高考英語譯林版選修七 真題點睛學(xué)案：Unit 21 Word版含答案.doc

doctors say you had better use it before you lose it.the more you sit each day，the more chance you have of getting sick.richard rosenkranz of kansas state university is among the researchers.he says people who sit for long periods are at greater risk of some diseases when compared with those who sit less.he says that is especially true for some chronic diseases.richard rosenkranz studied the relationship between sitting and chronic diseases in middleaged australian men.he worked with researchers from the university of western sydney.they studied the health records of more than 63,000 men from new south wales.the men were between the ages of 45 and 65.the men reported about what diseases they had or did not have.and they kept a record of the amount of time that they sat each day.the study also shows that exercising every morning for 30 minutes does not reduce the health risk if you spend the next eight hours sitting at a desk.mr.rosenkranz says it is important to make sure that you exercise.also he says it is important to find ways not to sit so much during the day.many jobs today require sitting and working at a desk all day.james levine works at the mayo clinic in the united states.he suggests working while standing at a high table some of the time instead of sitting at a desk.dr.levine also suggests standing while using the telephone or eating.and he notes that if you spend more time on your feet，you may have muscle activity that helps burn fat and sugar in your body.1at risk of有的風(fēng)險2compared with與相比3chronic disease慢性疾病4require vt.要求period onewelcome to the unit & reading.單詞自測1chemist n藥劑師，藥商；化學(xué)家chemistry n化學(xué)2surgeon n外科醫(yī)師3revolution n巨變，大變革；革命；旋轉(zhuǎn)，天體運行4counter n柜臺；計數(shù)器；反駁；vt.反駁；抵制，抵消count v數(shù)數(shù)，計算，依靠5beneficial adj.有益的，有用的benefit v對有益；得益于；n.益處6possess vt.擁有，具有possession n財產(chǎn)，所有物；所有權(quán)7vital adj.對極重要的，必不可少的8potential n可能性，潛在性；潛力，潛能；adj.潛在的，可能的potentially adv.潛在地，可能地9circulate vi.& vt.循環(huán)；傳播，散布；傳遞，傳閱circulation n循環(huán)；傳播10abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的normal_(反義詞) adj.正常的；平常的11astonish vt.使十分驚訝；使吃驚astonishing adj.令人驚訝的astonished adj.感到驚訝的astonishment n驚訝12application n應(yīng)用，運用；申請，申請表；涂抹，外敷apply vt.申請；應(yīng)用；涂抹13unable adj.不能，無法able(反義詞) adj.能夠，有能力的14effective adj.有效的；實際的，事實上的；生效的effect n影響，結(jié)果15approval n批準(zhǔn)，通過；贊成，同意approve v批準(zhǔn)，通過；贊成，同意16accelerate vt.& vi.(使)加速，加快acceleration n加快；增進17mass adj.大規(guī)模的；數(shù)量極多的；n.一團，一堆；許多；(物理)質(zhì)量18sickness n疾??；惡心，嘔吐sick adj.有病的，惡心的19symptom n癥狀；征兆20bleed vi.流血，失血blood n血.短語自測1focus_on集中于2open_up打開；開拓；開業(yè)3in_the_form_of以形式4carry_out執(zhí)行，實施5try_out測試，試驗；參加選拔6in_large_quantities大量地7pick_out挑選8by_accident意外地.閱讀課文，選出最佳答案1which of the statements is wrong according to the passage?aaspirin and penicillin have saved millions of peoples lives.baspirin was invented in 1897.caspirin was made from a chemical.dchewing on leaves will have the same effect as taking aspirin.答案d2aspirin can not only prove vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but also _.areduce the risk of having bad coldsbreduce the risk of heart attackscreduce the risk of all cancersdcure all the people with diabetes答案b3which statement is true according to the passage?aaspirin can prevent strokes.baspirin can help all the people with heart disease live longer.csome cancers can be cured by aspirin.dwithout aspirin no one will live for more than 100 years.