2015年電大計算機輔助期末復習考試小抄終結(jié)版

電大計算機輔助期末復習考試小抄填空1現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設(shè)計需要經(jīng)歷的幾個環(huán)節(jié)（需求分析和可行性研究）（概念設(shè)計）（初步設(shè)計）（詳細設(shè)計）（試制與測試）（設(shè)計定型）（設(shè)計完善）2CAD技術(shù)的未來發(fā)展集中體現(xiàn)在（集成化）（網(wǎng)絡(luò)化）（智能化）（標準化）3CAD系統(tǒng)的軟件分為（系統(tǒng)軟件）（支撐軟件）（應用軟件）三個層次4CAD系統(tǒng)按其硬件組成分類，目前主要使用的有（主機系統(tǒng)）（小型機系統(tǒng)）（工作站系統(tǒng)）（微機系統(tǒng)）（基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的微機工作站系統(tǒng)）5三次B樣條曲線可完成（拐點）（直線）（構(gòu)造尖點）（磨平尖點）等特殊處理6在研究自由曲線時常用到（點）（插值）（逼近）（光順）（擬合）這些基本術(shù)語7常用的軟件工程過程模型（瀑布模型）（原型模型）（增量模型）（螺旋模型）8CAD系統(tǒng)按工作方法及功能大致分為（檢索性）（自動型）（交互性）（智能型）9CAD的英文全稱COMPUTERAIDEDDESIGN10幾何造型系統(tǒng)分為（線框造型）（曲面造型）（實體造型）11工程數(shù)據(jù)中數(shù)表的計算機處理方法（數(shù)表程序化）（一元函數(shù)插值）（二元函數(shù)插值）12實體造型數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)常用的有（CSG樹型結(jié)構(gòu)）（邊界表示數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)）空間分割模型結(jié)構(gòu)）13體素之間的集合運算（又稱布爾運算）分為（并）（交）（差）運算14在CAD系統(tǒng)中，接口可以認為是系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部之間或者系統(tǒng)內(nèi)外之間信息交換的（一種共享邏輯界面），即信息交流的（一種約定或一種標準）15計算機輔助設(shè)計是指利用（計算機軟件硬件系統(tǒng)）輔助工程技術(shù)人員對產(chǎn)品或工程進行（設(shè)計）（分析）（修改）以及交互式顯示輸出的一種方法，是一門多學科的綜合應用技術(shù)。16常用的輸入控制方式（請求）（取樣）（事件）3種17（計算機圖形處理技術(shù)）是CAD技術(shù)的核心與基礎(chǔ)18按其發(fā)展歷史，幾何造型系統(tǒng)分為（線框造型系統(tǒng)）（曲面造型系統(tǒng)）（實體造型系統(tǒng)）19CAD技術(shù)是前提和基礎(chǔ)，CAM技術(shù)是目的20工作站UNIX工作站W(wǎng)INDOWS工作站21在三維空間中定義幾何形體時可采用3中坐標系世界坐標系造型坐標系觀察坐標系簡述1CAD技術(shù)中數(shù)據(jù)交換方式專用數(shù)據(jù)格式交換方式（點對點交換）采用標準數(shù)據(jù)格式的中性文件交換方式（星式交換）統(tǒng)一的產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)模型交換方式2計算機處理技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)圖形處理的數(shù)學基礎(chǔ)圖形程序庫坐標系窗口與視圖圖形的裁剪與消隱二維三維圖形變換3計算機圖形標準通常是指圖形系統(tǒng)及其相關(guān)應用系統(tǒng)中各界面進行數(shù)據(jù)傳送和通信的接口標準以及供圖形應用程序調(diào)用的子程序功能及其格式標準4現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設(shè)計全生命周期性的概念產(chǎn)品設(shè)計是一個“設(shè)計評價再設(shè)計”的反復迭代過程，在產(chǎn)品的整個生命周期中，設(shè)計定型并不意味著設(shè)計工作的結(jié)束，只要產(chǎn)品還在生產(chǎn)和銷售，就必將反饋大連的用戶信息和生產(chǎn)制造信息，并要求對產(chǎn)品不斷進行修改。5線框造型（用直線圓圓弧等空間棱線構(gòu)造三維物體的方法）的特點優(yōu)點結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，易于理解。缺點構(gòu)造出的幾何形體易產(chǎn)生不確定性6曲面造型特點優(yōu)點所描述的零件范圍比線框造型廣泛便于進行工程分析和技術(shù)加工缺點形體表述不完整7實體造型優(yōu)越性用實體造型的方法所構(gòu)造的形體，數(shù)據(jù)表述最為完整，真正實現(xiàn)了工程分析和數(shù)據(jù)加工的要求實體造型不僅記錄了全部幾何信息，而且記錄了全部點、線、面、體、的拓補信息通過看色、光照、及紋理處理等技術(shù)的應用，使實體造型具有很好的可視性8CAD系統(tǒng)選型的基本要素軟件選型運行環(huán)境的選型價格策略9選擇CAD系統(tǒng)的原則軟件系統(tǒng)的選擇優(yōu)于硬件且應具有優(yōu)越的性能硬件系統(tǒng)應該符合國際工業(yè)標準整個軟硬件系統(tǒng)運行可靠，維護簡單，性能價格比優(yōu)越具有良好的售后服務(wù)體系供應商應該有良好的信譽，可以提供培訓，故障排除及其他增值服務(wù)。10CAD系統(tǒng)的硬件組成有主機，輸入設(shè)備，輸出設(shè)備，信息存儲設(shè)備，網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備，多媒體設(shè)備等組成。11CAD系統(tǒng)軟件包括操作軟件，編譯軟件。CAD支撐軟件包括圖形處理軟件，工程分析與計算軟件，模擬仿真軟件，數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程軟件，文檔制作軟件。12CAD技術(shù)的特點CAD技術(shù)是多學科綜合性應用技術(shù)CAD技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法和手段的綜合體現(xiàn)CAD技術(shù)是人的創(chuàng)造性思維活動同基于計算機系統(tǒng)的有機結(jié)合13CAD技術(shù)的應用繪制二維三維工程圖建立圖形及符號庫參數(shù)化設(shè)計三維造型工程分析生成設(shè)計文檔或報表14CAD技術(shù)的優(yōu)點提高設(shè)計效率提高設(shè)計質(zhì)量便于產(chǎn)品標準化系列化在設(shè)計階段可預估產(chǎn)品的特性易于實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化設(shè)計為實現(xiàn)CAM提供了基礎(chǔ)使產(chǎn)品快速進入市場15CAD技術(shù)的缺點一次性投入資金較大對工程技術(shù)人員的素質(zhì)和技能要求較高16CAD軟件開發(fā)的主要步驟可行性研究與項目開發(fā)計劃軟件需求分析軟件設(shè)計代碼實現(xiàn)軟件測試運行與維護17在CAD作業(yè)中如何處理工程手冊中的設(shè)計資料，方法有程序化方法文件化處理方法數(shù)據(jù)庫管理方法18CAD技術(shù)中的交互任務(wù)選擇定位定向定路徑定量文本三維交互組合交互交互技術(shù)選擇技術(shù)定位技術(shù)定路徑技術(shù)定量技術(shù)文本技術(shù)橡皮筋技術(shù)徒手畫技術(shù)拖動技術(shù)19什么是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計所謂設(shè)計，是指根據(jù)使用要求確定產(chǎn)品應具備的功能，構(gòu)思產(chǎn)品的工作原理，總體布局，運動方式，力和能量的傳遞，結(jié)構(gòu)形式，產(chǎn)品形狀，以及色彩，材質(zhì)，工藝人機工程等事項，并轉(zhuǎn)化為工程描述，以此作為制造的依據(jù)20齊次坐標是指用一個N1維向量表示一個N維向量21設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序是一系列與設(shè)備相關(guān)的代碼，他直接控制圖形設(shè)備的顯示處理單元缺點可移植性差，可讀性差22圖形的裁剪通過正確的識別圖形在窗口的內(nèi)外部分，裁減掉位于窗口外的圖形部分，僅保留位于窗口內(nèi)的圖形部分，這種選擇可見圖形信息的方法稱為裁剪。23圖形的消隱消隱指消除隱藏線和隱藏面，其目的是消除物體顯示的二義性。24幾何造型系統(tǒng)通常，把能夠定義、描述、生成幾何模型，并能夠進行交互編輯處理的系統(tǒng)。25實體造型的造型功能通過基本體素造型通過體素之間的幾何運算造型高級造型26BEZIER曲線的性質(zhì)端點性質(zhì)，對稱性，凸包性，幾何不變性27BEZIER曲線的缺點當特征多邊形的頂點分布不均勻，參數(shù)T在曲線上對應的分布也不均勻BEZIER曲線的形狀與定義它的特性多邊形相距甚遠，改變特征多邊形的一個頂點將影響整條曲線請您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容，O_O萬分謝謝2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄INDONESIAHASEMERGEDASATOPVACATIONDESTINATIONFORCHINESETHISSUMMER,ALONGWITHTHAILANDSPHUKETISLANDANDTHEMALDIVESARCHIPELAGOENCOURAGEDBYGROWTHINCHINESETRAVELERSTOINDONESIA,THEGOVERNMENTINJAKARTAHASRECENTLYRELAXEDITSVISAPOLICYSINCEJUNE10,CHINESETOURISTSCANENTERINDONESIATHROUGHNINEAPPOINTEDLOCATIONS,INCLUDINGTHESOEKARNOHATTAINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINJAKARTA,THENGURAHRAIINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINBALIANDTHEKUALANAMUINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINMEDAN,BYJUSTGETTINGTHEIRPASSPORTSSTAMPEDONARRIVALOFFICIALLY,ITISCALLEDTHE“FREEVISA“SCHEMETHENEWPOLICYALSOMEANSCHINESETOURISTSCANSAVE35ONVISAFEES,WHICHWILLLIKELYMAKETRIPSTOINDONESIAMOREALLURINGWHILESUCHANARRANGEMENTALLOWSCHINESEVISITORSTOSTAYUPTO30DAYSFORTHEPURPOSEOFTRAVELING,THOSESEEKINGEXTENSIONSWILLNEEDTOGETPAIDVISASFROMTHATCOUNTRYSMISSIONSINBEIJING,SHANGHAI,GUANGZHOUORHONGKONG,ACCORDINGTOANOFFICIALATTHEINDONESIAEMBASSYINBEIJINGSANTODARMOSUMARTO,HEADOFTHEEMBASSYSINFORMATION,SOCIALANDCULTURALSECTION,SAYSTHENEWPOLICYISAIMEDATSTRENGTHENINGPEOPLETOPEOPLECONTACTSBETWEENTHETWOCOUNTRIESDAIYU,MARKETINGDIRECTOROFCTRIP,AMAJORCHINESEONLINETRAVELAGENCY,SAYS“WEVESEENANEARLY50PERCENTGROWTHOVERTHEPREVIOUSMONTHINTHENUMBEROFCHINESETOURISTSTOBALISINCETHEPOLICYWASANNOUNCED“DURINGHISTRIPTOCHINAINMARCH,INDONESIANPRESI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