. This is the day _we spent together.4. This is the place _I lived last year.5. This is the place _ I was born.6. This is the place _I visited last year.7. The reason_ he gave for his being late was that his mother was ill.8. The reason _he was late was that his mother was ill.9. The reason_ his mother was ill led to his being late.10. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.11. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.12. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. 13. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.14. Is this the factory _ we visited last week? 15. Is this factory _ we visited last week? 16. Is this the factory _ his father works?17. The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.18. The room _ my family live used to be a garage.19. Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?20. Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? 21. I will never forget the day. I first went to school on _.22. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.23. (比較) I will never forget the year _ I first went to school.24. This is the girl. _ wallet is lost.25. This is the girl _ wallet is lost.26. Give me the book. The cover of _ is red.27. Give me the book _ cover is red.28. Give me the book, _ the cover is red.29. Give me the book, the cover _ is red.30. Last week we visited the factory. My brother works in_.31. Last week we visited the factory _ my brother works.32. Last week we visited the factory _ my brother works in.33. The reason was not clear. He didnt come for _. 34.The reason _ he didnt come was not clear.35. Tell me the reason _ you came late.36. This is the room_ _they once lived.37. This is the reason_ _ I failed.38. The pencil_ _he wrote was broken.39. She has three children, all_ _ are at school.40. I dont know the student _ Tom quarreled yesterday.41. I dont know the thing _Tom and Mary quarreled yesterday.42. She is the girl _ I went there.43. I cant find the very pen _I wrote that letter.44. China has a lot of famous writers, one_ _is Lu Xun.45. Do you like the book she spent $10? 53.Do you like the book she paid $10?46. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 47.Do you like the book she often talks? 48.There is a tall tree outside, _stands our teacher.49.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is the Yellow River.50. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.51. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.52. He did all / everything _he could to help me.53. This is the very thing _ I am after.54. We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.55. He is the only man _ can do the work.56. This is the first thing _ I want to say.57. He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.58. Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.59. Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.60. Is there anything else _ you want to say?61. Any person _ has the money can join the group.62. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the army.63. He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset.64. Ill never forget the factory _ my father worked.65. He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy.66. The man _ I spoke is a famous scientist.67. This is the hotel _ you will stay.68. The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.69. This is the factory _.I once worked.70. This is the teacher _ teaches us maths.71. She is the girl _ I met at the party.72. The money _ is in the wallet is mine.73. The money _ my mother gave me yesterday has been stolen.74. This is the house _ my sister lives75. This is the house _ my sister lives in.76. The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.77. I dont like the way _ you speak to your mother.78. I dont like the way _ he suggested.79. This is the way _ leads to the small village.80. This is the first time _ I have been here.選擇題：1. All_ is useful to us is good.A. which B. what C. that D. whether2. Is this factory _the foreign visitors visited last week? A. where B. that C. which D. the one3. She will never forget the days _she spent in Beijing. A. when B. what C. which D. why4. This is the school _my father worked thirty years ago. A. that B. when C. which D. where5. The text is one of the most interesting stories _learned in the past three years.A. that have B. that have beenC. which has D. which has been6. The college wont take on anyone _eyesight is weak. A. who B. whose C. of whom D. which7. Let me think of proper situation _this sentence can be used. A. where B. that C. which D. of which8. The man _you are talking is in the next room. A. to whom B. about whom C. who D. whom9. This is the factory _he used to work at, many workers of _still have a good relationship with him. A. that; it B. which; whomC. that; which D. which; that10. Here is the bicycle _in the shop. A. that you saw it B. that saw itC. you saw D. you saw it11. Those_to take part in the game write down your names, please. A. who B. who want C. that wants D want12. I, _your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. what is C. what am D. who am13. His walking-sick, _he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A. that B. with which C. which D. without which14. There are three libraries in our school, _were built five years ago. A. all of them B. either of them C. all of which D. both of that15. The reason _he cant come is that he has to work late. A. because B. that C. why D. for16. He is not the man _he used to be.A. w