答案a4which statement is wrong about penicillin?apenicillin has saved millions of peoples lives.bpenicillin has helped increase the standard of peoples health.cpenicillin is one of the most important medicines in contemporary society.dpenicillin can kill all kinds of bacteria.答案d5if penicillin had not been available，_.aworld war would not have taken placebmany people would have died from sickness or even small woundscanother medicine that has the same effect would have been inventeddthere would have been more men than women in the world答案b.細(xì)讀課文，完成表格，每空一詞names of 1medicinesaspirinpenicillinwho inventedor discovered itdr felix hoffmannalexander flemingwho put it into 2.use/practice or produced itthe company hoffmann worked forhoward florey and ernst chainwhat is 3.contained in the medicinesalicylic acidmouldusesreducing fever and helping stop 4.painreducing the 5.risk of heart attacks6.preventing/stopping strokesreducing the risk of some cancers by 40 per centreducing blood sugar 7.levelstreating wounds and illnesses caused by 8.bacteriahonors given to the medicines or the scientistsbecame the 9.bestselling medicine in the world for pain reliefconsidered to be one of the most important medicines in 10.contemporary societythe nobel prize in medicine.難句分析it was in 1897 that a european chemist called dr felix hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.句式分析：此句是強調(diào)句型“it is/wasthat/who句子的其余部分”，句中強調(diào)時間狀語in 1897。強調(diào)句型的特點是把it_is/was和that/who去掉后，如果剩余部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍是一個完整的句子，那么這個句子就是強調(diào)句，否則不是。自主翻譯：正是在1897年，一位名叫費利克斯霍夫曼的歐洲藥劑師提取了這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，制成了阿司匹林。1beneficial語境感悟(1)(教材p18)both of these medicines have saved millions of peoples lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.這兩種藥自問世以來已挽救了數(shù)百萬人的生命，并已被證明對人類是有益的。(2)i am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity.我相信大家都會從這個活動中獲益良多。(3)i hope what i have written will be of benefit to/be beneficial to someone else who may feel the same way.我希望我寫的東西將對有同感的人有所幫助。歸納拓展(1)beneficial adj.有益的；有用的be beneficial to對有益(2)benefit v對有益；得益于；n.益處benefit sb./sth.對有益benefit from從中受益be of benefit to對有益處for the benefit of./for ones benefit為了的利益即時跟蹤單句語法填空/完成句子i benefit a great deal _from your advice.the hearings and comments often help managers avoid harmful decisions，leading them toward more beneficial(benefit)choices.as we all know, books are the sources of knowledge, from which we benefit a lot.良好的飲食有益于健康。a good diet is_beneficial_to/benefits/of_benefit_to health.為了這名藥劑師的利益，所有的醫(yī)生和護士舉行了罷工。for_the_benefit_of_the_chemist，all the doctors and nurses went on a strike.2possess語境感悟(1)(教材p18)nearly 3,500 years ago，people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.近3 500年前，人們咀嚼一種含有特殊化學(xué)物質(zhì)的樹葉或飲用由這種樹葉制成的茶，以減輕身體的疼痛或退燒。(2)twenty years ago，his father was very rich and was in possession of a farm.二十年前，他父親非常富有，有一個農(nóng)場。(3)the rare stamp is in the possession of an unknown collector.那張珍貴的郵票現(xiàn)在為一位不知名的收藏家所有。歸納拓展(1)possess vt.擁有，具有；支配，控制(2)possession nu擁有；(常用復(fù)數(shù))個人財產(chǎn)have/get/gain/take possession of占有；擁有in possession of占有in the possession of sb.為某人所有即時跟蹤單句語法填空/完成句子does the young man standing there have possession(possess)of the company?no.the company is in the possession of his father.drivers must be_in_possession_of(具有)a current driving licence.this car is_in_the_possession_of(為所有)the old man.3vital語境感悟(1)(教材p18)not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.阿司匹林不僅被證明對于退燒、止痛必不可少，而且還有其他用途。