人教新課標(biāo)選修六 Unit 1 Art-Grammar[課件].ppt

1、人教課標(biāo) 高二選修6Unit 1,英語教學(xué)課件,虛擬語氣Subjunctive Mood (I),GRAMMER 語法,陳述語氣I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使語氣Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 語氣的分類,英語的動詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣: 陳述語氣, 祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。,虛擬語氣If I were you, I would not leave her alon

2、e.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.,條件句表示主句的條件, 分真實條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。,a. 真實條件句 表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的, 采用陳述語氣。 b. 虛擬條件句表示條件是無法實現(xiàn)或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語氣。,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示說話人所說的話不是事實, 而是一種假設(shè), 愿望, 懷疑或推測。虛擬語氣主要用于if條件狀語從句, 也可用于名詞性從句等。,二. if 虛擬條件句的概念,由 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句叫作 if虛擬條件句 I could easily

3、 recognize if I had seen him before. 其他虛擬條件句 Without your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time.,三. if Sentence Structure if 虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu),a. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè) b. 表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè) c. 表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè),1. 虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中 (1) 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè), 條件 狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式(be 動詞的過去式用were)”, 而主句中的謂語動詞“would / should/ could / migh

4、t + 動詞原形”。,虛擬語氣,If I were a boy, I would join the army.,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were f

5、ine now, I would go shopping.,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.

6、d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.,were not,could be,were,would ask,Choose one of the topics and discuss it in groups.,1. You had a dream that you were a teacher. What would you do if you were a teacher? 2. Suppose you won a lot of money. What would you do with the money?,

7、If I _ a teacher, I.,were,2. 與過去的事實相反,從句的謂語用had過去分詞, 構(gòu)成If I (we, you, he, they)had過去分詞的形式； 主句的謂語用should(第一人稱)/would (第二、三人稱) /could/might have 動詞過去分詞。,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.,had learnt,woul

8、d not have been,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had

9、met,would have gone,Solve problems,The students failed the English exam. Could you give him some suggestions? One of your friend got HN1 last year. He suffered a lot. What could you do help him?,3. 與將來事實相反,從句的謂語用If I (we, you, he, they) 動詞過去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句謂語用should(第一人稱) /would (第二、三

10、人稱) /could/ might 動詞原形。,If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,If he got up early,he would be on time.,假如他來了, 我們對他說什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看見我, 就會認(rèn)識我。

11、,If he should see me, he would know me.,a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power. b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,should make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks,c. If Robots _ (control) the world some d

12、ay, here _ (be) no friendship.,were to control,would be,主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間, 這時主從句位于動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同, 這叫做混合條件句。 例句中從句與過去事實相反, 主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,過去時(were),would/could/should/mig

13、ht +v. (原),虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。,過去完成時,would/could/should/might + have+ p.p.,1. 過去時 2. should+ v. 3. were to do,would/could/ should/ might +v. (原),二. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法,1. 在動詞wish后的賓語從句中, 表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反, 或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望, 從句通常省略連詞that。,1) 表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬: 從句動詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式 (be動詞一般用were) 。,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish

14、 I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,(2) 表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用“had過去分詞”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,(3) 表示對將來的主觀愿望: 從句動詞形式為 “ would動詞原形”。,注意: 主句的主語與從句的主要不能相同, 因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動物名詞除外)。 但愿你立刻來。 I w

15、ish you would come soon.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,2. 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。,常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建 議，四個要求。即: 1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand, require, request, desire 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語 氣。即從句中的動詞 使用should + 動詞原 形，或者將should省略。,e.g. 我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。

16、 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,He insisted that I (should) be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從 句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句 也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一 樣。即：(should)V. ord

17、er, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,insist/suggest不接虛擬的用法,1. She insisted that she was right. 她堅持認(rèn)為

18、自己是對的。（堅持事實） 2. His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel. 他的叔叔堅持要求他不要待在旅館里。,2. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be increased.,3. Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,過去時,你該走了。,我們該去睡覺了。,Its time that you went. Its time

19、that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should不可省略),as if/as though,由as if (as though) 或even though (even though) 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時, 從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式 (be用were) 或 “had過去分詞”。,He behaves as if he owned the house.,(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it o

20、r we dont know whether he owns it or not.),She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.,他那樣對待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,注意: 如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生, 那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。,Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.,4. would rather (that),現(xiàn)在： 過去： 將來：,I would ra

21、ther you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,過去時,過去時,過去完成時,關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析1,關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析2,關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析3,關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析4,關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析5,從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. Have you ever been to Beijing? No, but I wish I _. A. haveB. will C. doD. had2. If there were no w

22、ater in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have diedD. have died,3. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. could have gone B. could go C. have goneD. went,4. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay

23、 D. were; would pay,5. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. wouldnt have B. didnt haveC. hadnt had D. havent had,6. When a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brok

24、en 7. “Are you going to the ball tonight?” “Its too late now. How I wish _ about it earlier!” A. Ill know B. Ive known C. I know D. Id known,8. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 9. “Jacks been ill for some weeks.” “I know. I wis

25、h _ see a doctor.” A. he should B. he can C. hell D. he could,10. “You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday. The film was very good.” “I wish I _ yesterday off. Id have gone with you.” A. have had B. had C. have D. had had 11. It is time that we _ this practice. A. stop B. stopped C. will stop D. have stopped,12. I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin. A. were B. am C. was D. will be 13. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. have been B. are C. were D. ha