SAT 數(shù)學(xué)必背詞匯.doc

SAT 數(shù)學(xué)必備詞匯1.運(yùn)算add，plus加subtract減difference差 multiply,times乘product積divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient商remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號(hào)roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有關(guān)集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集 3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraic term代數(shù)項(xiàng)like terms,similar terms同類項(xiàng)numerical coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient字母系數(shù) inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式 range值域 original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程 等價(jià)方程linear equation線性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)proper fraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improper fraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixed number帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simple fraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)complex fraction繁分?jǐn)?shù) numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction純小數(shù)infinite decimal無(wú)窮小數(shù)recurring decimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位 5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念 arithmetic mean算術(shù)平均值weighted average加權(quán)平均值geometric mean幾何平均數(shù) exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體square root平方根cube root立方根 common logarithm常用對(duì)數(shù) digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量 inversefunction反函數(shù)complementary function余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolute value絕對(duì)值，e.g.-32=32round off四舍五入6.有關(guān)數(shù)論natural number自然數(shù)positive number正數(shù)negative number負(fù)數(shù)odd integer,odd number奇數(shù)even integer,even number偶數(shù)integer,whole number整數(shù)positive whole number正整數(shù)negative whole number負(fù)整數(shù) consecutive number連續(xù)整數(shù)rea lnumber,rational number實(shí)數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無(wú)理數(shù) inverse倒數(shù)composite number合數(shù)e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15prime number質(zhì)數(shù)e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocal倒數(shù) common divisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)common multiple(最小)公倍數(shù) (prime)factor(質(zhì))因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的 tens十位units個(gè)位 mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù) common ratio公比 7.數(shù)列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometric progression(sequence)等比數(shù)列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時(shí)針?lè)较騝ardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計(jì)，近似parentheses括號(hào)proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometric function三角函數(shù)unit單位,位幾何部分1.所有的角alternate angle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle對(duì)頂角central angle圓心角interior angle內(nèi)角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles補(bǔ)角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle鄰角acute angle銳角obtuse angle鈍角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夾角 2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等邊三角形scalene triangle不等邊三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle內(nèi)接三角形 3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentric circles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長(zhǎng)方形regular polygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形 4.其它平面圖形arc弧line,straight line直線line segment線段parallel lines平行線segment of a circle弧形 5.有關(guān)立體圖形cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangular solid長(zhǎng)方體regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面體circular cylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的 6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物altitude高depth深度side邊長(zhǎng)circumference,perimeter周長(zhǎng)radian弧度surface area 表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股cros ssection橫截面center of acircle圓心chord弦radius半徑angle bisector角平分線diagonal對(duì)角線diameter直徑edge棱face of a solid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊included side夾邊leg三角形的直角邊medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底數(shù))opposite直角三角形中的對(duì)邊midpoint中點(diǎn)endpoint端點(diǎn)vertex(復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)頂點(diǎn)tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距 7.有關(guān)坐標(biāo) coordinate system坐標(biāo)系rectangular coordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點(diǎn)abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane復(fù)平面 8.其它plane geometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的其它 cent美分penny一美分硬幣nickel5美分硬幣dime一角硬