自考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析與解題思路.doc

自考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析與解題思路近幾年的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)試卷在考查內(nèi)容和試題類(lèi)型上改動(dòng)不大，保持了命題的連貫性?？疾閮?nèi)容包括三大部分：句子的組成、段落的寫(xiě)作、應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。題型有重寫(xiě)句子、改寫(xiě)病句、識(shí)別主題句、重新組合段落、識(shí)別與段落內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)的句子、寫(xiě)信六種。本文將按題型順序?qū)?000年試題的考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)與解題思路進(jìn)行分析和探討，同時(shí)，也將對(duì)考生答題中的典型錯(cuò)誤作一剖析，希望能有益于準(zhǔn)備參加今年考試的同學(xué)。第一大題重寫(xiě)句子(本大題共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分)Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement.一，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查loose sentence 與periodic sentence之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。試題：2. I felt like taking a walk after watching the sunset. (periodic sentence)3. While they were waiting in line for the concert tickets， the rain stopped. (loose sentence)答案：2. After watching the sunset， I felt like taking a walk.3. The rain stopped while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 明確兩種句型的特點(diǎn)：就語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)而論，periodic sentence(掉尾句)中主要信息在后，次要信息在前，使句子的重心置于句尾，旨在造成懸念，引人入勝；而loose sentence(松散句)則正相反，將句義重心放在句首，使主要信息一目了然。就語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)而言，periodic sentence(掉尾句)將句子成分中的修飾部分放在主要成分(一般為主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之前；而loose sentence(松散句)則反之。(2) 第二題原句主要信息為 I felt like taking a walk，放在次要信息After watching the sunset之前，原句是loose sentence(松散句)，變換句型只要將主次信息換位即可。第三題原句的主要信息為the rain stopped，次要信息為while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets，原句是periodic sentence(掉尾句)，變換成loose sentence(松散句)，需主次信息換位。二，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查將兩個(gè)獨(dú)立短句合并成一個(gè)simple sentence的能力。試題：5. The letter is from my foreign friend. The letter arrived today. (simple sentence)9. My roommate was waiting for me at the door. He had a book in his hand. (simple sentence)答案：5. The letter from my foreign friend arrived today.9. My roommate with a book in his hand was waiting for me at the door.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 明確simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)的構(gòu)成：simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(S+V)的結(jié)構(gòu)。(2) 將兩個(gè)短句的共同主語(yǔ)作為合并后的simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)的主語(yǔ)，并將其中包含主要信息的短句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確立為simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，另一短句轉(zhuǎn)化為修飾成分。(3) 第5題原句中第一個(gè)短句為次要信息，介詞短語(yǔ)from my foreign friend可作為修飾成分。第9題原句中，第一個(gè)短句包含主要信息，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was waiting可作為合并后的simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)短句He had a book in his hand，可轉(zhuǎn)化為with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，作修飾成分?？忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析(錯(cuò)誤)The letter which arrived today is from my foreign friend.(分析)錯(cuò)誤有二：一、未將原句中包含主要信息的短句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞arrived作為合并后的simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；二、含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子不是simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)，而是complex sentence(復(fù)合句)。(錯(cuò)誤)The letter arrived today is from my foreign friend.(分析)這是一個(gè)病句，句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)沒(méi)有合適方式連接的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根本不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。(錯(cuò)誤)My roommate， who had a book in his hand， was waiting for me at the door.(分析)此句中who had a book in his hand是定語(yǔ)從句，而simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)中不能含有從句。