(2)it is vital to get the victim to the hospital at once.把受害者立刻送到醫(yī)院是至關(guān)重要的。(3)it is vital that a middle school student (should) learn english well.學(xué)好英語對中學(xué)生來說是十分重要的。歸納拓展注意：在句型“it is vital that.”中，從句謂語動詞要用“(should)動詞原形”的形式。即時跟蹤單句語法填空/完成句子/單句改錯reading is of vital importance in language learning.it is vital that we (should)_be_kept(keep) informed of all developments.中國轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟增長方式的努力對世界經(jīng)濟極其重要。chinas efforts to transform its economic growth is_of_vital_importance/vital_to the worlds economy.在處理緊急事情時保持鎮(zhèn)定是極其重要的。it_is_vital_to_keep_calm when dealing with emergency. is vital that we finish our homework on time.4potential語境感悟(1)(教材p18)lawrence craven，a doctor from the usa，introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks.美國醫(yī)生勞倫斯克雷文在1953年提出一個觀點，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(2)as a student，you still havent realized your potential.作為一個學(xué)生，你還沒有把你的潛能發(fā)揮出來。(3)the disease is a potential killer for children.這種病對孩子們來說是個潛在的殺手。歸納拓展(1)potential n潛力，潛能；adj.有潛力的realize ones potential發(fā)揮某人的潛能(2)potentially adv.可能地；潛在地即時跟蹤用所給詞的正確形式填空/完成句子the study found that physical training has the potential to_increase(increase)the quality of bones.the plant is potentially(potential) harmful to your health.首先，我們需要弄清楚實際和潛在的問題。first，we need to identify actual_and_potential_problems.5astonish語境感悟(1)(教材p19)it astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead，which meant that the mould had killed them.令他十分驚訝的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這種霉周圍的細(xì)菌都死了，這意味著這種霉殺死了它們。(2)instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.然而，他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)了相反的一面。(3)i was astonished at being so familiarly addressed.我對被這樣熟悉地稱呼感到吃驚。歸納拓展(1)astonish vt.使驚訝(2)astonishing adj.令人驚訝的(3)astonished adj.感到驚訝的be astonished to do sth.對于做某事感到驚訝be astonished at對感到驚訝(4)astonishment n驚訝to ones astonishment令某人驚訝的是即時跟蹤用astonish的適當(dāng)形式填空/單句語法填空she gave me an astonished look.the car rushed at the bridge at astonishing speed.you may imagine their astonishment at finding the room empty.to my astonishment，she still remembered my name.we were astonished to_find(find)the temple still in its original condition.6application語境感悟(1)(教材p19)he immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.他立刻想到可以把這種霉應(yīng)用到由細(xì)菌引起的疾病的治療上。(2)i made an application to the club for qualification to try out.我向該俱樂部申請參加選拔的資格。(3)the new rule was applied to imported cars.這條新規(guī)定被運用于進口車上。歸納拓展(1)application n應(yīng)用，運用；申請(表)；涂抹make an application(to sb.)for(向某人)申請(2)apply vt.應(yīng)用，適用；申請apply to sb.for sth.向某人申請某事apply for申請，請求apply to應(yīng)用于/涉及到(3)applicant n申請人即時跟蹤單句語法填空you have to apply for a passport in advance.the laws apply to everyone regardless of race，creed(信仰) or colour.they applied to the government for financial help.what astonished me was that the application(apply)had been turned down.to my delight, i was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply) to attend the opening ceremony.7effective語境感悟(1)(教材p19)second，it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.第二，難以生產(chǎn)出足量的青霉素以產(chǎn)生藥效。(2)your house may have an effect on your figure.你的房子可能對你的身材有影響。(3)the new law will come into effect at the start of september.新法令將在九月初開始生效。歸納拓展(1)effective adj.