高中英語主謂一致講解

1、.,主 謂 一 致,.,主謂一致考點(diǎn),.,定義:“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致。 “主謂一致”是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is, was, has, works等。,.,原 則,1. 語法一致原則 2. 意義一致原則 3. 就近一致原則,.,語法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。,.,一. 語法 定義:主語是單數(shù),謂語也是單數(shù), 主語是復(fù)數(shù)謂語也是復(fù)數(shù). 1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語 To s

2、ee is to believe. Asking costs nothing. Lying and stealing are immoral.,.,（2)用and 連接的并列主語，如果主語是一個(gè)人，同一事，同一抽象概念，且and后名詞無冠詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用_，如:The writer and singer _ coming tomorrow. 否則用復(fù)數(shù)。,(1)以“and ”或“both and”連接的并列主語, 通常作_用 。,有些and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè) 整體,如: bread and butter, knife and fork, whisky and soda(威士忌加蘇打

3、水), steel and iron,is,單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù),.,(3)Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語以及more than one.和many a.作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞都用_.,語法一致,Eg: Every desk and every chair _made of wood. Many a boy and (many a) girl _made the same mistake,單數(shù),is,has,.,語法一致,(4) “a / an + 單名+ and a half

4、”, “one and a half +復(fù)名” 常接_謂語；,A year and a half _passed . One and a half bananas_left on the desk.,has,is,單數(shù),.,(5) 不定代詞each, either, neither, another, the other 等作主語通常用_謂語動(dòng)詞;,其中, each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語動(dòng)用_。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each，謂語動(dòng)詞用_。如,語法一致,Each of us _a dictionary. We each _a dictionary.,has,have,單數(shù),單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù),.,1.Serv

5、ing the people _ my great happiness. 2. When well go out for an outing _ decided. 3. To get the most profits _ the common aim of businessmen.,（6）不定式（短語），動(dòng)名詞（短語）或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用_，如：,is,has been,is,單數(shù),.,語法一致,(7)當(dāng)主語與謂語之間插有 with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rath

6、er than; like; including 等引起的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞不受這些插入語的影響，依然與_保持一致,主語,.,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,.,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and B

7、ob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,are,knows/know,.,主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：,1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況： (1) He and she _both students of this sch

8、ool. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,一、語法一致原則,are,.,(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。,.,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,.,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連

9、接主語的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語保持一致。,二、就近原則,Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,.,2. 1) Every and (every) 2) each and (each) 3)no and (no), 4) many a and (many a)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù)。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made t

10、he same mistake.,.,3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語， Each of the students has a book. 謂語用單數(shù)。,.,Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,.,三、概念一致原則,所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。,.,1. 不定代詞all, mo

11、re, some, any, none作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。,are,is,.,None of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。 None of the students _ there. 沒有學(xué)生在那里。,is,is,.,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。,.

12、,Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.,have,is,are,.,3. 集合名詞作主語, 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, popu

13、lation, team, group。,.,His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥?His family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺?is,are,.,5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in

14、the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。,.,(一).就前一致: (即謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的中心詞一致) 名詞 A + + 名詞 B 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞僅與 A 一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _ (去過) the Summer Palace twice. 2.The teacher as well as her students _ fond of popular music very much. 3. All but Tom _(know) the truth so far.,with; together with; along with

15、but; except; besides including; as well as; in addition to not; rather than; like.,has been to,-,is,-,have known,-,.,4.He, rather than you, _ (應(yīng)受責(zé)備) (二).就后一致: (即謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的中心詞一致) + 名詞 作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞取決于后面名詞的數(shù) 1.One third of the students in our class _ girls. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ c

16、overed with / by water.,分?jǐn)?shù) + of ; 百分?jǐn)?shù) + of some of ; part of ; half of ; most of ; the rest of ; .,is to blame,-,are,-,is,-,-,.,3.Half of the project _ (complete) in the past two months. 4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. (三) 就近一致： 連接的詞作 主語，謂語

17、動(dòng)詞與最鄰 近的主語一 致,or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also not but There be,has been completed,-,are,.,1._ you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either you or he _ mistaken. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _ in for rock music. 4.There _ a pen and some books on the table.,Are,is,go,is,.,(六) 分兩種情況對(duì)比掌握:

18、1.集合名詞如 family, team, class, group, population 作主語, 如果作為一個(gè)整體看待, 謂語用單數(shù). 如果指集體里每一個(gè)成員,謂語用復(fù)數(shù). 1.Our class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music.,is,are,.,2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers. 2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Ja

19、panese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工廠) 作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文取決單復(fù)數(shù). 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem.,is,are,has,have,.,2.There _ a newly- built chemical works. 3.一些總是以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn), 成雙成對(duì)的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等 如果單獨(dú)出現(xiàn), 謂語用復(fù)數(shù), 如果前面有 a / this /

20、that pair of 修飾, 謂語用單數(shù). 1.The trousers _ mine. 2.This pair of trousers _ mine.,is/ stands,are,is,.,類似地: Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well.,sell,sells,-,-,.,4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every year. 5. 1.Th

21、e aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 6. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party.,own,is increasing,are,is,has,have,.,7. Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. Tom is the

22、 only one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. 8. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year.,were,was,is,are,.,9. 下列句子有什么特點(diǎn)? 1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his words.

23、 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to learn English.,is,are,was,were,is,are,.,1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.