三，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查獨(dú)立短句與compound sentence之間的轉(zhuǎn)換試題：1. Jerry is a good student. He studies hard and grasps concepts well. (compound sentence)6. We could take a taxi. We could walk to the restaurant. (compound sentence)10. I needed butter to make the cookie better. I couldnt find any. I used vegetable oil instead. (compound sentence)答案：1. Jerry is a good student， for he studies hard and grasps concepts well.6. We could take a taxi or we could walk to the restaurant.10. I needed butter to make the cookie better， but I couldnt find any， so I used vegetable oil instead.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 明確compound sentence(并列句)的特點(diǎn)：compound sentence(并列句)是由并列連詞或特定的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將意義相關(guān)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)連接起來(lái)構(gòu)成的。(2) 理順獨(dú)立短句間邏輯關(guān)系：是承遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、還是因果？確定好后在并列連接詞and， nor， but， yet， or， for， so之中選一個(gè)出來(lái)連接各分句。(3) 第1題中，兩分句間的關(guān)系為前因后果，所以選擇for引出解釋原因的分句。第6題中，兩分句為選擇關(guān)系，可用or連接。第10題較為復(fù)雜，前兩個(gè)分句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可用but或yet連接；它們又與第三個(gè)分句形成前因后果的關(guān)系，所以選擇so引出結(jié)果?？忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析(錯(cuò)誤)Jerry is a good student for he studies hard and grasps concepts well.(分析)用for引導(dǎo)表示原因的分句時(shí)，它前面一定要用comma(逗號(hào))。(錯(cuò)誤)For Jerry is a good student， he studies hard and grasps concepts well.(分析)除了因果關(guān)系不妥外，for的位置也不正確。用for連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)，前句表示結(jié)果或結(jié)論，后句說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生前述結(jié)果的原因，所以for只能出現(xiàn)在后句中。(錯(cuò)誤)We could take a taxi or walk to the restaurant.(分析)此句仍是一個(gè)simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)而不是compound sentence(并列句)，compound sentence(并列句)必須包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的simple sentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)四，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查compound sentence與complex sentence之間的轉(zhuǎn)換試題：4. The tape recorder was not working right， so I returned it to the store. (complex sentence)答案：4. Because the tape recorder was not working right， I returned it to the store.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 了解complex sentence(復(fù)合句)的構(gòu)成：complex sentence(復(fù)合句)包含一個(gè)主句及一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句。從句分為名詞性從句、形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。(2) 第4題原句是compound sentence(并列句)，兩個(gè)分句為因果關(guān)系，要把compound sentence(并列句)重寫(xiě)成complex sentence(復(fù)合句)時(shí)，只需將第一個(gè)分句改為由從屬連接詞because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句即可。考生典型答題錯(cuò)誤分析(錯(cuò)誤)I returned the tape recorder to the store， for it was not working right.(分析)for雖然也可引導(dǎo)表示原因的分句，但它是并列連接詞，用在compound sentence(并列句)中，這點(diǎn)與because、as、since等引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連接詞不同。五，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)compound-complex sentence的掌握和運(yùn)用。試題：7. If you want me to clean your windows， please give me a weeks notice. I am very busy this month. (compound-complex sentence)答案：7. If you want me to clean your windows， please give me a weeks notice， for I am very busy this month.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 了解compound-complex sentence(并列復(fù)合句)的構(gòu)成：顧名思義，compound-complex sentence(并列復(fù)合句)是由復(fù)合句并列而形成的。具體地說(shuō)，compound-complex sentence(并列復(fù)合句)可以是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句與一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句用并列連接詞連接起來(lái)的，也可以是兩個(gè)主從復(fù)合句的并列。(2) 第7題原句中的第一個(gè)句子是含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，第一句與第二句是前因后果的關(guān)系，將兩句話用并列連接詞for連接起來(lái)，即可合并為一個(gè)compound - complex sentence(并列復(fù)合句)。考生典型答題錯(cuò)誤分析(錯(cuò)誤)Please give me a weeks notice if you want me to clean your windows， because I am very busy this month.(分析)此句仍是complex sentence(復(fù)合句)，因?yàn)閎ecause為從屬連接詞。