在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句.doc

在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。1語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“主句連詞賓語(yǔ)從句（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有： who，what。Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎The small children dont know what is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2）連接詞名詞謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰(shuí)的書。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room3）連接詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理4）連接詞名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。2連接詞。1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。 whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say這是否真的我說不上來(lái)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。 若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book可理解為： aPlease let me know whether you like the book請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問句，只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會(huì)遲到嗎？ 3 含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.1）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。2）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來(lái)時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。He asked his father how it happened他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。4注意： if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎？ Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you對(duì)不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了，我將告訴你。 I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。 He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他會(huì)來(lái)的。簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會(huì)遇到把含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如, Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以用不定式（短語(yǔ)）來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)精選試題1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled6. Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that7. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where8. I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be9. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when10. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how11. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D what12. They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which13. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked14. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 15. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said16. Did you know _A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after17. Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing18. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市東城區(qū))A. that B. how C. whatD. If 19. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us He will help us with our English. (杭州市)A. why B. when C. how D. where20. We never know _ the old m an is.They say he