有效的；實際的；生效的(2)effect n作用，效果cause and effect因果have an effect on對有影響come into effect生效；開始實行put/o effect使生效have/take effect起作用，產(chǎn)生效果即時跟蹤用effect適當(dāng)形式填空/完成句子the plan for protecting the endangered animals will soon be put into effect.the local government has already taken some effective measures to develop the country without damaging the ecosystem.我嘗試通過藥物來治療頭疼，但是它們不起作用。i tried taking tablets for the headache but they_didnt_have/take_effect.1try out語境感悟(1)(教材p19)fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.弗萊明將這種霉用在另外一種細(xì)菌上做試驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)它同樣殺死了那種細(xì)菌。(2)try on clothing and shoes to make sure they fit.試穿一下衣服和鞋子以確保它們合適。(3)he said he was going to try for first place next year.他說他下一年會爭取奪得第一名。歸納拓展即時跟蹤寫出黑體部分的含義/完成句子we wont be able to tell what skills the man has until we try him out.試用scientists tried out thousands of chemicals before they found the right one.試驗these teams are going to try out for the olympic games.參加選拔五十多個男孩來競爭參加足球隊。over fifty boys came to try_out_for_the_football_team.這個項目的目的是鼓勵學(xué)生嘗試網(wǎng)上的新想法。the aim of the project is to encourage students to_try_out_new_ideas on networks.2in large quantities語境感悟(1)(教材p19)howard florey (australian) and ernst chain(germanborn english)，helped solve these problems，and managed to make and test the new drug in large quantities.澳大利亞人霍華德弗洛里和德裔英國人恩斯特錢恩幫助解決了這些問題，并設(shè)法大量地制造和試用這種新藥。(2)large quantities of carbon dioxide are released into the air.a large quantity of carbon dioxide is released into the air.大量的二氧化碳被排放到空氣中。歸納拓展in large quantities大量地大/少量的注意：a great/large quantity of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定；large quantities of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。即時跟蹤單句語法填空he buy tings in large quantities.quantities of books are(be) needed at the present.large quantities of furniture of the latest styles are(be) on sale.as a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert has(have) covered the land.3due to語境感悟(1)(教材p19)due to the widespread use of penicillin，many lives were saved during the war.由于青霉素的廣泛應(yīng)用，戰(zhàn)爭期間很多生命得以挽救。(2)i am due to leave quite soon.我很快就該走了。(3)any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.欠你的錢將在月底之前還給你。歸納拓展due adj.預(yù)定的；預(yù)期的；到期的；欠款的due to由于，因為(可作表語或狀語，to為介詞)be due to do sth.預(yù)期做某事be due to (doing) sth.歸因于(做)某事be due to sb.欠某人be due for.應(yīng)有；應(yīng)得到即時跟蹤完成句子她因病缺席。her absence is_due_to/because_of_illness.她很快該晉升了。she is_due_for_promotion soon.下一趟去倫敦的火車預(yù)計4點鐘到達(dá)。the next train to london is_due_at_4_oclock.1it is likely that.語境感悟(1)(教材p18)if you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world，it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.倘若你打開世界上任何一個藥柜或去任何一個藥品柜臺，都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。(2)it is likely that he will agree to the plan.he is likely to agree to the plan.他很可能會同意這項計劃。(3)me？join them？not likely!我？和他們一起？沒門兒！歸納拓展教材原句中的it is likely that是一個主從復(fù)合句。it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)一個主語從句。it is likely that.意為“可能”，為常用句型，常與sb./sth.is likely to do.互換。not likely.(表示堅決不同意)絕不可能；絕對不會。表示“可能”的句型還有：its possible (for sb.) to do sth.its possible that.its probable that.注意：possible和probable作表語時，其主語不能是人，而是it。即時跟蹤一句多譯葉詩文在2017年有可能會創(chuàng)造一項新的世界紀(jì)錄。it_is_possible_for ye shiwen to set a new world record in 2017.it_is_likely/probable/possible that ye shiwen will set a new world record in 2017.ye shiwen is_likely_to_set a new world record in 2017.2not only.but also.語境感悟(1)(教材p18)not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.阿司匹林不僅被證明對于退燒、止痛必不可少，而且還有其他用途。(2)not only you but also i am unlucky this time.這次不僅是你，我的運氣也不好。(3)not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不僅學(xué)生們，還有那位老師也反對該項計劃。歸納拓展not only.but also.不僅而且，可以連接兩個并列的主語、謂語、表語、狀語或分句。注意：(1)當(dāng)not only.but also.連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”。(2)not only置于句首時，其后的句子要用部分倒裝，but also后的句子不倒裝，also可省略。即時跟蹤完成句子她不僅是我們的老師，同時又是我們的朋友，我們都尊敬和愛戴她。she is not_only_our_teacher_but_also_our_friend.we all respect and love her.它不僅讓我們接近自然，使我們從沉重的學(xué)業(yè)中得到放松，同時也促進了我們的友誼。not only did_it_get_us_close_to_nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work，it also promoted the friendship among us.不但她，而且她的姐妹們也擅長舞蹈。not only she but also her sisters are_good_at_dancing.3if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣語境感悟(1)(教材p19)if penicillin had not been available，many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.如果沒有青霉素，很多人會死于疾病，甚至很小的傷口。(2)if i knew the answers to all your questions，i would be a genius.我要是能回答你所有的問題，我就是天才了。(3)if it should rain tomorrow，what would you do?如果明天下雨，你怎么辦？歸納拓展(1)教材原句使用了虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是if從句用過去完成時，主句用would/should/might/could現(xiàn)在完成時。(2)表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)：從句謂語形式為did(be動詞通常用were)，主句謂語形式為would/could/should/might do。(3)表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)：從句謂語形式為did/should do/were to do，主句謂語形式為would/could/should/might do。注意：通常情況下，在非真實條件句中，主句和從句的謂語動詞所指的時間是一致的，但有時也可能指不同的時間，這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式。即時跟蹤用所給詞的正確形式填空if it rained/were_to_rain/should_rain(rain) tomorrow，the match would be put off.if i hadnt_seen(see) it with my own eyes, i wouldnt have believed it.if she hadnt been sent on a business trip by her boss，she would_be(be) here with us now，enjoying the snow. .單句語法填空1keeping your body in shape is beneficial(benefit)to mental health.2that old book is my most precious possession(possess)3he showed his approval(approve)by shaking my hands.4it is vital that every piece of equipment (should)_be_checked(check) before the experiment.5in his letter，he said you could apply either personally or in email for the post in the company.選詞填空1jamie could hardly wait to try_out his new bike.2his failure in business was due_to his laziness.3once a plan is made，it should be_carried_out no matter how difficult it is.4with so much noise outside，i couldnt have my attention focused_on my homework at all.5i have picked_out the bad tomatoes from the basket.完成句子1她幾乎沒有什么變化，這讓他大為驚訝。it_astonished_him_that she had changed so little.2我認(rèn)為3點左右有一班火車。要是沒有，你只好等到5點半了。i think there is a train around 3 oclock.if_not，youll have to wait till 5：30.3如果他早聽我的建議的話，就不會丟了工作。if he_had_followed my advice，he wouldnt_have_lost his job.4不僅莊稼受到損害，許多人也死了。not_only_were_the_crops_damaged，but also many people died.5他可能會贏得這次比賽，如果是這樣的話他有可能進入國家隊。he may win the competition，in which case he is_likely_to_get_into_the_national_team.課文語法填空if you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world,1.it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.aspirin was invented in 1897, and the first trials of this medicine took place in 1899.in 1900，aspirin was sold in shops in 2.the form of tablets.not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain,3.but there are also other things that aspirin can help 4.with.in 1977，a study 5.carried(carry) out in the usa showed that aspirin 6.could prevent strokes.another drug 7.that/which has helped increase the standard of peoples health is penicillin.it was discovered by a scottish scientist named alexander fleming in 192