在表示原因的連接詞中，只有for是并列連接詞，用于連接兩個(gè)具有并列關(guān)系的分句。閱卷中發(fā)現(xiàn)，相當(dāng)多的考生沒(méi)有掌握好連接詞for的用法。六，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)parallel structure概念的掌握和運(yùn)用試題：8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play. She went out for dinner. She arrived at the theater by 8：00. (parallel structure)答案：8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play， went out for dinner， and arrived at the theater by 8：00.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 明確parallel structure(平行結(jié)構(gòu))的特點(diǎn)：parallel structure(平行結(jié)構(gòu))是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意思并列的成分用同等的語(yǔ)法形式表示出來(lái)。平行的結(jié)構(gòu)可以是單詞、詞組、從句，也可以是句子。(2) 第8題原有的三個(gè)短句中，主語(yǔ)均為Minnie，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bought、went out、及arrived是意思并列的成分，可以成為平行結(jié)構(gòu)?？忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析(錯(cuò)誤)Minnie bought a ticket to the play， arrived at the theater by 8：00，and went out for dinner.(分析)Minnie買(mǎi)票、外出吃飯、到達(dá)劇院是按照時(shí)間順序先后發(fā)生的，次序不能隨意更改。(錯(cuò)誤)Minnie bought a ticket to the play， went out for dinner， then arrived at the theater by 8：00.(分析)then不是并列連接詞，不能取代and.上一講，我們對(duì)第一種題型“重寫(xiě)句子”的考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)與解題思路進(jìn)行了分析和探討，并對(duì)考生答題中的典型錯(cuò)誤作了剖析。本講我們將研究第二種題型“改寫(xiě)病句”，病句中的一些語(yǔ)病在中國(guó)學(xué)生的英文寫(xiě)作中十分常見(jiàn)，值得認(rèn)真推敲。第二大題 改寫(xiě)病句(本大題共5小題，每小題3分，共15分)Correct the errors in the following sentences一， 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)連接詞(joining word)使用錯(cuò)誤的識(shí)別與修正。試題：11. Your sales are up， therefore， your bonus is forthcoming.答案：11. Your sales are up； therefore， your bonus is forthcoming.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 連接詞(joining word)可分為連詞(如：and， but， for， so， because， although， since等)和連接性副詞(如：therefore， consequently， accordingly， moreover， furthermore， otherwise， likewise， however， nevertheless等)。連詞和連接性副詞在用法上有很多相似之處，但也有不同點(diǎn)。(2) 連詞和連接性副詞在連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，前后使用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不同：連詞之前常用逗號(hào)(，)，之后通常不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)；而連接性副詞之前要求用分號(hào)(；)或句號(hào)(。)，之后常用逗號(hào)(，)。(3) 該句最簡(jiǎn)便的修正方法是將連接性副詞therefore前的逗號(hào)(，)改為分號(hào)(；)。另外也可改為：Your sales are up. Therefore， your bonus is forthcoming. “評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”中規(guī)定：“與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案不一致，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)正確，表意準(zhǔn)確，也得滿分。否則，酌情給分或不得分?！笨忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析：(錯(cuò)誤)If your sales are up， your bonus will be forthcoming(分析)原句中的兩個(gè)分句之間是因果關(guān)系，而不是假設(shè)關(guān)系。(錯(cuò)誤)Your bonus is forthcoming， therefore， your sales are up.(分析)有些考生識(shí)別不出病句結(jié)構(gòu)上的錯(cuò)誤，就以為句義有誤，對(duì)兩個(gè)分句的因果關(guān)系作了調(diào)整。值得注意的是，寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)試卷改寫(xiě)病句一題中的病句通常錯(cuò)在結(jié)構(gòu)上，而不是語(yǔ)義上。二， 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)破句(fragmentary sentence)的識(shí)別和修正。試題：12. People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible.答案：12. People worked together on the assembly line， moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 了解破句(fragmentary sentence)的特點(diǎn)：把句子的一部分當(dāng)成了一個(gè)句子。英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)完整的句子必須包含“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，否則就是破句(fragmentary sentence)。(2) 找出病句中結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的句子(即不包含主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子)：Moving quickly and efficiently.(3) 由于用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而引起的破句的修改方法為：將分詞結(jié)構(gòu)還原為謂語(yǔ)形式使其獨(dú)立成句，或者將分詞結(jié)構(gòu)與其前面或后面的句子融合在一起。本句最簡(jiǎn)便的修正方法是將moving前的句號(hào)(。)變成逗號(hào)(，)，使moving quickly and efficiently融入前面的句子，成為表示伴隨狀況的分詞短語(yǔ)?？忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析：(錯(cuò)誤)People worked together on the assembly line， moving quickly and efficiently.， they wanted to make s much money as possible.(分析)這是一個(gè)串句(run-on sentence)，誤將兩個(gè)獨(dú)立分句合寫(xiě)在一個(gè)句子里面而沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)胤蛛x標(biāo)識(shí)。(錯(cuò)誤)People worked together on the assembly line moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.(分析)moving的邏輯主語(yǔ)是people，不是assembly line，因此moving前必須有逗號(hào)(，)，否則分詞短語(yǔ)moving quickly and efficiently就變成了修飾名詞assembly line的定語(yǔ)，而不再是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked的伴隨狀況。三， 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)垂懸修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifier)的識(shí)別和修正。試題：13. Watching the parade， my wallet was stolen.答案：13. While watching the parade， I had my wallet stolen. / While I was watching the parade， my wallet was stolen.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 了解垂懸修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifier)的特點(diǎn)：修飾語(yǔ)在句中找不到邏輯上被修飾的對(duì)象。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞短語(yǔ)做修飾語(yǔ)修飾句子時(shí)，易發(fā)生垂懸修飾現(xiàn)象。(2) 修正時(shí)，可調(diào)整句子的主語(yǔ)，使之與上述結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致；也可將分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)或介詞短語(yǔ)帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，將其擴(kuò)展成從句。(3) 原句中做修飾語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)watching the parade的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)my wallet不一致，所以可將句子主語(yǔ)調(diào)整為I，或?qū)⒕渥又髡Z(yǔ)保持不變，使watching the parade帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)I.考生典型答題錯(cuò)誤分析：(錯(cuò)誤)While watching the parade， my wallet was stolen.(分析)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)watching the parade前加上連詞while或when，不能改變其垂懸修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifier)的性質(zhì)，因?yàn)槠溥壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)I未變，而與從句的主語(yǔ)my wallet仍然不一致。(錯(cuò)誤)Watching the parade， I lost my wallet.(分析)修正病句不應(yīng)該改變?cè)涞囊馑?。錢(qián)包丟失的原因可能是被盜，但也可能是別的原因，例如由于粗心遺忘在某地等。另外，從這一修改中，可看出相當(dāng)一部分考生對(duì)have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)不太熟悉。四， 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)錯(cuò)誤平行結(jié)構(gòu)(faulty parallelism)的識(shí)別和修正。試題：14. If a publisher rejects a novel， it is either because the story is unsaleable or the author is unknown.15. Our new car not only is more user-friendly， but also it is more comfortable than our old one.答案：14. If a publisher rejects a novel， it is either because the story is unsaleable or because the author is unknown.15. Our new car is not only more user-friendly but also more comfortable than our old one.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 了解錯(cuò)誤平行結(jié)構(gòu)(faulty parallelism)產(chǎn)生的原因：平行結(jié)構(gòu)(parallelism)是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意思并列的成分用同等語(yǔ)法形式表達(dá)，如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的語(yǔ)法形式來(lái)表達(dá)，就破壞了其平行結(jié)構(gòu)。(2) eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also， bothand等關(guān)聯(lián)并列連接詞(correlative conjunction)用于連接意思并列的成分，所以每個(gè)連詞后所跟的成分必須有相同的語(yǔ)法形式。(3) 14題原句中連詞either后是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，or后也應(yīng)補(bǔ)上because.15題病句最簡(jiǎn)便的修正方法，是將兩個(gè)形容詞比較級(jí)作為平行成分，用not onlybut also連接。考生典型答題錯(cuò)誤分析：(錯(cuò)誤)If a publisher rejects a novel， either the story is unsaleable or the author is unknown.(分析)從全句來(lái)看，這是一個(gè)邏輯關(guān)系模糊，句法不當(dāng)?shù)牟【?。不過(guò)應(yīng)當(dāng)肯定的是，平行的結(jié)構(gòu)可以是單詞、詞組，也可以是從句甚至句子。(錯(cuò)誤)Not only our new car is more user-friendly but also it is more comfortable than our old one.(分析)not onlybut also可以連接兩個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，但not only后的句子必須倒裝，如：Not only is our new car more user-friendly， but also it is more comfortable than our old one.