謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)ppt課件.ppt

1.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided4.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play6._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are,1,主謂一致,2,“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語(yǔ)之間在性、數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致?！爸髦^一致”是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are,were,have等，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具體處理一致關(guān)系時(shí)可遵循以下三原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近一致。,3,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況,1.由and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那個(gè)工人兼作家)(比較：TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.,4,2.Everyand(every),eachand(each),noand(no),manyaand(manya)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.注：主語(yǔ)是manya+n.或morethanone+n.時(shí)。Manyachildhasgonetoseeher.Morethanonestudenthastriedthis.,5,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況,3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)。Eachofthestudentshasabook.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等無(wú)生命的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.,6,5.以s結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語(yǔ)。maths,mathematics,physics,politics等。TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.美國(guó)成立于1776年。TheArabianNightsisveryinteresting.天方夜譚很有趣。6.表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.（注：如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，則用復(fù)數(shù)）,7,7.由any-,some-,every-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。8.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（V-ing,todo）、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.Toservethecountryisourduty.Howandwhyheleftwasasadstory.,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況,8,注1：what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)看情況而定。Whattheyneedismorewater.Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.注2：由howandwhy,whenandwhere引導(dǎo)的從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂動(dòng)仍用單數(shù)。Whenandwherewewillhavethemeetinghasnotbeendecided.,9,9.單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語(yǔ)。,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況,10,（二）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況,1.由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.,意義一致的原則,11,3.由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.4.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名詞作主語(yǔ)。,12,（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定,1.集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)個(gè)成員用復(fù)數(shù)。Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2.means,works,sheep等詞，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.,意義一致的原則,13,3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。4.all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。,（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定,意義一致的原則,14,6.The+形容詞/分詞作主語(yǔ)，指“一類”人或事物時(shí)，常用作復(fù)數(shù)用；指“某一個(gè)”人，或“抽象的”事物時(shí)，作單數(shù)用。TheEnglishspeakEnglish.Therejectedwereheapedinthecorner.廢品堆在角落里。Thedeceasedwashisfather.Theagreeableisnotalwaystheuseful.好看的不一定中用。Thenewandprogressivealwayswinsovertheold.新生、進(jìn)步的事物總是要戰(zhàn)勝舊的東西。,（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定,意義一致的原則,15,就近一致原則,1.由or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常和靠近的作主語(yǔ)的名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.但注意：“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名詞”置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般仍和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.2.由there或here引導(dǎo)的句子，主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常和靠近的作主語(yǔ)的名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。,16,集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)如何確定?,1Hisfamily_asmallone2Hisfamily_fatandshortAis，isBare，areCis，areDare，is,此題應(yīng)選C。family是一個(gè)集合名詞，具有單數(shù)(側(cè)重指整體)和復(fù)數(shù)(側(cè)重指?jìng)€(gè)體)兩種可能。類似這種用法的詞主要的有：team(隊(duì)，隊(duì)員)，class(班，班上的全體學(xué)生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘務(wù)員)，committee(委員會(huì)，委員們)，audience(聽(tīng)眾)等：,17,Theteamisthebestintheleague這個(gè)隊(duì)在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。Thefootballteamarehavingbaths足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谙丛琛?Thisclassconsistsof45students.MrGreenteachesit這個(gè)班45個(gè)學(xué)生，由格林先生教。Thisclassarealldiligent.MrGreenteachesthem.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生都很用功，由格林先生教。,18,謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該跟主語(yǔ)一致還是跟表語(yǔ)一致?,WeChinese_ahard-workingpeopleAisBareCisbeingDarebeing,此題應(yīng)選B。這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說(shuō)的是主謂一致（即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)一致），本題意為：我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。,注意以下類似例子：ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJimTheplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudyThemostimportantthingIneedisbooksThecountrysleadingexportiswatchesThebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies,19,但是有些主語(yǔ)由于本身具有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種可能，它的謂語(yǔ)到底用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，要看具體的語(yǔ)境（多數(shù)情況是看其后面詞語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)），例如：Whoisyourbrother？誰(shuí)是你的兄弟？Whoareyourbrothers？哪些是你的兄弟？Whathesaidisquitecorrect他所說(shuō)的完全正確。Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks他給我留下的只是幾本舊書。,20,并列主語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與哪個(gè)保持一致？,1.Youorhe_toblame你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。2._youorhetoblame?受責(zé)備的是你還是他？Ais，IsBare，AreCis，AreDare，Is,在通常情況下，兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，notonlybut（also）等連接時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)通常與第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)（即臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)）保持一致，但是，在疑問(wèn)句中則通常與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（即臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)）保持一致。,21,1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,22,下列結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致？,Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagiftAisofferedBhasofferedCareofferedDhaveoffered,用連詞and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)，但是若主語(yǔ)跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan等連接的另一個(gè)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)通常要與前面一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。,23,1NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen2Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingC