高中英語被動語態(tài)ppt課件

GrammarThePassiveVoice 1 語態(tài) voice 是個(gè)語法范疇 它是一種動詞形式 表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之間的主動和被動關(guān)系 當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí) 動詞用主動語態(tài) ActiveVoice 如果主語是動作的承受者 動詞便用被動語態(tài) PassiveVoice Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday 昨天我們打掃了教室 Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday 昨天教室被我們打掃了 一 被動語態(tài)的定義 2 二 被動語態(tài)的一般結(jié)構(gòu) 即 be done by be 及物動詞的過去分詞 HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare 哈姆雷特 是莎士比亞寫的 Thetaskhasbeenfinished 任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成了 3 WespeakEnglish 主語 謂語 賓語 Englishisspokenbyus 主語 謂語 賓語 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 4 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am is aredone一般過去時(shí) was weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am is arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have hasbeendone過去完成時(shí) hadbeendone一般將來時(shí) shall willbedone begoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時(shí) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can must haveto bedone Heisregardedasabrilliantscientist 他被認(rèn)為是一位才華橫溢的科學(xué)家 Thisbookwaswrittenin1969 這本書是1969年寫成的 Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理 Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim 他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡 Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年 Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened 他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張 Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours 工作將于三小時(shí)后完成 Thebabymustbelookedafterwell 這孩子必須被好好照顧 三 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài) 5 PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld 世界各地都有人講英語 Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld 1 含有單賓語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換 四 主動變被動中的幾個(gè)問題 6 2 含有雙賓語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換 多將間接賓語改為主語 IgavethebooktoMr Smithyesterday 昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書 ThebookwasgiventoMr Smithyesterday byme Mr Smithwasgivenabookyesterday byme Mymotherwillbuymeacoatnextweek 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 1 Acoatwillbeboughtformenextweek bymymother 2 Iwillbeboughtacoatnextweek bymymother 7 3 當(dāng)動詞后有復(fù)合賓語 變被動語態(tài)時(shí) 將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語即可 其它不變 Thebossfoundacooksmokinginthekitchen Acookwasfoundsmokinginthekitchen 4 get done 也可表示被動語態(tài) 此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化 Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek Shegotmarriedlastweek 8 Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy 大家認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子 Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone 方法1 把賓語從句里的主語變成被動句的主語 同時(shí)把賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語 方法2 用先行的it作形式主語 把賓語從句變成后置的主語從句 5 當(dāng)主動句的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動句 練習(xí) Weallthinkthatwecouldwinthegame wearethoughttowinthegame Itisthoughtthatwecouldwinthegame 9 以上即是漢語中含有 據(jù)說 據(jù)悉 據(jù)報(bào)道 有人說 大家說 等句式 Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse ItisreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS 眾所周知 Itiswellknownthat 據(jù)推測說 Itissupposedthat 10 6 含有動詞短語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換 Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim 他們從不聽他的話 Hehasneverbeenlistenedto 練習(xí) Theytakegoodcareofthebaby Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem 注意 含動詞詞組的被動語態(tài) 須將其看作一個(gè)整體 不可把它們分隔開來 不要丟漏動詞短語中的副詞或介詞 11 Hemademedothework Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim 6 主動句中動詞不帶to 但在被動句中帶to的幾種情況 練習(xí) Weheardhimsaygood byetohisfriends Hewasheardtosaygood byetohisfriends 注意 make let have feel hear see watch等詞在主動句中動詞不帶to 但在被動句中要帶to 12 五 主動形式也可以表示被動意義的幾種情況 1 主語是物 謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩缘牟患拔飫釉~ 常見的這類動詞有write read wear wash clean sell run等 這些動詞常與副詞smoothly easily well badly等連用 例如 Themachinerunswell Thispenwritesquitesmoothly Thiskindofbooksellswell 13 2 表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞 look feel smell taste sound prove appear等 例如 Doyoulikethematerial Yes it feel verysoft Yourideasoundsreasonable Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect 14 3 不及物動詞和某些短語 happen last begin stop open takeplace breakout comeabout belongto runout等 1 Worldwar brokeoutin1937 2 Theshopopensat6ameveryday 4 在need want require deserve等詞后用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義 也可用不定式的被動形式 Thematterwantslookinginto Thematterwantstobelookedinto 15 5 beworth后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義 但可用beworthytobedone或beworthyofbeingdone 1 Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering 2 Thefilmiswellworthseeing 3 Thefilmisworthytobeseen ofbeingseen 16 6 不定式在difficult easy hard safe good fit light等形容詞之后作狀語 且和句子主語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時(shí) 用主動式表被動義 Thebookiseasytounderstand Themorningairisfreshtobreathe Thegirliseasytogetalongwith 7 不定式作后置定語 與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系 又和該句主語或賓語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系 用主動式表被動義 Shehassomethingtosay Iwillgivehimsomethingtodrink 17 8 某些作表語用的不定式 強(qiáng)調(diào)出租 責(zé)備 解雇等 此類常用的動詞有l(wèi)et hire blame等 AmItoblame 我該受罰嗎 Thehouseistolet 這房屋出租 9 非謂語動詞的被動情況 Thehousetobebuiltnextyearisourlab Thehousebeingbuiltnowisourlab Thehousebuiltlastyearisourlab beingdone tobedone donehavingbeendonetohavebeendone 18 高考直擊 1 Anexhibitionofpaintings hold atthemuseumnextweek 2 Everypossiblemeans try butnone prove successful 3 Thequestionheaskedishard answer 4 Bytheendoflastyear anothernewgymnasium complete inBeijing 5 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool send abroadtostudymedicinelastyear 6 Sarah hurryup I mafraidyouwouldn thavetimeto change beforetheparty 練習(xí) istobeheld hasbeentried proves toanswer hadbeencompleted weresent getchanged 19 7 Rainforests cut andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthefuture 8 Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho blame forthespoiledchild 9 Greatchanges takeplace inthecity andalotoffactories setup inthepastfewyears 10 Thefootballmatch hold inourschoolnextweek arebeingcut istoblame havetakenplace havebeensetup isgoingtobeheld 20 II 下列句子均有一處錯(cuò)誤 請改正 1 Don tworry Youwillnotbelaughedforthat 2 Thefilmissointerestingthatitwillwatchagainandagain 3 Ipromisethismatterwillbetakecareof laughed后加at watch bewatched take taken 21 4 Themanwhogivesordersisinthechargeofthearmy 5 HeisluckyenoughtobeadmittedtoavolunteerofthecomingOlympicGames to as 去掉第二個(gè)the 22 實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用 Welcometoourschool I dliketointroduceyoutheplansforourschool Alotofwork do inthepastfewyears Thelibrary complete andisreadyforuse Butwestillhavetodomorework Anewbiologylab build thisyear Butwedonothaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment Studentsinallgrades collect money Aparty plan fortheendofthisterm Themoneywhichiscollected spend onnewequipment Atpresent plans make forapartyattheendofthesummerterm Thegardensoftheschool improve thisyear Newtrees plant whichwillsoongives