另外，not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)相同的句子時(shí)顯得啰嗦和沒(méi)有必要，故常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)不同的句子，如：Not only is he himself interested in the subject， but also all his students have begun to show an interest in it. 前兩講，我們討論了“句子的組成”部分考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)與解題思路，下面我們將研究“段落的寫(xiě)作”方面的內(nèi)容。第三大題 標(biāo)出主題句(本大題共3小題，每小題5分，共15分)一， 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)主題句(topic sentence)特征的掌握以及識(shí)別主題句的能力。試題：16. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of the choice in the blank.A Temperatures in the western hemisphere have stayed the same in the past century.Temperatures in the western hemisphere are being studied by scientists.C Temperatures in the western hemisphere are gradually warming.D Temperatures in the western hemisphere are being changed.答案：16. C Temperatures in the western hemisphere are gradually warming.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 了解主題句(topic sentence)的特征：主題句(topic sentence)是一個(gè)段落中最重要的句子，它的作用是概括一個(gè)段落的中心意思，所以往往是表示一般概念的句子。范圍太大或太小，都會(huì)使作者無(wú)法展開(kāi)段落，必須通過(guò)某些限制性詞語(yǔ)將內(nèi)容范圍限制到一定程度，因此主題句應(yīng)包括主題和限制性詞語(yǔ)。從語(yǔ)義層次分析，主題句是一個(gè)概括性的語(yǔ)句(general statement)，它必須包涵段落要談?wù)摰闹黧w(subject)和這個(gè)主體的某一所談?wù)摰姆矫?controlling idea)，即Topic sentence=Subject+Contrlling idea.(2) 比較16題中的四句，看哪一句既有一定的概括性，又能留出一定的展開(kāi)余地。(3) C句符合上述的條件，其中Temperatures in the western hemisphere是subject； are gradually warming是controlling idea，有待推展和細(xì)節(jié)支持。(4) 其余三句雖也符合主題句“Topic sentence=Subject+Contrlling idea”的特征，但A句中have stayed the same in the past century是靜態(tài)的描述，不利于推展；句中are being studied by scientists意義籠統(tǒng)，缺乏探討的價(jià)值；D句中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)are being changed的使用使句義不夠明晰，令人費(fèi)解。二， 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查在段落中尋找主題句(topic sentence)的能力。試題：17. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.I dont like algebra this semester， and Im not too found of history. But Im enjoying my racquetball class a lot. Im getting a lot of exercise， and Im also enjoying the game. We usually play partners and compete in small tournaments within the class. The competition is fun， and playing partners keeps it relaxed. I also have found that I have some ability in racquetball that I havent had in other sports. I may sign up for intermediate racquetball next semester.答案：17. Topic sentence： Im enjoying my racquetball class a lot.解題關(guān)鍵：(1) 段落中的主題句(topic sentence)是全段的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)，它說(shuō)明段落的中心思想和作者寫(xiě)作的目的。段落的其余句子必須與主題句密切相關(guān)，共同闡明、證實(shí)主題句。因此，主題句具有概括性，支配段落中其他各句的走句。(2) 多數(shù)情況下主題句出現(xiàn)在段首，但也可以在段中或段尾。17題段落中的第二句Im enjoying my racquetball class a lot包含subject(racquetball class)和controlling idea(Im enjoying it a lot)，下文各句就enjoying一詞展開(kāi)，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明喜歡racquetball class的事實(shí)和原因。所以敲定該句為主題句?？忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析：(錯(cuò)誤)Topic sentence： I may sign up for intermediate racquetball next semester.(分析)該句適合做結(jié)論句(concluding sentence)，因?yàn)樗仨氁蕾嚽拔膶?duì)enjoying my racquetball class的探討才有效度。三， 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查根據(jù)段落中的支持句(supporting sentences)來(lái)推斷主題句(topic sentence)的能力。試題：18. Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph.Topic sentence：First， there are always customers to be served. I work in a downtown McDonalds that gets lots of traffic， and as soon as I serve one customer， there is always another one ready to order. There is constant pressure because I can never step back for a few minutes and relax. Second， I have to put together all of the orders myself. To do that， I have to move all over the serving area： French fries on one side， drinks on the other， and burgers in middle. Its easy to get sloppy and spill a Coke or throw French fries on the floor. Also， I must alwa