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1、.,主 謂 一 致,.,主謂一致考點(diǎn),.,定義:“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語(yǔ)之間在性、數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致。 “主謂一致”是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須在人稱(chēng)、性、數(shù)上保持一致,即主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如are, were, have等,主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式,如:is, was, has, works等。,.,原 則,1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則 2. 意義一致原則 3. 就近一致原則,.,語(yǔ)法詳解: 所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間,即主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。,.,一. 語(yǔ)法 定義:主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也是單數(shù), 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)也是復(fù)數(shù). 1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ) To s
2、ee is to believe. Asking costs nothing. Lying and stealing are immoral.,.,(2)用and 連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)人,同一事,同一抽象概念,且and后名詞無(wú)冠詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_,如:The writer and singer _ coming tomorrow. 否則用復(fù)數(shù)。,(1)以“and ”或“both and”連接的并列主語(yǔ), 通常作_用 。,有些and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè) 整體,如: bread and butter, knife and fork, whisky and soda(威士忌加蘇打
3、水), steel and iron,is,單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù),.,(3)Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)以及more than one.和many a.作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用_.,語(yǔ)法一致,Eg: Every desk and every chair _made of wood. Many a boy and (many a) girl _made the same mistake,單數(shù),is,has,.,語(yǔ)法一致,(4) “a / an + 單名+ and a half
4、”, “one and a half +復(fù)名” 常接_謂語(yǔ);,A year and a half _passed . One and a half bananas_left on the desk.,has,is,單數(shù),.,(5) 不定代詞each, either, neither, another, the other 等作主語(yǔ)通常用_謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;,其中, each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用_。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。如,語(yǔ)法一致,Each of us _a dictionary. We each _a dictionary.,has,have,單數(shù),單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù),.,1.Serv
5、ing the people _ my great happiness. 2. When well go out for an outing _ decided. 3. To get the most profits _ the common aim of businessmen.,(6)不定式(短語(yǔ)),動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_,如:,is,has been,is,單數(shù),.,語(yǔ)法一致,(7)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間插有 with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rath
6、er than; like; including 等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受這些插入語(yǔ)的影響,依然與_保持一致,主語(yǔ),.,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,.,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and B
7、ob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,are,knows/know,.,主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況:,1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況: (1) He and she _both students of this sch
8、ool. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,一、語(yǔ)法一致原則,are,.,(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。,.,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,.,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連
9、接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。,二、就近原則,Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,.,2. 1) Every and (every) 2) each and (each) 3)no and (no), 4) many a and (many a)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made t
10、he same mistake.,.,3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), Each of the students has a book. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。,.,Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,.,三、概念一致原則,所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式, 而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù);有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。,.,1. 不定代詞all, mo
11、re, some, any, none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。,are,is,.,None of the money_ left. 沒(méi)有剩下一點(diǎn)錢(qián)。 None of the students _ there. 沒(méi)有學(xué)生在那里。,is,is,.,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。,.
12、,Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋(píng)果壞了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.,have,is,are,.,3. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, popu
13、lation, team, group。,.,His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥?His family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。,is,are,.,5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in
14、the room. 在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。,.,(一).就前一致: (即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的中心詞一致) 名詞 A + + 名詞 B 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞僅與 A 一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _ (去過(guò)) the Summer Palace twice. 2.The teacher as well as her students _ fond of popular music very much. 3. All but Tom _(know) the truth so far.,with; together with; along with
15、but; except; besides including; as well as; in addition to not; rather than; like.,has been to,-,is,-,have known,-,.,4.He, rather than you, _ (應(yīng)受責(zé)備) (二).就后一致: (即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的中心詞一致) + 名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于后面名詞的數(shù) 1.One third of the students in our class _ girls. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ c
16、overed with / by water.,分?jǐn)?shù) + of ; 百分?jǐn)?shù) + of some of ; part of ; half of ; most of ; the rest of ; .,is to blame,-,are,-,is,-,-,.,3.Half of the project _ (complete) in the past two months. 4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. (三) 就近一致: 連接的詞作 主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)
17、動(dòng)詞與最鄰 近的主語(yǔ)一 致,or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also not but There be,has been completed,-,are,.,1._ you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either you or he _ mistaken. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _ in for rock music. 4.There _ a pen and some books on the table.,Are,is,go,is,.,(六) 分兩種情況對(duì)比掌握:
18、1.集合名詞如 family, team, class, group, population 作主語(yǔ), 如果作為一個(gè)整體看待, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). 如果指集體里每一個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). 1.Our class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music.,is,are,.,2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers. 2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Ja
19、panese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工廠) 作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文取決單復(fù)數(shù). 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem.,is,are,has,have,.,2.There _ a newly- built chemical works. 3.一些總是以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn), 成雙成對(duì)的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等 如果單獨(dú)出現(xiàn), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù), 如果前面有 a / this /
20、that pair of 修飾, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). 1.The trousers _ mine. 2.This pair of trousers _ mine.,is/ stands,are,is,.,類(lèi)似地: Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well.,sell,sells,-,-,.,4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every year. 5. 1.Th
21、e aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 6. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party.,own,is increasing,are,is,has,have,.,7. Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. Tom is the
22、 only one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. 8. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year.,were,was,is,are,.,9. 下列句子有什么特點(diǎn)? 1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his words.
23、 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to learn English.,is,are,was,were,is,are,.,1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.
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